Variations in the WNK1 gene modulates the effect of dietary intake of sodium and potassium on blood pressure determination

AbstractThe direction and magnitude of the association between sodium and potassium excretion and blood pressure (BP) may differ depending on the characteristics of the study participant or the intake assessment method. Our objective was to assess the relationship between BP, hypertension and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion among Chinese adults. A total of 1424 provincially representative Chinese residents aged 18 to 69 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2017 that included demographic data, physical measurements and 24-h urine collection. In this study, the average 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio were 3811.4 mg/day, 1449.3 mg/day, and 4.9, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary sodium excretion was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.64 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–1.24) and diastolic BP (0.45 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and each 1000 mg difference in 24-h urinary potassium excretion was inversely associated with systolic BP (− 3.07 mm Hg; 95% CI − 4.57 to − 1.57) and diastolic BP (− 0.94 mm Hg; 95% CI − 1.87 to − 0.02). The sodium-to-potassium ratio was significantly associated with systolic BP (0.78 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.42–1.13) and diastolic BP (0.31 mm Hg; 95% CI 0.10–0.53) per 1-unit increase. These associations were mainly driven by the hypertensive group. Those with a sodium intake above about 4900 mg/24 h or with a potassium intake below about 1000 mg/24 h had a higher risk of hypertension. At higher but not lower levels of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, potassium can better blunt the sodium-BP relationship. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of excretion were 0.54 (95% CI 0.35–0.84) for potassium and 1.71 (95% CI 1.16–2.51) for the sodium-to-potassium ratio, while the corresponding OR for sodium was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% CI 0.83–1.98). Our results showed that the sodium intake was significantly associated with BP among hypertensive patients and the inverse association between potassium intake and BP was stronger and involved a larger fraction of the population, especially those with a potassium intake below 1000 mg/24 h should probably increase their potassium intake.

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Faster oscillometric manometry does not sacrifice the accuracy of blood pressure determination

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

10.1097/01.mbp.0000130430.78823.42 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Masaru Sugimachi ◽

Hirotsugu Okamoto ◽

Sumio Hoka ◽

Kenji Sunagawa

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Determination

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Genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: Importance in the control of blood pressure and hypertension

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 587 (13) ◽

pp. 1929-1941 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Bernard C. Rossier ◽

Olivier Staub ◽

Edith Hummler

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Potassium Transport ◽

Genetic Dissection ◽

Distal Nephron ◽

Sodium And Potassium

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Maternal nutrition and its intergenerational links to non-communicable disease metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00241-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Wilkins ◽

Kremlin Wickramasinghe ◽

Jessie Pullar ◽

Alessandro R. Demaio ◽

Nia Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Maternal Exposure ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Offspring Adiposity

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability globally, while malnutrition presents a major global burden. An increasing body of evidence suggests that poor maternal nutrition is related to the development of NCDs and their risk factors in adult offspring. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of this evidence. Methods We searched eight electronic databases and reference lists for primary research published between 1 January 1996 and 31 May 2016 for studies presenting data on various dimensions of maternal nutritional status (including maternal exposure to famine, maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal weight and/or body mass index (BMI), and maternal dietary intake) during pregnancy or lactation, and measures of at least one of three NCD metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose) in the study population of offspring aged 18 years or over. Owing to high heterogeneity across exposures and outcomes, we employed a narrative approach for data synthesis (PROSPERO= CRD42016039244, CRD42016039247). Results Twenty-seven studies from 10 countries with 62,607 participants in total met our inclusion criteria. The review revealed considerable heterogeneity in findings across studies. There was evidence of a link between maternal exposure to famine during pregnancy with adverse blood pressure, blood lipid, and glucose metabolism outcomes in adult offspring in some contexts, with some tentative support for an influence of adult offspring adiposity in this relationship. However, the evidence base for maternal BMI, GWG, and dietary intake of specific nutrients during pregnancy was more limited and revealed no consistent support for a link between these exposures and adult offspring NCD metabolic risk factors. Conclusion The links identified between maternal exposure to famine and offspring NCD risk factors in some contexts, and the tentative support for the role of adult offspring adiposity in influencing this relationship, suggest the need for increased collaboration between maternal nutrition and NCD sectors. However, in view of the current scant evidence base for other aspects of maternal nutrition, and the overall heterogeneity of findings, ongoing monitoring and evaluation using large prospective studies and linked data sets is a major priority.

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Abstract P184: Effects of Sodium and Potassium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Untreated (Pre)Hypertensives on a Low-Sodium, Low-Potassium Diet

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p184 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lieke Gijsbers ◽

James Dower ◽

Marco Mensink ◽

Johanna M Geleijnse

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Random Order ◽

Potassium Intake ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Potassium Supplementation ◽

Urinary Potassium ◽

Low Potassium ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Sodium Supplementation

Introduction: We performed a 12-week randomized placebo-controlled crossover study to examine the effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness in untreated (pre)hypertensive individuals on a low-sodium, low-potassium diet. Methods: During the study, subjects were on a fully controlled diet that provided on average 2.4 g/d of sodium (equals 6 g/d of salt) and 2.2 g/d of potassium. After a 1-week run-in period, 37 subjects received capsules with supplemental sodium (3 g/d, equals 7.5 g/d of salt), supplemental potassium (3 g/d), or placebo, for four weeks each (not separated by wash-out), in random order. Fasting office BP, 24-h ambulatory BP, and measures of arterial stiffness (SphygmoCor®) were assessed at baseline and after each treatment. Results: Subjects had a mean pre-treatment BP of 145/81 mmHg and 68% (25 of 37) had systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg. In 36 subjects who completed the study, sodium supplementation increased urinary sodium by 97.6 mmol/24h (2.2 g/d) and potassium supplementation increased urinary potassium by 62.9 mmol/24h (2.5 g/d), compared to placebo (Table). Sodium supplementation significantly increased office BP by 7.5/3.3 mmHg, 24-h BP by 7.0/2.1 mmHg and central BP by 8.5/3.6 mmHg. Potassium supplementation significantly reduced 24-h BP by 4.0/1.7 mmHg. Measures of arterial stiffness did not change. Conclusion: Increasing the intake of sodium has a strong adverse effect on BP in untreated (pre)hypertensive individuals. Increased potassium intake, however, lowers BP even when people are on a reduced sodium diet. Short-term changes in sodium and potassium intake have little effect on arterial stiffness. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01575041

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BLOOD PRESSURE AND HORMONAL CHANGES FOLLOWING ALTERATION IN DIETARY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN YOUNG MEN WITH AND WITHOUT A FAMILIAL PREDISPOSITION TO HYPERTENSION

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(81)90707-8 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 317 (8212) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P PARFREY

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young Men ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Familial Predisposition ◽

Sodium And Potassium

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Effect of Inheritance and Stress on the Diurnal Excretion of Sodium and Potassium in Young People with and without a Family History of Hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs059161s ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 59 (s6) ◽

pp. 161s-164s ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. S. Parfrey ◽

P. Wright ◽

J. M. Ledingham

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Young People ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Mental Stress ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Excretion Ratio ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension ◽

Sodium And Potassium

1. The diurnal excretion of sodium and potassium was observed in young people, with and without a genetic predisposition to hypertension, both in the presence and absence of psychological stress. 2. In the absence of stress, the normal day/night sodium excretion ratio was reversed in the children of hypertensive parents. This was significantly less than day/night sodium excretion in children of normotensive parents. A similar finding was observed for day/night potassium excretion. 3. There was a significant negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and day/night sodium excretion in children of hypertensive parents but not in children of normotensive parents. 4. After the mental stress of a University examination day/night sodium reverted to normal in children of hypertensive parents.

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Body mass index and associations of sodium and potassium with blood pressure in INTERSALT.

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.23.6.729 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 23 (6_pt_1) ◽

pp. 729-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

A R Dyer ◽

P Elliott ◽

M Shipley ◽

R Stamler ◽

J Stamler

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Sodium And Potassium

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Effect of chronic NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on blood pressure and renal function in conscious uninephrectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y97-183 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

María Reverte ◽

Olga Flores ◽

Belén Gallego ◽

Antonio Lestón ◽

José Miguel López-Novoa

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Renal Function ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Low Dose ◽

Potassium Excretion ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Sodium And Potassium

We have studied during 30 days the effect of a low dose of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (1 mg ·kg-1 ·day-1 in drinking water) in the presence of D- or L-arginine (1 mg ·kg-1 ·day-1 in drinking water) in comparison with D- or L-arginine alone on blood pressure and renal function in conscious uninephrectomized female spontaneously hypertensive rats. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in the NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + D-arginine group (307 ± 6 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.3 Pa), n = 14, p << 0.05) in comparison with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester + L-arginine (281 ± 6 mmHg, n = 14), L-arginine (262 ± 5 mmHg, n = 13), and D-arginine (258 ± 7 mmHg, n = 12) groups. There were no changes in diuresis, proteinuria, or sodium and potassium excretion between differently treated animals during this study. These results suggest that in uninephrectomized female spontaneously hypertensive rats, after 1 month blockade of NO synthesis with a low dose of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, vasculature is under tonic control by NO and it is not correlated with renal dysfunction.Key words: Key words: NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), kidney, hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats, renaldysfunction, uninephrectomy.

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