From C.Y. Lee to Shawn Wong: The Transnational Family and its Implicit Rules

Employing the distinction between explicit and implicit rules as formulated by psychoanalytic theorist and philosopher Slavoj Žižek, this article examines the way in which challenges toward an initial rule-based fantasy take place within transnational families. In particular, the article employs an implicit, unwritten rules framework to assess the effect of transpacific migration on the institution of family within the Chinese American diaspora as represented in post-World War II fiction by Asian Pacific authors C.Y. Lee and Shawn Wong. Suggesting five implicit rules underpinning Chinese American families, the article examines Lee’s The Flower Drum Songto highlight early challenges to these rules before finding in Wong’s Homebasean unflinching adherence to an implicit rule concerning reverence for ancestors. Wong has the advantage of writing in the wake of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and of being in a position to trace more and more challenges to the initial fantasy following later waves of transpacific migration. His novel American Kneesis then shown to epitomize the implicit rules being stretched almost to breaking point as, for instance, the criteria for spouse selection becomes no longer Chinese or partially Chineseor even Asian or partially Asian but Americanization.

Strong convergence for monotone bilevel equilibria with constraints of variational inequalities and fixed points using subgradient extragradient implicit rule

In a real Hilbert space, let GSVI and CFPP represent a general system of variational inequalities and a common fixed point problem of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings and an asymptotically nonexpansive mapping, respectively. In this paper, via a new subgradient extragradient implicit rule, we introduce and analyze two iterative algorithms for solving the monotone bilevel equilibrium problem (MBEP) with the GSVI and CFPP constraints, i.e., a strongly monotone equilibrium problem over the common solution set of another monotone equilibrium problem, the GSVI and the CFPP. Some strong convergence results for the proposed algorithms are established under the mild assumptions, and they are also applied for finding a common solution of the GSVI, VIP, and FPP, where the VIP and FPP stand for a variational inequality problem and a fixed point problem, respectively.

Community standards of deception: Deception is perceived to be ethical when it prevents unnecessary harm

We frequently claim that lying is wrong, despite modeling that it is often right. The present research sheds light on this tension by unearthing systematic cases in which people believe lying is ethical in everyday communication and by proposing and testing a theory to explain these cases. Using both inductive and experimental approaches, I find that deception is perceived to be ethical, and individuals want to be deceived, when deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm. I identify eight implicit rules – pertaining to the targets of deception and the topic and timing of a conversation – that clarify systematic circumstances in which deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm, and I document the causal effect of each implicit rule on the endorsement of deception. I also explore how perceptions of unnecessary harm influence communicators’ use of deception in everyday life, above and beyond other moral concerns. This research provides insight into when and why people value honesty and paves the way for future research on when and why people embrace deception.

Implicit rule on the elastic function of a swollen polyacrylamide hydrogel

A full understanding of the elastic properties of hydrogels under swelling is required for their practical application in the chemical and biomedical engineering fields. This is because hydrogels are expected...

Feature-focusing constraints on implicit learning of function word and meaning associations

Recent research has begun to investigate implicit learning at the level of meaning. The general consensus is that implicitly linking a word with a meaning is constrained by existing linguistic knowledge. However, another factor to consider is the extent to which attention is drawn to the relevant meanings in implicit learning paradigms. We manipulated the presence of cue saliency during implicit rule learning for a grammatical form (i.e., articles) linked to meaning (i.e., animacy vs. varying notions of size). In a series of experiments, participants learned four novel words but did not know that article usage also depended on a hidden rule, creating an opportunity for implicit rule learning. We found implicit learning through the use of a highly salient meaning (Experiment 1) or if image size was made salient by being explicitly cued (Experiment 3), but not in a low salient paradigm for intrinsic object size (Experiment 2). The findings suggest that implicit learning of semantic information might not be as constrained as previously argued. Instead, implicit learning might be additionally influenced by feature-focusing cues that make the meaning contrasts more salient and thereby more readily available to learning.

Generalized Mann Viscosity Implicit Rules for Solving Systems of Variational Inequalities with Constraints of Variational Inclusions and Fixed Point Problems

In this work, let X be Banach space with a uniformly convex and q-uniformly smooth structure, where 1 < q ≤ 2 . We introduce and consider a generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule for treating a general optimization system of variational inequalities, a variational inclusion and a common fixed point problem of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in X. The generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule investigated in this work is based on the Korpelevich’s extragradient technique, the implicit viscosity iterative method and the Mann’s iteration method. We show that the iterative sequences governed by our generalized Mann-like viscosity implicit rule converges strongly to a solution of the general optimization system.

Strong Convergence of a New Generalized Viscosity Implicit Rule and Some Applications in Hilbert Space

In this paper, based on the very recent work by Nandal et al. (Nandal, A.; Chugh, R.; Postolache, M. Iteration process for fixed point problems and zeros of maximal monotone operators. Symmetry 2019, 11, 655.), we propose a new generalized viscosity implicit rule for finding a common element of the fixed point sets of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings and the sets of zeros of maximal monotone operators. Utilizing the main result, we first propose and investigate a new general system of generalized equilibrium problems, which includes several equilibrium and variational inequality problems as special cases, and then we derive an implicit iterative method to solve constrained multiple-set split convex feasibility problem. We further combine forward–backward splitting method and generalized viscosity implicit rule for solving monotone inclusion problem. Moreover, we apply the main result to solve convex minimization problem.

Occupy and the constitution of anarchy

This article provides the first comparative reading of the minutes of the General Assemblies of three iconic Occupy camps: Wall Street, Oakland and London. It challenges detractors who have labelled the Occupy Wall Street movement a flash-in-the-pan protest, and participant-advocates who characterised the movement anti-constitutional. Developing new research into anarchist constitutional theory, we construct a typology of anarchist constitutionalising to argue that the camps prefigured a constitutional order for a post-sovereign anarchist politics. We show that the constitutional politics of three key Occupy Wall Street camps had four main aspects: (i) declarative principles, preambles and documents; (ii) complex institutionalisation; (iii) varied democratic decision-making procedures; and (iv) explicit and implicit rule-making processes, premised on unique foundational norms. Each of these four was designed primarily to challenge and constrain different forms of global and local power, but they also provide a template for anarchistic constitutional forms that can be mimicked and linked up, as opposed to scaled up.

Abandoning statistical significance is both sensible and practical

To the Editor of JAMA Dr Ioannidis writes against our proposals to abandon statistical significance in scientific reasoning and publication, as endorsed in the editorial of a recent special issue of an American Statistical Association journal devoted to moving to a “post p<0.05 world.” We appreciate that he echoes our calls for “embracing uncertainty, avoiding hyped claims…and recognizing ‘statistical significance’ is often poorly understood.” We also welcome his agreement that the “interpretation of any result is far more complicated than just significance testing” and that “clinical, monetary, and other considerations may often have more importance than statistical findings.” Nonetheless, we disagree that a statistical significance-based “filtering process is useful to avoid drowning in noise” in science and instead view such filtering as harmful. First, the implicit rule to not publish nonsignificant results biases the literature with overestimated effect sizes and encourages “hacking” to get significance. Second, nonsignificant results are often wrongly treated as zero. Third, significant results are often wrongly treated as truth rather than as the noisy estimates they are, thereby creating unrealistic expectations of replicability. Fourth, filtering on statistical significance provides no guarantee against noise. Instead, it amplifies noise because the quantity on which the filtering is based (the p-value) is itself extremely noisy and is made more so by dichotomizing it. We also disagree that abandoning statistical significance will reduce science to “a state of statistical anarchy.” Indeed, the journal Epidemiology banned statistical significance in 1990 and is today recognized as a leader in the field. Valid synthesis requires accounting for all relevant evidence—not just the subset that attained statistical significance. Thus, researchers should report more, not less, providing estimates and uncertainty statements for all quantities, justifying any exceptions, and considering ways the results are wrong. Publication criteria should be based on evaluating study design, data quality, and scientific content—not statistical significance. Decisions are seldom necessary in scientific reporting. However, when they are required (as in clinical practice), they should be made based on the costs, benefits, and likelihoods of all possible outcomes, not via arbitrary cutoffs applied to statistical summaries such as p-values which capture little of this picture. The replication crisis in science is not the product of the publication of unreliable findings. The publication of unreliable findings is unavoidable: as the saying goes, if we knew what we were doing, it would not be called research. Rather, the replication crisis has arisen because unreliable findings are presented as reliable.