Identification of a common oncofoetal protein in x-ray and chemically induced rat gastrointestinal tumours

Using a chemically induced transition in an FeCl2 solution, γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be prepared from an amorphous precursor composed of FeOOH and Mg (OH)2. Surface modification by adding ZnCl2 during liquid-phase synthesis was attempted. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure, and chemical species of as-prepared samples were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results showed that the surface of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles can be modified by adding ZnCl2 to form composite nanoparticles with a γ-Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4 ferrite core coated with Zn (OH)2 and absorbed FeCl36H2O; this modification can be enhanced by additional NaOH.

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Rubber-Modified Glassy Amorphous Polymers Prepared via Chemically Induced Phase Separation. 2. Mode of Microscopic Deformation Studied by in-Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering during Tensile Deformation

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/ma001810y ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (12) ◽

pp. 4007-4018 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

B. J. P. Jansen ◽

S. Rastogi ◽

H. E. H. Meijer ◽

P. J. Lemstra

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Small Angle ◽

Tensile Deformation ◽

Amorphous Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Microscopic Deformation ◽

Ray Scattering

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2-Butoxyethanol Female-Rat Model of Hemolysis and Disseminated Thrombosis: X-Ray Characterization of Osteonecrosis and Growth-Plate Suppression

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/019262390908362 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 272-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Danielle N. Lewis ◽

Abraham Nyska ◽

Kennita Johnson ◽

David E. Malarkey ◽

Sandy Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Plate ◽

Rat Model ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Female Rat ◽

X Ray ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Radiography System ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Final Treatment

We recently proposed a chemically induced rat model for human hemolytic disorders associated with thrombosis. The objective of the present investigation was to apply a noninvasive, high-magnification X-ray analysis, the Faxitron radiography system, to characterize the protracted bone damage associated with this 2-butoxyethanol model and to validate it by histopathology. Groups of female Fischer 344 rats were given 0, 250, or 300 mg of 2-butoxyethanol/kg body weight daily for 4 consecutive days. Groups were then sacrificed 2 hours or 26 days after the final treatment. The treated animals displayed a darkened purple-red discoloration on the distal tail. Histopathological evaluation, including phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining of animals sacrificed 2 hours after the final treatment, revealed disseminated thrombosis and infarction in multiple organs, including bones. The Faxitron MX-20 specimen radiography system was used to image selected bones of rats sacrificed 26 days posttreatment. Premature thinning of the growth plate occurred in the calcaneus, lumbar and coccygeal vertebrae, femur, and ilium of the treated animals. Areas of decreased radiographic densities were seen in the diaphysis of the femur of all treated animals. The bones were then examined histologically and showed a range of changes, including loss or damage to growth plates and necrosis of cortical bone. No thrombi were seen in the animals sacrificed at 30 days, but bone and growth plate changes consistent with prior ischemia were noted. The Faxitron proved to be an excellent noninvasive tool that can be used in future studies with this animal model to examine treatment modalities for the chronic effects of human thrombotic disorders.

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X-ray- and chemically induced germ-line mutation causing phenotypical anomalies in mice

Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/0027-5107(88)90008-5 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 198 (2) ◽

pp. 309-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Taisei Nomura

Keyword(s):

Germ Line ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Germ Line Mutation

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MPH1, A Yeast Gene Encoding a DEAH Protein, Plays a Role in Protection of the Genome From Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Damage

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.3.1069 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (3) ◽

pp. 1069-1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jürgen Scheller ◽

Anke Schürer ◽

Christian Rudolph ◽

Stefan Hettwer ◽

Wilfried Kramer

Keyword(s):

Uv Light ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

X Rays ◽

Wild Type ◽

Yeast Gene ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Epistatic Interactions ◽

Mutator Phenotype ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemically Induced

Abstract We have characterized the MPH1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mph1 mutants display a spontaneous mutator phenotype. Homologs were found in archaea and in the EST libraries of Drosophila, mouse, and man. Mph1 carries the signature motifs of the DEAH family of helicases. Selected motifs were shown to be necessary for MPH1 function by introducing missense mutations. Possible indirect effects on translation and splicing were excluded by demonstrating nuclear localization of the protein and splicing proficiency of the mutant. A mutation spectrum did not show any conspicuous deviations from wild type except for an underrepresentation of frameshift mutations. The mutator phenotype was dependent on REV3 and RAD6. The mutant was sensitive to MMS, EMS, 4-NQO, and camptothecin, but not to UV light and X rays. Epistasis analyses were carried out with representative mutants from various repair pathways (msh6, mag1, apn1, rad14, rad52, rad6, mms2, and rev3). No epistatic interactions were found, either for the spontaneous mutator phenotype or for MMS, EMS, and 4-NQO sensitivity. mph1 slightly increased the UV sensitivity of mms2, rad6, and rad14 mutants, but no effect on X-ray sensitivity was observed. These data suggest that MPH1 is not part of a hitherto known repair pathway. Possible functions are discussed.

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Preparation and Characterization of a Magnetic Binary System Comprise of γ-Fe2O3 and α-FeO(OH) Nanoparticles

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 852 ◽

pp. 264-271

Author(s):

Xiao Min Gong ◽

Jian Li ◽

Jun Ming Li ◽

Hong Mao

Keyword(s):

Volume Ratio ◽

Transformation Method ◽

Mixed Solution ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Naoh Solution ◽

Low Crystalline

Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared from a low crystalline ferrihydrite (Fe5O7(OH)·4H2O) precursor by a chemically-induced transformation method using mixed FeCl2/NaOH solution. The products obtained were characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Experimental results show that while the concentration of NaOH was 0.17 mol/L, and the FeCl2 concentration was increased from 0.09 mol/L to 0.42 mol/L in the mixed solution, the as-prepared products were binary nanoparticle systems comprised of ferrimagnetic γ-Fe2O3 sphere-type particles and antiferromagnetic α-FeO(OH) rod-type particles. The resulting particles were highly crystalline. The volume ratio of γ-Fe2O3 and α-FeO(OH) particles was estimated from magnetization data, which showed that the volume of γ-Fe2O3 particles decreased and α-FeO(OH) particles increased with increasing FeCl2 concentration. Such nanoparticle systems could be suitable for synthesis of binary ferrofluids, which have different behavior to conventional ferrofluids.

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Characterization of Co-Modified γ-Fe2O3 Based Composite Nanoparticles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.11 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 633 ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

Jun Ming Li ◽

Jian Li ◽

Long Long Chen ◽

Xiao Min Gong ◽

Hong Mao

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Molar Mass ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Vibrating Sample Magnetometry ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Anisotropic Constant

During the synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using a chemically-induced transition in a FeCl2 solution, Co-surface modification was attempted by adding Co (NO3)2 and NaOH to the solution. The magnetization behaviors, morphologies, crystal structure, and chemical compositions of the as-prepared samples were characterized using vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-prepared particles consisted of γ-Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 composite crystallite and a CoCl2·6H2O coating. The molar, mass and volume ratios of the phases were estimated from the characterization results for each sample. The Co-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles’ anisotropic constant is approximately 1.48×10-1 J/cm3. Their coercivity depends on the size of composite crystallites, which is based on the γ-Fe2O3/CoFe2O4 content rather than the Co content.

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Interfibrillar stiffening of echinoderm mutable collagenous tissue demonstrated at the nanoscale

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1609341113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (42) ◽

pp. E6362-E6371 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jingyi Mo ◽

Sylvain F. Prévost ◽

Liisa M. Blowes ◽

Michaela Egertová ◽

Nicholas J. Terrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Testing ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Neural Control ◽

Fibrillar Structure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Collagenous Tissue ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Collagenous Tissues

The mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) of echinoderms (e.g., sea cucumbers and starfish) is a remarkable example of a biological material that has the unique attribute, among collagenous tissues, of being able to rapidly change its stiffness and extensibility under neural control. However, the mechanisms of MCT have not been characterized at the nanoscale. Using synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction to probe time-dependent changes in fibrillar structure during in situ tensile testing of sea cucumber dermis, we investigate the ultrastructural mechanics of MCT by measuring fibril strain at different chemically induced mechanical states. By measuring a variable interfibrillar stiffness (EIF), the mechanism of mutability at the nanoscale can be demonstrated directly. A model of stiffness modulation via enhanced fibrillar recruitment is developed to explain the biophysical mechanisms of MCT. Understanding the mechanisms of MCT quantitatively may have applications in development of new types of mechanically tunable biomaterials.

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Chemically Induced Splay Nematic Phase with Micron Scale Periodicity

10.26434/chemrxiv.10009007 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Perri Connor ◽

Richard Mandle

Keyword(s):

Nematic Phase ◽

Orientational Order ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

Structure Property Relationships ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Crystal Phases ◽

Optical Textures

Nematic liquid crystals lack positional order of their constituent molecules, which share an average orientational order only. Modulated nematic liquid crystal phases also lack positional order, but possess a periodic variation in this direction of average orientation. In the recently discovered splay nematic (NS) phase the average orientational order is augmented with a periodic splay deformation of orientation perpendicular to the director. In this communication we report the first example of a splay nematic phase which is chemically induced by mixing two materials, neither of which exhibit the NS phase. The splay-nematic phase is identified based on its optical textures, X-ray scattering patterns, and small enthalpy of the associated phase transition. We measure the splay periodicity optically, finding it to be ~ 9 μm. This unexpected generation of the splay-nematic phase through binary mixtures offers a new route to materials which exhibit this phase which complements ongoing studies into structure-property relationships and could accelerate the development of technologies utilising this remarkable polar nematic variant.

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Chemically Induced Splay Nematic Phase with Micron Scale Periodicity

10.26434/chemrxiv.10009007.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Perri Connor ◽

Richard Mandle

Keyword(s):

Nematic Phase ◽

Orientational Order ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Structure Property ◽

X Ray ◽

Structure Property Relationships ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Crystal Phases ◽

Optical Textures

Nematic liquid crystals lack positional order of their constituent molecules, which share an average orientational order only. Modulated nematic liquid crystal phases also lack positional order, but possess a periodic variation in this direction of average orientation. In the recently discovered splay nematic (NS) phase the average orientational order is augmented with a periodic splay deformation of orientation perpendicular to the director. In this communication we report the first example of a splay nematic phase which is chemically induced by mixing two materials, neither of which exhibit the NS phase. The splay-nematic phase is identified based on its optical textures, X-ray scattering patterns, and small enthalpy of the associated phase transition. We measure the splay periodicity optically, finding it to be ~ 9 μm. This unexpected generation of the splay-nematic phase through binary mixtures offers a new route to materials which exhibit this phase which complements ongoing studies into structure-property relationships and could accelerate the development of technologies utilising this remarkable polar nematic variant.

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