Earth's new address: 'Solar System, Milky Way, Laniakea'

Nature ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way

The Long View of Planetary Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Schrijver
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
Population Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Universe

How many planetary systems formed before our’s did, and how many will form after? How old is the average exoplanet in the Galaxy? When did the earliest planets start forming? How different are the ages of terrestrial and giant planets? And, ultimately, what will the fate be of our Solar System, of the Milky Way Galaxy, and of the Universe around us? We cannot know the fate of individual exoplanets with great certainty, but based on population statistics this chapter sketches the past, present, and future of exoworlds and of our Earth in general terms.

Computer Information Library Clusters

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Fu Yuhua
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Information ◽  
Set Up

Based on creating generalized and hybrid set and library with neutrosophy and quad-stage method, this chapter presents the concept of computer information library clusters (CILC). There are various ways and means to form CILC. For example, CILC can be considered as the “total-library” and consists of several “sub-libraries.” As another example, in CILC, a total-library can be set up, and a number of sub-libraries are side by side with the total-library. Specially, for CILC, the operation functions can be added; for example, according to natural science computer information library clusters (natural science CILC), and applying variation principle of library (or sub-library), partial and temporary unified theory of natural science so far with different degrees can be established. Referring to the concept of natural science CILC, the concepts of social science CILC, natural science and social science CILC, and the like can be presented. While referring to the concept of computer information library clusters, the concepts of computer and non-computer information library clusters, earth information library clusters, solar system information library clusters, Milky Way galaxy information library clusters, universe information library clusters, and the like can be presented.

scholarly journals The Potential for Archaeology Within and Beyond the Habitable Zones (HZ) of the Milky Way

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
John B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Main Region

As archaeology is established on Earth and we are actively exploring the Solar System and beyond, there is the potential to develop a number of forms of exo-archaeology. The archaeology of the things intelligent species do in theory could be practised anywhere, provided one can detect the evidence. Sites are being created by us elsewhere within our star's habitable zone (HZ), namely on the Moon and Mars, and at least molecular traces of human-created probes are being left beyond the HZ (Venus, Jupiter etc.). The successful detection of extrasolar planets and the possible identification of HZs round other stars raise the possibility for the development of extrasolar archaeology, at least initially by remote sensing techniques. Within the Milky Way the main region to investigate is the galactic habitable zone (GHZ), though there could be archaeological traces of technological behaviours beyond it.

Astrotheology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Peters
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Human Situation ◽  
Critical Responses ◽  
Space Sciences

Astrotheology is that branch of theology that provides a critical analysis of the contemporary space sciences combined with an explication of classic doctrines such as creation and Christology for the purpose of constructing a comprehensive and meaningful understanding of our human situation within an astonishingly immense cosmos. Within the growing field of Religion and Science, astrotheology and its sister subject, astroethics, represent critical responses to the excitement permeating the space sciences, especially astrobiology. The excitement arises because of new searches for microbial life within the solar system and the discovery of exoplanets elsewhere in the Milky Way, some of which may be homes for extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations.

scholarly journals Exploring the Cosmic Context of Earth

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S293) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Martin Dominik
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Habitable Planets ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Gravitational Microlensing ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Formation And Evolution

AbstractStudying the amazingly diverse planet zoo provides us with unprecedented opportunities for understanding planet Earth and ultimately ourselves. An assessment of a planet's “habitability” reflects our Earth-centric prejudice and can serve to prioritise targets to actually search for signatures of life similar to ours. The probability for life beyond Earth to exist however remains unknown, and studies on habitability or statistics of planetary systems do not change this. But we can leave speculation behind, and embark on a journey of exploration. A sample of detected cosmic habitats would provide us with insight on the conditions for life to emerge, develop, and sustain, but disentangling the biota fraction from the duration of the biotic era would depend particularly on our knowledge about the dynamics of planetary systems. Apart from the fact that planets usually do not come alone, we also must not forget that the minor bodies in the Solar system vastly outnumber the planets. A focus on just what we might consider “habitable” planets is too narrow to understand their formation and evolution. While uniqueness prevents understanding, we need to investigate the context and embrace diversity. A comprehensive picture of planet populations can only arise by exploiting a variety of different detection techniques, where not only Kepler but also gravitational microlensing can now enter hitherto uncharted territory below the mass or size of the Earth. There is actually no shortage of planets, the Milky Way alone may host hundreds of billions, and so far we have found only about 1000.

4. What are planets made of?

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-75
Author(s):  
Raymond T. Pierrehumbert
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
First Stars ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

‘What are planets made of?’ assesses what planets are made of, beginning by looking at the life cycle of stars, and the kinds of stars which populate the Universe. Although the first stars of the Universe could not have formed planetary systems, the process did not take long to get under way. The Milky Way galaxy formed not long after the Big Bang and has been building its stock of heavy elements ever since. Thus, our Solar System incorporates ingredients from a mix of myriad expired stars, most of which have been processed multiple times through short-lived stars.

scholarly journals The Earth's Gold: Where Did It Really Come From?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Tito ◽  
Vadim I. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Reaction Channels

Why is it that in the neighborhood of a calm ordinary star (the Sun) located at the quiet periphery of its galaxy (the Milky Way), non-native heavy elements are abundant in such concentrated form? Where did these elements really come from? Where did Earth's gold come from? Our analysis of the known data offers a fact-reconciling hypothesis: What if, in the early solar system, an explosive collision occurred -- of a traveling from afar giant-nuclear-drop-like object with a local massive dense object (perhaps a then-existent companion of the Sun) -- and the debris, through the multitude of reaction channels and nuclei transformations, was then responsible for (1) the enrichment of the solar system with the cocktail of all detected exogenous chemical elements, and (2) the eventual formation of the terrestrial planets that pre-collision did not exist, thus offering a possible explanation for their inner position and compositional differences within the predominantly hydrogen-helium rest of the solar system.

Computer Information Library Clusters

2018 ◽  
pp. 4399-4403
Author(s):  
Fu Yuhua
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Information ◽  
Set Up

Based on creating generalized and hybrid set and library with neutrosophy and quad-stage method, this paper presents the concept of “computer information library clusters” (CILC). There are various ways and means to form CILC. For example, CILC can be considered as the “total-library”, and consists of several “sub-libraries”. As another example, in CILC, a “total-library” can be set up, and a number of “sub-libraries” are side by side with the “total-library”. Specially, for CILC, the operation functions can be added; for example, according to “natural science computer information library clusters” (natural science CILC), and applying “variation principle of library (or sub-library)”, “partial and temporary unified theory of natural science so far” with different degrees can be established. Referring to the concept of “natural science CILC”, the concepts of “social science CILC”, “natural science and social science CILC”, and the like, can be presented. While, referreing to the concept of “computer information library clusters”, the concepts of “computer and non-computer information library clusters”, “earth information library clusters”, “solar system information library clusters”, “Milky Way galaxy information library clusters”, “universe information library clusters”, and the like, can be presented.

scholarly journals Commission 8: Astrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (T26A) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Imants Platais ◽  
Irina I. Kumkova ◽  
E. Costa ◽  
C. Ducourant ◽  
D. W. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Abstract Service ◽  
Solar System Bodies

AbstractThis triennial report from Commission 8 covers astrometry-related matters for objects ranging from Solar system bodies out to Milky Way stars and QSOs at cosmological distances. This enormous range of distances is needed to establish, maintain, and improve the metric of the visible Universe--a very challenging effort since everything is moving. The progress of astrometry in the last three years (2002-2005) is reflected here. To locate the references, the reader is advised to check the NASA ADS Astronomy Abstract Service and the expanded report posted at URL http://www.pha.jhu.edu/iau_comm8/comm8.html

scholarly journals Extrasolar Planets and Prospects for Terrestrial Planets

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W. Marcy ◽  
R. Paul Butler ◽  
Steven S. Vogt ◽  
Debra A. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Milky Way Galaxy ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Host Stars ◽  
Eccentricity Orbit

Examination of ∼2000 sun–like stars has revealed 97 planets (as of 2002 Nov), all residing within our Milky Way Galaxy and within ∼200 light years of our Solar System. They have masses between 0.1 and 10 times that of Jupiter, and orbital sizes of 0.05–5 AU. Thus planets occupy the entire detectable domain of mass and orbits. News & summaries about extrasolar planets are provided at: http://exoplanets.org. These planets were all discovered by the wobble of the host stars, induced gravitationally by the planets, causing a periodicity in the measured Doppler effect of the starlight. Earth–mass planets remain undetectable, but space–based missions such as Kepler, COROT and SIM may provide detections of terrestrial planets within the next decade.The number of planets increases with decreasing planet mass, indicating that nature makes more small planets than jupiter–mass planets. Extrapolation, though speculative, bodes well for an even larger number of earth–mass planets. These observations and the theory of planet formation suggests that single sun–like stars commonly harbor earth–sized rocky planets, as yet undetectable. The number of planets increases with increasing orbital distance from the host star, and most known planets reside in non–circular orbits. Many known planets reside in the habitable zone (albeit being gas giants) and most newly discovered planets orbit beyond 1 AU from their star. A population of Jupiter–like planets may reside at 5–10 AU from stars, not easily detectable at present. The sunlike star 55 Cancri harbors a planet of 4–10 Jupiter masses orbiting at 5.5 AU in a low eccentricity orbit, the first analog of our Jupiter, albeit with two large planets orbiting inward.To date, 10 multiple–planet systems have been discovered, with four revealing gravitational interactions between the planets in the form of resonances. GJ 876 has two planets with periods of 1 and 2 months. Other planetary systems are “hierarchical”, consisting of widely separated orbits. These two system architectures probably result from gravitational interactions among the planets and between the planets and the proto-planetary disk out of which they formed.

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