Paternal weight prior to conception and infant birthweight: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background/Objective Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that maternal weight status both before and during pregnancy is associated with infant birthweight. However, a fundamental limitation across this literature remains that previous studies have not evaluated the concomitant impact of paternal weight at conception, owing to the paucity of studies in which fathers were assessed prior to pregnancy. Thus, we established a cohort of preconception couples to prospectively evaluate the associations of maternal and paternal weight prior to pregnancy with infant birthweight at delivery. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 1292 newly-married women and their partners in Liuyang, China, were assessed at median of 23.3 weeks before a singleton pregnancy, thereby enabling concomitant assessment of preconception maternal and paternal body mass index (BMI) in relation to infant birthweight. Results Mean birthweight was 3294 ± 450 g with 147 neonates (11.4%) born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and 94 (7.3%) small-for-gestational-age (SGA). After adjustment for maternal and paternal factors prior to conception (age, education, smoking, BMI, household income), length of gestation, total gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and infant sex, it was noted that infant birthweight increased by 42.2 g (95% CI 29.5–54.8; p < 0.0001) per unit increase in maternal pregravid BMI and 10.7 g (95% CI 0.5–20.9; p = 0.04) per unit increase in paternal pregravid BMI. Maternal pregravid BMI explained 6.2% of the variance in birthweight whereas paternal BMI explained only 0.7%. Independent predictors of LGA delivery were maternal pregravid BMI (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.50–2.44), maternal age (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.00), and gestational weight gain (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.30). Paternal pregravid BMI was not independently associated with LGA or SGA. Conclusion Paternal BMI prior to conception is associated with infant birthweight but only modestly so, in contrast to the dominant impact of maternal weight.

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The Association between Pre-Pregnancy BMI, Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Ahvaz, Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117813/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kambiz Ahmadi Angali ◽

Maryam Azhdari ◽

Maria Cheraghi ◽

parvin shahri ◽

shokrolah salmanzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Maternal body mass index and maternal gestational weight gain can have positive effects on birth and maternal outcomes. We aimed to identify the effect of pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on birth outcomes.Methods: Data of this retrospective cohort study were extracted using the 1457 out of 1800 pair health records belonged to the pregnant mother and infant at Ahvaz health care centers, from 2010 to 2018.Result: The 3.18-fold increased risk for large for gestational age in overweight mothers, and a 2.9 fold increased risk for small for gestational age in those mothers with gestational weight gain below the guidelines. An increased risk of large for gestational age, low birth weight, and macrosomia were observed in overweight mothers with gestational weight gain out of the guidelines. The increased association was found between the maternal pre-body mass index and fasting blood sugar (p = 0.0001). Hence, hyperglycemia is related to a 3.58-fold incidence of macrosomia. Conclusion: Therefore, conducting more educational programs of lifestyle intervention with respect to reproductive health care is required for all women in childbearing age (before and during pregnancy), with the purpose of reducing the adverse pregnancy outcome.

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Suggested Gestational Weight Gain for Chinese Women and Comparison with Institute of Medicine Criteria: A Large Population-Based Study

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000509134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Wei Zheng ◽

Wenyu Huang ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Zhihong Tian ◽

Qi Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large Population ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Obese Women ◽

Singleton Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Weight

Objective: To establish suggested gestational weight gain (GWG) using several distinct methods in a Chinese population. Methods: This study analyzed data from the medical records of singleton pregnancy women during 2011–2017 in Beijing, China. Suggested GWG was calculated using four distinct methods. In method 1, suggested GWG was identified by the interquartile method. Subsequently, risk models for small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) with respect to GWG were constructed. GWG was treated as a continuous variable in method 2, and as a categorized variable in methods 3 and 4. Results: An average GWG of 15.78 kg with a prevalence of LGA at 19.34% and SGA at 2.12% was observed among the 34,470 participants. Methods 1 and 2 did not yield clinically applicable results. The suggested GWGs were 11–17/11–16 kg, 9–19/9–15 kg, 4–12/4–10 kg, and 0–12/0–6 kg by method 3/method 4 for underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively. The GWG range suggested by method 3 resulted in a larger proportion of participants (62.03%) within range, while the suggested GWG range by method 4 was associated with a lower risk of LGA compared to that conferred by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria. Conclusion: This study suggests a modest GWG goal compared to IOM recommendations based on a large Chinese cohort.

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Gestational Weight Gain and Large for Gestational Age Neonates in a Predominantly Hispanic Population Community Hospital

World Journal of Gynecology & Womens Health ◽

10.33552/wjgwh.2020.03.000572 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Brittany N Robles

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Hispanic Population ◽

Predominantly Hispanic ◽

Gestational Weight

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Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain in Women with Overweight or Obesity and Risk of Large for Gestational Age

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000500748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 407-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Zheng ◽

Wenyu Huang ◽

Zhi Zhang ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Zhihong Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

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Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes among Nulliparous Women

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1696640 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Annie M. Dude ◽

William Grobman ◽

David Haas ◽

Brian M. Mercer ◽

Samuel Parry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Hypertensive Disorders

Abstract Objective To determine the association between total gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes. Study Design Data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be (NuMoM2b) study were used. Total gestational weight gain was categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive based on the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Outcomes examined included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, mode of delivery, shoulder dystocia, large for gestational age or small for-gestational age birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Results Among 8,628 women, 1,666 (19.3%) had inadequate, 2,945 (34.1%) had adequate, and 4,017 (46.6%) had excessive gestational weight gain. Excessive gestational weight gain was associated with higher odds of hypertensive disorders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78–2.36) Cesarean delivery (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41), and large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23–1.80), but lower odds of small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50–0.71). Conversely, inadequate gestational weight gain was associated with lower odds of hypertensive disorders (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62–0.92), Cesarean delivery (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.92), and a large for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94), but higher odds of having a small for gestational age birth weight (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.37–1.96). Conclusion Both excessive and inadequate gestational weight gain are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Gestational Weight Gain Influences Neonatal Outcomes in Women With Obesity and Gestational Diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-607107/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana M Ramos-Levi ◽

Gemma Rodriguez-Carnero ◽

Cristina Garcia-Fontao ◽

Antia Fernandez-Pombo ◽

Paula Andújar-Plata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background. Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated to increased risk of perinatal complications and obesity in the offspring. However, the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and fetal outcomes has led to controversial results. Research design and methods. Retrospective study of 220 women with GDM and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Pregnant women were classified according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations regarding prior BMI and GWG. We evaluated the impact of GWG on birth weight and perinatal outcomes. Results. Mean maternal age was 34.7±5.3 years. Pre-pregnancy obesity was classified as grade I in 55.3% of cases, grade II in 32.0%, and grade III in 12.7%. GWG was adequate (5-9kg) in 24.2%, insufficient (< 5kg) in 41.8% and excessive (> 9kg) in 34.2%. Birthweight was within normal range in 81.9%, 3.6% were small for gestational age (SGA) and 14.4% were large for gestational age (LGA). Insufficient GWG was associated to a higher rate of SGA offspring, excessive GWG was associated to LGA and adequate GWG to normal birth weight. Conclusion. GWG in women with pre-pregnancy obesity and GDM impacts neonatal birthweight. Insufficient GWG is associated to SGA and excessive GWG is associated to LGA. Women with adequate GWG according to IOM guidelines obtained better perinatal outcomes.

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Insufficient maternal gestational weight gain and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04232-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noriko Motoki ◽

Yuji Inaba ◽

Takumi Shibazaki ◽

Yuka Misawa ◽

Satoshi Ohira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Maternal Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Infant Neurodevelopment

AbstractAbnormal maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of obstetric-related complications. This investigation examined the impact of GWG on infant neurodevelopmental abnormalities at 12 months of age using the data of a nationwide Japanese cohort study. Questionnaire data were obtained from the ongoing Japan Environment and Children’s Study cohort study. Maternal GWG was subdivided as below, within, or above the reference values of the Institution of Medicine pregnancy weight guidelines. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) is a parent-reported developmental screening instrument for children across five domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal–social. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlations between GWG and developmental delay defined as ASQ-3 scores of less than two standard deviations below the mean. A total of 30,694 mothers with singleton live births and partners who completed the questionnaire were analyzed. The prevalence of mothers below, within, and above the GWG guidelines was 60.4% (18,527), 32.1% (9850), and 7.5% (2317), respectively. We recorded 10,943 infants (35.7%) who were outliers in at least one ASQ-3 domain. After controlling for covariates, GWG below established guidelines was associated with a significantly higher risk of developmental delay for the communication (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.34), gross motor (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24), fine motor (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.24), problem-solving (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18), and personal–social (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24) domains.Conclusion: This large survey revealed a possible deleterious effect of insufficient maternal GWG on infant neurodevelopment.Trial registration: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on January 15, 2018 (number UMIN000030786). What is Known:• Inappropriate maternal gestational weight gain may cause obstetric complications and adverse birth outcomes.• Excess maternal weight gain may result in gestational diabetes, hypertension, eclampsia, caesarean delivery, and macrosomia, while insufficient maternal weight gain has been associated with pre-term birth and small for gestational age. What is New:• This study provides important information on a possible adverse effect of insufficient maternal gestational weight gain on offspring neurodevelopment at 12 months of age.• Our findings indicate a need to reconsider the optimal body mass index and gestational weight gain for women desiring pregnancy.

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Patterns of Gestational Weight Gain and Infants Born Large-for-Gestational Age Across Consecutive Pregnancies

Women s Health Issues ◽

10.1016/j.whi.2018.10.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 194-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elizabeth L. Adams ◽

Michele E. Marini ◽

Krista S. Leonard ◽

Danielle Symons Downs ◽

Ian M. Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Gestational Weight

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Weight gain in pregnancy: is less truly more for mother and infant?

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1258/om.2012.120004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 58-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Linda A Barbour

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Morbidity ◽

Current Data ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Pregnancy

SUMMARY Although more than 50% of women gain weight above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for weight gain in pregnancy and excessive weight gain is an independent risk factor for significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and offspring obesity, there is little consensus over the ideal weight gain during pregnancy. Surprisingly, the 2009 IOM guidelines varied minimally from the 1990 IOM guidelines, and many critics advocate lower weight gain recommendations. This review explores the energy costs of pregnancy, the relationship between gestational weight gain and birth weight, and considers what gestational weight gain minimizes both large-for-gestational age as well as small-for-gestational age infants. An extensive examination of the current data leads this author to question whether the current weight gain recommendations are too liberal, especially for obese pregnant women.

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Comparison between American Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Local Recommendation for Gestational Weight Gain in Taiwanese Primiparous Women

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15498/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Waits ◽

Chao-Yu Guo ◽

Li-Yin Chien

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Future Research ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Weight Retention ◽

American Institute ◽

Discriminative Performance ◽

Gestational Weight

Abstract Background : American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends different ranges of gestational weight gain (GWG) based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). In Taiwan, IOM guidelines are implemented concurrently with the local recommendation for GWG (10–14 kg). This study compared between the two sets of guidelines in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods : We analyzed 31653 primiparas with singletons from 2011-2016 annual National Breastfeeding Surveys. Logistic regressions for preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), cesarean section and excessive postpartum weight retention (PWR) were fitted separately for GWG categorized according to IOM and Taiwan ranges. Areas under the receiver-operator curves (AUC) and the predicted probabilities for each outcome were compared in each BMI group.Results : AUC for both guidelines ranged within 0.51 – 0.73. Compared to Taiwan recommendation, IOM ranges showed lower probabilities of SGA for underweight (0.11–0.15 versus 0.14–0.18), of LGA for obese (0.12–0.15 versus 0.15–0.18), of excessive PWR for overweight (0.19–0.30 versus 0.27–0.39), and obese (0.15–0.22 versus 0.25-0.36); and higher probabilities of excessive PWR for underweight (0.17-0.33 versus 0.14-0.22).Conclusions : Discriminative performance of IOM and Taiwan recommendations was poor for the five adverse birth outcomes, and no preference for either set of recommendations could be inferred from our results. In the absence of specific GWG guidelines, health care workers may provide inconsistent information to their patients. Future research is needed to explore optimal GWG ranges that can reliably predict locally relevant perinatal outcomes for mother and child.

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