Exercise Rehabilitation Improves Heart Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

With the acceleration of the aging process, there are more and more elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure has severely affected the heart function and quality of life of the elderly. This article aims to study the further improvement of the heart function and the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic heart failure through exercise rehabilitation. In this paper, experimental analysis and comparative analysis are adopted, the experimental group and the control group are designed, the adaptive heart rate and breathing rate algorithm is adopted, the heart failure symptom assessment scale and the quality of life assessment tool are selected, and the two groups of different rehabilitation forms are compared. Data collection, sorting, and analysis of the patient’s conditions are utilized. Through the use of exercise rehabilitation, the heart failure process will be slower and the recovery of heart strength will be faster than the control group. Before the experiment, the probability of shortness of breath in the two groups of patients with chronic heart failure symptoms was as high as 84.08%, and the symptom clusters were more serious; after the experiment, the SV and EF values after exercise rehabilitation were higher than those of the control group ( p < 0.05 ). The quality of life in the realm, emotional realm, and other realms has been significantly improved. For elderly patients with chronic heart failure, reasonable exercise rehabilitation training can provide them with effective preventive measures and protective measures, improve the patients’ heart function and quality of life, and play an important and key role.

Preparation of Bismuth Tungstate Nanomaterials with Different Morphologies and Their Effect on Exercise Rehabilitation of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation

It is understood that the effect of exercise rehabilitation drugs in patients with lumbar disc herniation is poor. Some studies have shown that bismuth tungstate nanomaterials with certain morphology can treat the exercise rehabilitation of patients with lumbar disc herniation. In order to help patients with lumbar disc herniation to a certain extent, in this paper, bismuth tungstate nanomaterials with different structures and morphologies were prepared by hydrothermal method, and viscous tungsten nanomaterials with different structures and morphologies were prepared by adjusting the pH value of the solution and the concentration of CTAB. In this paper, the structure and morphology of tungsten samples with different structure and morphology were characterized by CTAB X-ray (XRD) deflection and FESEM. It was found that the morphology of the samples changed after adding 0.02 mol/L surfactant CTAB in the reaction system, and when the concentration of CTAB was 0.04 mol/L, the nanotubes were stacked together under the action of surfactant. When the concentration of CTAB increased to 0.06 mol/L, the self-assembled nanocomposites tended to be petal like.

Tratamiento del Dolor de Cuello Mediante Observación de Acciones

Recientemente se ha publicado un estudio piloto sobre la terapia de observación de acciones en el dolor de cuello crónico en la revista “Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation”, esta investigación ha sido desarrollada por el grupo de investigación Motion in Brains del CSEU La Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y liderado por el Profesor Alfonso Gil Martínez, que es un investigador dedicado al estudio del dolor crónico, dolor neuropático, las cefaleas y los trastornos del movimiento. La población de estudio fueron pacientes con dolor de cuello a los cuales se les dividió en dos grupos en que se le expuso a un protocolo de observación de acciones. En uno de los grupos observaron durante 1 minuto un video de un sujeto realizando rotaciones cervicales en todo su recorrido del movimiento y el otro grupo durante 1 minuto observaba a un sujeto realizando rotaciones sin llegar a completar el recorrido. Tras la intervención se observaron cambios significativos evaluados inmediatamente en el movimiento cervical y en el umbral de dolor a la presión en el grupo de pacientes que observaron el movimiento completo. En el grupo de pacientes que observaron el movimiento incompleto se produjo también una disminución de los umbrales de dolor a la presión. Estos resultados son prometedores a pesar de las reconocidas limitaciones que se sustraen del estudio, por ejemplo, las mediciones que se realizaron para comprobar los resultados solo se realizaron de forma inmediata con lo cual no se conoce cómo es la evolución de este efecto en el tiempo. Esta investigación aporta a la evidencia creciente sobre el efecto clínico de los procesos de imaginería y la observación de acciones en los pacientes con dolor crónico. Hemos entrevistado al profesor Gil Martínez para discutir y reflexionar sobre este tratamiento. Una de las grandes preguntas que surgen dentro de la investigación del dolor crónico y la terapia de observación de acciones es sobre los mecanismos de acción y el impacto que puede tener el tratamiento. Ante estas incógnitas el profesor Gil Martínez, hace una interesante reflexión “Muchos pacientes con dolor crónico en general y de cuello en particular, muestran cambios neuroplásticos medulares y supramedulares que cursan con alteraciones del rango de movimiento articular y del control motor. Estudios previos han informado que la visualización de imágenes puede tener un efecto beneficioso sobre la discriminación de la lateralidad, la percepción del dolor o el rango de movimiento. El impacto sobre estos pacientes aumentaría si, además de la observación de imágenes, se incluye la observación de acciones y la imaginación del propio movimiento. Esta terapia también podría tener un impacto social y económico importante, ya que se trata de una terapia susceptible de ser utilizada por una amplísima parte de la población con patologías que cursen con alteraciones similares a las comentadas con anterioridad y con un coste económico muy bajo.” “La terapia de observación de acciones podría tener un impacto social y económico importante, ya que se trata de una terapia susceptible de ser utilizada por una amplísima parte de la población” La evidencia científica sobre los procesos de imaginería motora y observación de acciones desde el punto de vista clínico va en aumento y desde el punto de vista neurofisiológico es abundante, a pesar de esto en la práctica clínica de las diversas profesiones de las ciencias de la rehabilitación estos tratamientos aún no se terminan de implementar en la praxis del día a día. Posiblemente, aún no se han dado a conocer los aportes de estos tratamientos frente a otros tratamientos de fisioterapia. En relación a este tema el profesor Gil Martínez añade que “Estos tratamientos frente a otras terapias, aportan la facilidad de uso tanto para pacientes como para fisioterapeutas. Además, podría reducir el riesgo de cronificación en patologías que requieran inmovilizaciones prologadas. Esta terapia aporta un feedback visual importante que permite a los pacientes poder activar vías neuronales relacionadas con la acción de moverse sin necesidad de hacerlo físicamente. En mi opinión, este tipo de tratamientos podría utilizarse inicialmente en aquellos pacientes que se encuentren encamados y que derivado de su patología no puedan realizar movimientos voluntarios o que la realización de estos provoque demasiada irritación y dolor. Además, podría ser una buena técnica cuando un paciente no ejecuta adecuadamente un movimiento o un ejercicio por una alteración del control motor (quirúrgica o no), ya que, esta observación de acciones podría influir tanto para la planificación como para la ejecución del movimiento.” “Esta terapia aporta un feedback visual importante que permite a los pacientes poder activar vías neuronales relacionadas con la acción de moverse sin necesidad de hacerlo físicamente” Finalmente sugiere que este tipo de tratamientos podrían implementarse en la práctica clínica de la fisioterapia tanto en la sanidad pública y privada relativamente fácil. “Simplemente se necesitaría una pantalla de ordenador, tablet, móvil, una TV para poder reproducir las acciones previamente seleccionadas. En el caso de querer profundizar más en el realismo de la propia acción observada, el uso de nuevas tecnologías mediante aplicaciones o inmersión virtual, podrían ser buenas opciones. Otro paso en la implementación clínica sería la formación a los profesionales en su uso y en el conocimiento de los mecanismos neurofisiológicos incluyendo el sistema de neuronas espejo descubierto casualmente en 1996 por el equipo de investigación del Dr. Giacomo Razzolatti”

Monte Carlo Algorithm-Based Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Prognosis Prediction in Analysis of Rehabilitation Effect of Exercise Learning on Stroke Patients and Influencing Factors of Memory Function

Based on Monte Carlo algorithm and multimodal MRI diagnosis, the effect of motor learning on motor memory function recovery in stroke patients was investigated in this research. A total of 26 stroke patients with hemiplegia treated in hospital in the past three years were recruited. Patients were rolled into routine group (13 cases) and experimental group (13 cases) according to different follow-up rehabilitation methods. All patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis. After treatment, the conventional group received conventional rehabilitation therapy and the experimental group received restraint induced exercise therapy (CIMT). Then, T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, 3D anatomical imaging, and resting state examinations were performed on the patients before and after treatment. All image data and image processing were performed by the Monte Carlo algorithm. Before treatment and six weeks after rehabilitation treatment, the patients’ mental state and memory function were tested using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In addition, the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, the simple test for evaluating hand function, and the modified Barthel index were used to evaluate the patient’s ability of daily living. After processing, the quality of multimode MRI image was improved obviously, and the lesion was more prominent. The fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of supplement motor area in stroke patients increased after treatment combined with exercise rehabilitation ( P < 0.05 ) and ReHo decreased compared with that before treatment. The connection function of the left and right hippocampus was enhanced. The difference in ACE-III (experimental group: 16 versus 21; control group: 17.1 versus 19) scores between the two groups after treatment and before treatment was remarkable ( P < 0.05 ), but the score of patients in experimental group improved better. The MoCA (experimental group: 24.38 versus 26.47; control group: 23.13 versus 23.37) scores of the two groups of patients changed greatly from those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ), and the MoCA score ratio between the two groups was also statistically different (26.47 versus 23.37; P < 0.05 ). There was a statistical difference in the living ability of the two groups of patients before and after treatment ( P < 0.05 ). The Monte Carlo algorithm had a good processing effect on multimodal MRI images. The recovery of the experimental group was evidently better, and the difference between the two groups was substantial ( P < 0.05 ). CIMT had a good effect on the recovery of exercise rehabilitation and memory function of patients with ischemic stroke.

Home-based rehabilitation in patients over 60 with stabilized ankylosing spondylitis during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has become a significant healthcare issue, particularly challenging for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), because immune-related diseases and their treatments could adversely affect the susceptibility to or severity of a viral infection. OBJECTIVE: This study is conducted to present an exercise rehabilitation program that patients older than 60 years with AS can do at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Three Delphi surveys were conducted to reach a consensus on home-based rehabilitation programs. This study recruited ten experts and performed three Delphi rounds for a month. RESULTS: The expert panel suggested that home-based rehabilitation for the patients should be carried out with a clear rehabilitation goal. Their final recommendations are to institute a program aimed to ease symptoms, such as pain and stiffness; encourage patients to consult with experts regularly to ensure that they perform exercise rehabilitation properly at home; add fast walking and stretching to the rehabilitation program; and see if indoor cycling, Pilates, or yoga could be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients with AS over 60 should repeat low-intensity exercises, such as stretching, for an hour a day, four to six times a week during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exercise-Based Stroke Rehabilitation: Clinical Considerations Following the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic attributable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant and continuing impact across all areas of healthcare including stroke. Individuals post-stroke are at high risk for infection, disease severity, and mortality after COVID-19 infection. Exercise stroke rehabilitation programs remain critical for individuals recovering from stroke to mitigate risk factors and morbidity associated with the potential long-term consequences of COVID-19. There is currently no exercise rehabilitation guidance for people post-stroke with a history of COVID-19 infection. Purpose. To (1) review the multi-system pathophysiology of COVID-19 related to stroke and exercise; (2) discuss the multi-system benefits of exercise for individuals post-stroke with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection; and (3) provide clinical considerations related to COVID-19 for exercise during stroke rehabilitation. This article is intended for healthcare professionals involved in the implementation of exercise rehabilitation for individuals post-stroke who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and non-infected individuals who want to receive safe exercise rehabilitation. Results. Our clinical considerations integrate pre-COVID-19 stroke (n = 2) and COVID-19 exercise guidelines for non-stroke populations (athletic [n = 6], pulmonary [n = 1], cardiac [n = 2]), COVID-19 pathophysiology literature, considerations of stroke rehabilitation practices, and exercise physiology principles. A clinical decision-making tool for COVID-19 screening and eligibility for stroke exercise rehabilitation is provided, along with key subjective and physiological measures to guide exercise prescription. Conclusion. We propose that this framework promotes safe exercise programming within stroke rehabilitation for COVID-19 and future infectious disease outbreaks.

Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance

Poor reporting of medical and healthcare systematic reviews is a problem from which the sports and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science fields are not immune. Transparent, accurate and comprehensive systematic review reporting helps researchers replicate methods, readers understand what was done and why, and clinicians and policy-makers implement results in practice. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement and its accompanying Explanation and Elaboration document provide general reporting examples for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. However, implementation guidance for sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation, and sports science does not exist. The Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science (PERSiST) guidance attempts to address this problem. Nineteen content experts collaborated with three methods experts to identify examples of exemplary reporting in systematic reviews in sport and exercise medicine (including physical activity), musculoskeletal rehabilitation (including physiotherapy), and sports science, for each of the PRISMA 2020 Statement items. PERSiST aims to help: (1) systematic reviewers improve the transparency and reporting of systematic reviews and (2) journal editors and peer reviewers make informed decisions about systematic review reporting quality.

Indirect Structural Muscle Injuries of Lower Limb: Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Exercise

Muscle injuries are the most common trauma in team and individual sports. The muscles most frequently affected are those of the lower limb, and in particular hamstrings, adductors, rectus femoris and calf muscles. Although several scientific studies have tried to propose different rehabilitation protocols, still too often the real rehabilitation process is not based on scientific knowledge, especially in non-elite athletes. Moreover, the growing use of physical and instrumental therapies has made it increasingly difficult to understand what can be truly effective. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to review proposed therapeutic algorithms for muscle injuries, proposing a concise and practical summary. Following a three-phase rehabilitation protocol, this review aims to describe the conservative treatment of indirect structural muscle injuries, which are the more routinely found and more challenging type. For each phase, until return to training and return to sport are completed, the functional goal, the most appropriate practitioner, and the best possible treatment according to current evidence are expressed. Finally, the last section is focused on the specific exercise rehabilitation for the four main muscle groups with a structured explanatory timetable.