Sensory Motor Tasks in Identification of Alzheimer Disease Using CART

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Mazur-Mosiewicz ◽  
Matthew J. Holcomb ◽  
Raymond S. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensory Motor

scholarly journals A Robot that Walks; Emergent Behaviors from a Carefully Evolved Network

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectrum ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Decentralized Networks ◽  
Walking Machine ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Structured System ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Emergent Behaviors

Most animals have significant behavioral expertise built in without having to explicitly learn it all from scratch. This expertise is a product of evolution of the organism; it can be viewed as a very long-term form of learning which provides a structured system within which individuals might learn more specialized skills or abilities. This paper suggests one possible mechanism for analagous robot evolution by describing a carefully designed series of networks, each one being a strict augmentation of the previous one, which control a six-legged walking machine capable of walking over rough terrain and following a person passively sensed in the infrared spectrum. As the completely decentralized networks are augmented, the robot's performance and behavior repertoire demonstrably improve. The rationale for such demonstrations is that they may provide a hint as to the requirements for automatically building massive networks to carry out complex sensory-motor tasks. The experiments with an actual robot ensure that an essence of reality is maintained and that no critical disabling problems have been ignored.

Adaptation to Underwater Distance Distortion as a Function of Different Sensory-Motor Tasks

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ono ◽  
Joseph P. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensory Motor

Adaptation to underwater distance distortion was investigated as a function of three sensory-motor tasks and exposure time. The tasks differed in terms of the extent to which visual feedback during the reaching response was provided. Eighteen experienced divers served as subjects. Each subject performed the three sensory-motor tasks and also observed another subject performing the tasks. Underwater distance perception was measured after each sensory-motor task and observing period. Adaptation occurred when the subjects performed the tasks but not when they were observing. The different sensory-motor tasks produced different amounts of adaptation. An argument is made that visually predirected reaching responses (no feedback) would produce greater adaptation than visually guided (feedback) reaching responses.

Social Skill and Aging: Principles and Problems

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Welford
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Old People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Industrial Operations

Over the last two decades it has become increasingly recognized that concepts of skill, formulated originally for sensory-motor tasks such as industrial operations, can be applied to interaction between people. The need for social skills in the interactions between old people, their contemporaries, and younger people with whom they have contact, are explored, and suggestions are made for training social skills in order to improve human relations with and between the elderly. It is also argued that present ideas, favoring opportunities for older people to live in communities with those of like mind, can lessen the need for social skills by reducing the social demands of institutional living.

scholarly journals Transfer in Implicit Learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Agafonov ◽  
A Kryukova ◽  
Y Shilov
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Implicit Knowledge ◽  
Artificial Grammar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Implicit Rule ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Experimental Group

The article describes the research, the aim of which is to discover the effect of transfer of the implicit knowledge of artificial grammar to solving of sensory-motor tasks. The article considers the role of implicit knowledge in actual cognitive activity. Forty volunteers took part in the experiment. Participants of the experiment wereimplicitly taught the rule of artificial grammar. At the control phase, the assignment consisted of solving the sensory-motor problem – to react to the appearance of the green or yellow circle by pressing a certain key. In the experimental group, the grammatical line always appeared before the green-colored circle was presented, and the ungrammatical line appeared before the yellow-colored circle. In the control group the color of the circle didn’t depend on the grammaticality of the line. As a result, we established the considerable reduction in the reaction time in the experimental group. Thus, the transfer of the implicitly learned knowledge of artificial grammar leads to enhancement of efficiency of sensory-motor activity. The implicit rule of artificialgrammar has acquired role of prime-stimulation. Keywords: implicit knowledge, implicit learning, artificial grammar learning, sensorymotor activity, transfer effect, priming

Haptics and Supervisory Control in Telesurgery

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Sheridan ◽  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
J.J. Hu ◽  
M. Ottensmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Slave Mode

This paper reviews several interrelated experiments related to the improvement of systems by which to perform simple surgical procedures remotely using closed circuit video/audio and telerobotic manipulator devices over ISDN telephone communication channels. The realities of such technology include the existence of several second time delays, severe constraints on feedback bandwidth, and the lack of some desirable degrees of freedom for manipulation. Experiments were done to determine what sensory-motor tasks should be performed by the surgeon directly in a master-slave mode with haptic (position-force) feedback, what tasks should be programmed into and subsequently performed by a computer at the site of the patient, and what tasks should be performed by an untrained assistant (non-surgeon) physically located with the patient with the second-by-second supervisory guidance of the remote surgeon. Experiments were also done to find ways to ameliorate the instability in force feedback caused by the time delay. For each mode the paper identifies compromises in telepresence and sensory- motor performance and tradeoffs between speed and accuracy. Based on experimental results, recommendations are made for ways to improve telesurgery systems now being developed.

Cognitive Function at High Altitude

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
John T. Coyne ◽  
David L. Strayer
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
The West ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Sensory Motor

The effects of altitude on human performance and cognition were evaluated in a field study performed on Mount Denali in Alaska during the summer of 1990. Climbers performed a series of perceptual, cognitive, and sensory-motor tasks before, during, and after climbing the West Buttress route on Denali. Relative to a matched control group that performed the tasks at sea level, the climbers showed deficits of learning and retention in perceptual and memory tasks. Furthermore, climbers performed more slowly on most tasks than did the control group, suggesting long-term deficits that may be attributed to repeated forays to high altitudes

Sensory-Motor Tasks As an Estimate for Verbal Ability

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Holcomb ◽  
Amy E. Zimmerman ◽  
Anna Mazur-Mosiewicz ◽  
Raymond S. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensory Motor

scholarly journals The Relative Influences of Priors and Sensory Evidence on an Oculomotor Decision Variable During Perceptual Learning

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2653-2668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua I. Gold ◽  
Chi-Tat Law ◽  
Patrick Connolly ◽  
Sharath Bennur
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Sequential Dependencies ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Sensory Evidence ◽  
Dot Motion

Choice behavior on simple sensory-motor tasks can exhibit trial-to-trial dependencies. For perceptual tasks, these dependencies reflect the influence of prior trials on choices that are also guided by sensory evidence, which is often independent across trials. Here we show that the relative influences of prior trials and sensory evidence on choice behavior can be shaped by training, such that prior influences are strongest when perceptual sensitivity to the relevant sensory evidence is weakest and then decline steadily as sensitivity improves. We trained monkeys to decide the direction of random-dot motion and indicate their decision with an eye movement. We characterized sequential dependencies by relating current choices to weighted averages of prior choices. We then modeled behavior as a drift-diffusion process, in which the weighted average of prior choices provided an additive offset to a decision variable that integrated incoming motion evidence to govern choice. The average magnitude of offset within individual training sessions declined steadily as the quality of the integrated motion evidence increased over many months of training. The trial-by-trial magnitude of offset was correlated with signals related to developing commands that generate the oculomotor response but not with neural activity in either the middle temporal area, which represents information about the motion stimulus, or the lateral intraparietal area, which represents the sensory-motor conversion. The results suggest that training can shape the relative contributions of expectations based on prior trends and incoming sensory evidence to select and prepare visually guided actions.

Structural and Chemical Studies of Pathological Fibers in Human Neurofibrillary Degeneration

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 726-729
Author(s):  
K.S. Kosik ◽  
L.K. Duffy ◽  
S. Bakalis ◽  
C. Abraham ◽  
D.J. Selkoe
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangles ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Protein Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Studies

The major structural lesions of the human brain during aging and in Alzheimer disease (AD) are the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and the senile (neuritic) plaque. Although these fibrous alterations have been recognized by light microscopists for almost a century, detailed biochemical and morphological analysis of the lesions has been undertaken only recently. Because the intraneuronal deposits in the NFT and the plaque neurites and the extraneuronal amyloid cores of the plaques have a filamentous ultrastructure, the neuronal cytoskeleton has played a prominent role in most pathogenetic hypotheses.The approach of our laboratory toward elucidating the origin of plaques and tangles in AD has been two-fold: the use of analytical protein chemistry to purify and then characterize the pathological fibers comprising the tangles and plaques, and the use of certain monoclonal antibodies to neuronal cytoskeletal proteins that, despite high specificity, cross-react with NFT and thus implicate epitopes of these proteins as constituents of the tangles.

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