Supplemental Material for Strengths and Weaknesses of the Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) Facebook Project

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Black Men

scholarly journals Stereotyping Among Graduate Students in Mental Health Fields: An EEG Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley B. Webber ◽  
Firat Soylu ◽  
Joy J. Burnham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Women ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Multicultural Awareness ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Implicit Stereotyping ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Behavioral Markers

Counselors are obligated to work effectively with diverse groups, yet human tendencies towards stereotyping and biases can impede counselors’ efforts. Understanding implicit social cognition and factors that might affect it is important because implicit stereotyping and biases can have effects in counselors’ work. In this study we hypothesized that graduate students in mental health fields would show indicators of stereotyping in an implicit experiment. The experiment utilized neural and behavioral dependent measures (N400 event-related potential component and reaction time) to indicate stereotyping. We also hypothesized that mindful observing and multicultural awareness would moderate stereotyping effects. Our first hypothesis was partially supported, as participants showed neural and behavioral markers of stereotyping towards black men and white women. Our hypotheses regarding moderators were not supported, as these stereotyping effects were not moderated by mindful observing or multicultural awareness. Implications for counseling practice and research are discussed.

scholarly journals Improving the Living, Learning, and Thriving of Young Black Men: A Conceptual Framework for Reflection and Projection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne C. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Mental Health Challenges ◽  
And Gender

Black men experience disproportionate mental health challenges due to their exposure to severe psychosocial stressors. Yet, the mental health challenges of Black men have largely been left out of national conversations. Strong theoretical frameworks are important when generating dialogue about the mental health of Black men, as it helps to validate the work on a larger scale while also grounding the work for more practical use. This paper presents the conceptual framework for a five-year initiative aimed at improving the living, learning, and thriving of young Black men through a social media intervention that improves their mental health, expands their definitions of manhood, and helps them to engage in social support. The Young, Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) project is a social media-based, health promotion program that targets mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms), masculine norms (e.g., definitions of manhood), and social support for young Black men using culturally-sensitive, age-appropriate, and gender-specific popular culture. The YBMen project has been successfully implemented with over 150+ Black men since 2014; findings demonstrate improved mental health outcomes, progressive definitions of manhood, and stronger social relationships. Reflections from the past and projections for the future are discussed.

Adherence to Masculine Norms and Depressive Symptoms in Young Black Men

Social Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Janelle R Goodwill ◽  
Natasha C Johnson ◽  
Daphne C Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract Recent reports have highlighted disparities in representation of Black men within research, calling for more work to be done with this group. The authors take up this call by exploring whether adherence to masculine norms influences mental health outcomes among young Black men. The sample included survey responses from 18- to 30-year-old Black men (N = 273) enrolled at five colleges and universities in the midwestern United States. Two theoretically relevant subscales from the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (that is, self-reliance and emotional control) were used to measure adherence to masculine norms, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the model fit the data well. Furthermore, self-reliance was associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms (β = .358, p < .001), but emotional control was not (β = .137, p = .099). Study findings suggest that depression treatment interventions should be tailored to incorporate aspects of masculinity that are most salient to young Black men. In addition, social work researchers, clinicians, and service providers are uniquely positioned to contribute to the promotion of mental wellness among this underserved population and should be prepared to attend to young Black men’s mental health needs.

scholarly journals An Online Behavioral Health Intervention Promoting Mental Health, Manhood, and Social Support for Young Black Men: The YBMen Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832093721
Author(s):  
Daphne C. Watkins ◽  
Janelle R. Goodwill ◽  
Natasha C. Johnson ◽  
Allura Casanova ◽  
Tao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Behavioral Health Care ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Conformity To Masculine Norms ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
And Gender

Conventional definitions of mental health, manhood, and social support create barriers to accessing behavioral health care for Black men ages 18 to 30. Targeted behavioral health interventions sensitive to culture, social norms, and gender that circumvent these barriers are desperately needed to improve access and integrated care for this group. This article reports mixed methods findings from the 2017 iteration of the Young Black Men, Masculinities, and Mental Health (YBMen) project, a social media–based, psychoeducational program that promotes mental health, progressive definitions of manhood, and sustainable social support for Black men. Young Black men ( n = 350) across two universities in the Midwest completed baseline surveys on their mental health, definitions of manhood, and social support. Forty of the men participated in the YBMen intervention and at postintervention reported experiencing fewer depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, Z = −2.05, p < .01) and the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS; Z = −1.76, p < .05). There were also changes on the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI) for Self-Reliance ( Z = −0.34, p = .26) and Heterosexual Self-Presentation ( Z = −0.18, p = .59), though these changes were not statistically significant. A qualitative review of postintervention interviews revealed participants’ appreciation of the YBMen project and its influence on their mental health, manhood, and social support. Programmatic efforts that support the behavioral health, positive development, and social relationships of Black men translate into positive families, communities, and experiences as they live, learn, love, and work over the life course.

scholarly journals The MHISTREET: Barbershop Embedded Education Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnemdi Kamanu Elias ◽  
Alfred Larbi ◽  
Kevin Washington ◽  
Erin Athey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Disorders

The United States (US) is in the midst of a mental health crisis. More than one in four (26.2%) adults experience a diagnosable mental health disorder each year, and 46% of the population will do so in their lifetime. Collectively, mental health disorders are a leading cause of disability and account for one-third of all years lived with disability and premature mortality. Black Americans constitute about 12% of the US population, but they make up more than 18% of the population affected by mental disorders. Black men are 30% more likely than non-Hispanic white men to report having a mental illness but are less likely to receive proper diagnosis and treatment. Black adults are 20% more likely to report serious psychological distress than white adults. Despite this, many Black people do not seek mental health care for various reasons. Causes of higher morbidity and non-care seeking behavior in Black people and Black men in particular include racism, discrimination, stigma, and distrust of the healthcare system. Across the District of Columbia (DC), Black Americans are twice as likely as other ethnicities to report a serious mental disorder, especially if they live in poverty and did not complete high school. In the project service area of Ward 8 in Southeast DC, 92% of the population is Black, 30.7% live in poverty, and only 85% of the population age 25+ completed high school. Evidence shows common mental health disorders are distributed according to a gradient of economic disadvantage across society; the poor and disadvantaged suffer disproportionately from common mental health disorders. In Southeast DC, this negative impact on mental health is compounded by the geographic concentration of underemployment, lack of economic opportunity, poverty, and underutilization of mental health services. Improving mental health literacy is a non-systemic intervention shown to increase mental health care-seeking behaviors. Mental health literacy is the knowledge of, attitude about, and behavior toward mental health issues and mental health services. The goal of the Mental Health Improvement through Study, Teaching, Rebranding, Embedded Education, and Technology or (MHISTREET) initiative is to improve mental health in Black men through embedded education in non-traditional spaces such as barbershops.

scholarly journals Black men’s conversations about mental health through photos

2020 ◽  
pp. 147332502092229
Author(s):  
Frank Keating
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Research Action

This paper presents findings from a photovoice project that was aimed at engaging with a diverse range of black men in a London Borough. The key objectives were to find a different way to get men to talk about their concerns and to raise awareness about mental health. Photovoice is a participatory research action technique that was developed to enable communities to document their concerns and experiences of community life that is meaningful to them. Nineteen men participated in the project. It has been suggested that men, in particular, black men do not find it easy to talk about mental health issues. This study found that through the use of photovoice methods, black men were able to talk about a range of emotions when they were offered the right medium and safe spaces to share their experiences. It found that they can and want to take control of their lives, but at times may require life skills training. Another finding was that black men have to balance expectations about being strong whilst ‘containing’ vulnerabilities in racialised contexts – being hard on the outside and human on the inside, and that their experiences are characterised by journeys of significant struggle and resilience in the face of adversity. The paper concludes that mental health services should find ways of engaging with black men differently, i.e. reaching out rather than the traditional mantra of ‘outreach’.

Racial Battle Fatigue and Mental Health in Black Men

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delila Owens ◽  
Shanice Lockhart ◽  
Dana Y. Matthews ◽  
Tanya J. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Black Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Battle Fatigue

The experiences of Black men in the United States are significantly different from men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. Black men have to deal with racism on a daily basis. Understanding of the effects of daily racism and its implications is limited. Racial battle fatigue is a relatively new concept in the field of mental health. The current chapter discusses the concept of racial battle fatigue and its effects on Black men. The authors discuss both the physical and psychological effects of daily racism on the health of Black men.

Racial Battle Fatigue and Mental Health in Black Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
Delila Owens ◽  
Shanice Lockhart ◽  
Dana Y. Matthews ◽  
Tanya J. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Black Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Battle Fatigue

The experiences of Black men in the United States are significantly different from men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. Black men have to deal with racism on a daily basis. Understanding of the effects of daily racism and its implications is limited. Racial battle fatigue is a relatively new concept in the field of mental health. The current chapter discusses the concept of racial battle fatigue and its effects on Black men. The authors discuss both the physical and psychological effects of daily racism on the health of Black men.

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