Older couples with and without cardiovascular disease: Testing associations between and among affective communication, marital satisfaction, physical and mental health.

ObjectivesTo compare the patterns of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities between people with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and people without diabetes and how these change by age, gender and deprivation over time between 2004 and 2014. Also, to develop a metric to identify most prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingPrimary and secondary care, England, UK.Participants108 588 people with T2D and 528 667 comparators registered in 391 English general practices. Each patient with T2D aged ≥16 years between January 2004 and December 2014 registered in Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD practices was matched to up to five comparators without diabetes on age, gender and general practice.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of 18 physical and mental health comorbidities in people with T2D and comparators categorised by age, gender and deprivation. Odds for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities versus comparators. A metric for comorbidities with prevalence of ≥5% and/or odds ≥2 in patients with T2D.ResultsOverall, 77% of patients with T2D had ≥1 comorbidity and all comorbidities were more prevalent in patients with T2D than in comparators. Across both groups, prevalence rates were higher in older people, women and those most socially deprived. Conditional logistic regression models fitted to estimate (OR, 95% CI) for association between T2D diagnosis and comorbidities showed that T2D diagnosis was significantly associated with higher odds for all conditions including myocardial infarction (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.46); heart failure (OR 2.12, 1.84 to 2.43); depression (OR 1.75, 1.62 to 1.89), but non-significant for cancer (OR 1.12, 0.98 to 1.28). In addition to cardiovascular disease, the metric identified osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, anxiety, schizophrenia and respiratory conditions as highly prevalent comorbidities in people with T2D.ConclusionsT2D diagnosis is associated with higher likelihood of experiencing other physical and mental illnesses. People with T2D are twice as likely to have cardiovascular disease as the general population. The findings highlight highly prevalent and under-reported comorbidities in people with T2D. These findings can inform future research and clinical guidelines and can have important implications on healthcare resource allocation and highlight the need for more holistic clinical care for people with recently diagnosed T2D.

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China—growth and social cohesion

Human: Solving the global workforce crisis in healthcare ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198836520.003.0006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Mark Britnell

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Middle Class ◽

Health System ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Older Population ◽

Quality Healthcare ◽

Healthcare Coverage ◽

Out Of Pocket Expenses

In China, the growth of the middle class, lifting so many from poverty, is enabled by the very same urbanization and industrialization that is affecting the physical and mental health of many. From cancer to diabetes, obesity to cardiovascular disease, the chronic diseases of wealth are rising rapidly in China, while the health system is failing to keep up with people’s soaring demand for quality healthcare. But it should not be forgotten how far China has already come—implementing the world’s largest basic healthcare coverage. In this chapter, Mark Britnell discusses whether it can pick up the pace in terms of the reach and depth of care provision, with many patients still incurring significant out-of-pocket expenses. Looking forward, he also analyses the developments needed in China to provide healthcare for the growing older population.

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Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2535-2548 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. L. Gall ◽

K. Sanderson ◽

K. J. Smith ◽

G. Patton ◽

T. Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Health Study ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Physical And Mental Health

BackgroundHealthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.MethodParticipants were aged 26–36 years at baseline (2004–2006) and 31–41 years at follow-up (2009–2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.ResultsA history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99–2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.ConclusionsHealthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.

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Marital satisfaction of advanced prostate cancer survivors and their spousal caregivers: the dyadic effects of physical and mental health

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1002/pon.1855 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1353-1357 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Eric S. Zhou ◽

Youngmee Kim ◽

Mikal Rasheed ◽

Catherine Benedict ◽

Natalie E. Bustillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽

Spousal Caregivers ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prostate Cancer Survivors

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Sex differences in physical and mental health following high-intensity interval training in adults with cardiovascular disease who completed cardiac rehabilitation

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2021-0265 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sol Vidal-Almela ◽

Kimberley L. Way ◽

Tasuku Terada ◽

Heather E. Tulloch ◽

Marja-Leena Keast ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Main Effects

This pre-post study examined sex-differences in peak aerobic power (V̇O2peak) and physical- and mental-health outcomes in adults with cardiovascular disease who completed high-intensity interval training (HIIT)-based cardiac rehabilitation. HIIT consisted of 25 minutes of alternating higher- (4 minutes 85-95% HRpeak) and lower- (3 minutes 60-70% HRpeak) intensity intervals twice weekly for 10 weeks. V̇O2peak estimated from a graded exercise test using the ACSM equation, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, blood biomarkers and anxiety and depression were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures were performed to examine differences over time between sexes. Of 140 participants (mean ± standard deviation: 58±9 years), 40 were female. Improvements in V̇O2peak did not differ between sexes (interaction: p=0.273, females: 28.4±6.4 to 30.9±7.6; males: 34.3±6.3 to 37.4±6.0 mL/kg/min). None of the time by sex interactions were significant. Significant main effects of time showed reductions in waist circumference, triglycerides, LDL, TC/HDL and anxiety, and increases in V̇O2peak and HDL from baseline to follow-up. Significant main effects of sex revealed smaller V̇O2peak, BMI and waist circumference, and higher LDL, TC and HDL in females than males. HIIT led to similar improvements in estimated V̇O2peak (females: 8.8%, males: 9.0%) and additional health outcomes between sexes. Novelty • HIIT-based CR led to similar improvements in estimated V̇O2peak and other physical and mental health outcomes between sexes. • The number of sessions attended was high (>70%) and did not differ by sex. • Both sexes showed good compliance with the exercise protocol (HR target).

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Longitudinal Dyadic Effects of Aging Self-Perceptions on Health

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbaa082 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ella Cohn-Schwartz ◽

Dikla Segel-Karpas ◽

Liat Ayalon

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Physical Health ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Older Couples ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Perceptions Of Aging ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objectives Adults’ perceptions of aging are known to affect their mental and physical health. However, not much is known about how perceptions of aging within the couple-unit affect each member of the unit. Therefore, the current study explores the effects of husbands’ and wives’ self-perceptions of aging (SPA) on each other’s physical and mental health, both directly and indirectly, through impacting each other’s SPA. Method The study used data from the Health and Retirement Study, focusing on couples aged 50 and older. Self-rated health and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) were used as indicators of physical and mental health. SPA was measured using the “Attitudes toward aging” subscale of the “Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale.” An actor–partner interdependence mediation model was used to examine the effects of the 2008 SPA of couples on each other’s 2012 SPA and 2016 health. Results The SPA of both husbands and wives was associated with their own future mental and physical health in 2016, but not with that of their partner. However, their SPA was associated with their partner’s health indirectly, by influencing the SPA of the partner. That is, the SPA of both husbands and wives in 2008 impacted their partner’s SPA in 2012, which was subsequently related to that partner’s mental and physical health in 2016. Discussion Older couples can influence each other’s health indirectly, by affecting each other’s SPA. This indicates that adults’ SPA are interconnected, and thus, the entire couple-unit should be targeted to enhance positive SPA.

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COVID-19 pandemic − Inequities and inequalities to exercise and their consequences on the physical and mental health of women with cardiovascular disease: recommendations on how to address the needs of women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2020-1094 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

C.D. O’Neill ◽

S. Vidal-Almela ◽

H.E. Tulloch ◽

T. Coutinho ◽

S.A. Prince ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Competing Demands

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disproportionately affects those with pre-existing conditions and has exacerbated gender inequalities. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Canadian women. Exercise improves physical and mental health and CVD management. Amid the pandemic, women are experiencing an increase in caregiving responsibilities, job insecurities, and domestic violence creating competing demands for prioritizing their health. Recommendations on how to meet the unique needs of Canadian women with CVD through exercise are provided. Novelty: Exercise recommendations amid the pandemic for women with CVD need to be flexible, feasible, and fun.

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Predict of marital satisfaction based on resilience and mental health among elderly

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v27i3.1189 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Sadat Izadi-Avanji ◽

Ali Hajibagheri ◽

Esmaeel Azizi Fini

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Marital Satisfaction ◽

Successful Aging ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

The Elderly ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Older Couples

Introduction: Marital satisfaction is one of the indicators of health and well-being in all age groups, although determinants of satisfaction among older couples are unclear. The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on resilience and mental health in the elderly population in Kashan. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 400 elderly covered by Kashan health centers in 2015. Sampling was done by multistage cluster sampling. The data were collected using marital satisfaction Enrique's Persian Questionnaire, Connor Davidson Resilience Questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and linear regression with stepwise method in SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, and version 16. Results: The results showed that the resilience (β = 0.80, p <0.001) and mental health (β = -0.14, p <0.001) were predictors of marital satisfaction. These variables explained 78% of variance in marital satisfaction in the elderly (P<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that resilience and mental health have closed relationship with marital satisfaction in the elderly. Therefore, it should help to improve the marital satisfaction and having a successful aging in the elderly by conducting educational interventions to increase resilience and promote mental health.

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