Reframing Metacognitive Interpretation of Difficulty of Anagram Task

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Autin ◽  
Jean-Claude Croizet
Keyword(s):  
Anagram Task

Relation Between Level of Prefrontal Activity and Subject's Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Casini ◽  
Françoise Macar ◽  
Marie-Hélène Giard
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Practice Phase ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Mechanism

Abstract The experiment reported here was aimed at determining whether the level of brain activity can be related to performance in trained subjects. Two tasks were compared: a temporal and a linguistic task. An array of four letters appeared on a screen. In the temporal task, subjects had to decide whether the letters remained on the screen for a short or a long duration as learned in a practice phase. In the linguistic task, they had to determine whether the four letters could form a word or not (anagram task). These tasks allowed us to compare the level of brain activity obtained in correct and incorrect responses. The current density measures recorded over prefrontal areas showed a relationship between the performance and the level of activity in the temporal task only. The level of activity obtained with correct responses was lower than that obtained with incorrect responses. This suggests that a good temporal performance could be the result of an efficacious, but economic, information-processing mechanism in the brain. In addition, the absence of this relation in the anagram task results in the question of whether this relation is specific to the processing of sensory information only.

A Standard Anagram Task

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Ammons ◽  
C. H. Ammons
Keyword(s):  
Anagram Task

Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Parents at Risk for Child Physical Abuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Crouch ◽  
Regina Hiraoka ◽  
Thomas R. McCanne ◽  
Gim Reo ◽  
Michael F. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Anagram Task

The present study examined heart rate and heart rate variability (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) in a sample of 48 general population parents (41.7% fathers), who were either at high risk ( n = 24) or low risk ( n = 24) for child physical abuse. During baseline assessments of heart rate and RSA, parents sat quietly for 3 min. Afterward, parents were presented with a series of anagrams (either easy or difficult) and were instructed to solve as many anagrams as possible in 3 min. As expected, high-risk (compared with low-risk) parents evinced significantly higher resting heart rate and significantly lower resting RSA. During the anagram task, high-risk parents did not evince significant changes in heart rate or RSA relative to baseline levels. In contrast, low-risk parents evinced significant increases in heart rate and significant decreases in RSA during the anagram task. Contrary to expectations, the anagram task difficulty did not moderate the study findings. Collectively, this pattern of results is consistent with the notion that high-risk parents have chronically higher levels of physiological arousal relative to low-risk parents and exhibit less physiological flexibility in response to environmental demands. High-risk parents may benefit from interventions that include components that reduce physiological arousal and increase the capacity to regulate arousal effectively.

Anagram Task Intrinsic Motivation Scale

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy P. Zapata-Phelan ◽  
Jason A. Colquitt ◽  
Brent A. Scott ◽  
Beth Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Motivation Scale

Assessment of intolerance of uncertainty: Validation of a modified anagram task

2021 ◽  
pp. 101671
Author(s):  
Emily M. O'Bryan ◽  
Jessica R. Beadel ◽  
Alison C. McLeish ◽  
Bethany A. Teachman
Keyword(s):  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Anagram Task

Anagram Solution Time and Effects of Distraction, Sex Differences, and Anxiety

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Papsdorf ◽  
David P. Himle ◽  
Barbara S. McCann ◽  
Bruce A. Thyer
Keyword(s):  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Anagram Solution ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

A single-solution anagram task was administered to high and low test-anxious 32 male and 32 female undergraduates under conditions of high and low external distraction. No significant main effects were found linking solution times to either test-anxiety level or the presence or absence of distracting stimuli. Following a planned post hoc analysis which assigned the anagrams into ‘hard’ or ‘easy’ categories, a significant main effect for level of test anxiety was found for the ‘hard’ anagrams, indicating that test anxiety debilitates performance only when the criterion task is especially difficult. Difficulty of anagrams also significantly interacted with subjects' sex, test anxiety, and distraction. The results are discussed in terms of the hypotheses that distracting stimuli may produce increases in arousal during difficult tasks and that these increments may either compromise or improve performance, depending upon the level of test anxiety which is viewed as a determinant of the initial arousal level of the subject.

Departures from optimal stopping in an anagram task

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Baron ◽  
Peter C. Badgio ◽  
Yaacov Ritov
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Stopping ◽  
Anagram Task

High Construal Level Reduces Overoptimistic Performance Prediction

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Yan ◽  
Songhui Hou ◽  
Alexander Unger
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Task Duration ◽  
Future Events ◽  
High Level ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Overoptimistic performance prediction is a very common feature of people's goal-directed behavior. In this study we examined overoptimistic prediction as a function of construal level. In construal level theory an explanation is set out with regard to how people make predictions through the abstract connections between past and future events, with high-level construal bridging near and distant events. We conducted 2 experiments to confirm our hypothesis that, compared with people with local, concrete construals, people with global, abstract construals would make predictions that were less overoptimistic. In Study 1 we manipulated construal level by priming mindset, and participants (n = 81) predicted the level of their productivity in an anagram task. The results supported our hypothesis. In Study 2, in order to improve the generalizability of the conclusion, we varied the manipulation of the construal level by priming a scenario, and measured performance prediction by having the participants (n = 119) estimate task duration. The results showed that high-level construal consistently decreased overoptimistic prediction, supporting our hypothesis. The theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.

scholarly journals You’d better decide first: overt and covert decisions improve metacognitive accuracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Siedlecka ◽  
Zuzanna Skóra ◽  
Borysław Paulewicz ◽  
Michał Wierzchoń
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Rating ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Decision Accuracy ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Metacognitive Accuracy

AbstractHow can we assess the accuracy of our decisions? Recent theoretical and empirical work suggest that confidence in one’s decision is influenced by the characteristics of motor response in a preceding decisional task. In this paper we present experiment designed to test whether decision itself can also inform confidence and therefore increase its accuracy. We tested 143 participants who solved an anagram-solving task in one of 3 conditions: participants either rated their confidence immediately after responding to the anagram task (overt decision), rated their confidence immediately after making a decision but without overt response (covered decision), or rated their confidence before both deciding and responding. The results showed significant relationship between decision accuracy and confidence level in each condition, however this relation was stronger when confidence rating followed decision, either covert or overt. We argue that completing a decisionmaking process increases metacognitive accuracy.

Combined Effects of Normative Information and Task Difficulty on the Goal Commitment-Performance Relationship

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Ann Martin ◽  
Donald J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Anagram Task ◽  
Goal Condition ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
Interaction Task ◽  
And Task

The role of normative information, task difficulty and goal commitment on task performance in an assigned goal condition was investigated in a laboratory study using 209 student volunteers. The experiment was a 2 (task difficulty) by 2 (normative information) factorial design. All subjects received assigned difficult goals and normative information indicating how previous individuals had performed on one of two versions of an anagram task (easy or difficult) after which subjects indicated their goal commitment and completed anagrams for a short work period. Results indicated a significant 3-way interaction (task difficulty, normative information and goal commitment) on task performance. Findings suggest that goal commitment moderates the effects of normative information and task difficulty on task performance.

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