scholarly journals The association between antibodies to neurotropic pathogens and bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsje J. L. J. Snijders ◽  
Hans C. van Mierlo ◽  
Marco P. Boks ◽  
Marieke J. H. Begemann ◽  
Arjen L. Sutterland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Hsv 1

AbstractExposure to neurotropic pathogens has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of bipolar disorder (BD). However, evidence so far is inconsistent. We, therefore, analyzed the seroprevalence and titer levels of IgG antibodies against several herpesviruses and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in plasma of 760 patients with a bipolar disorder, 144 first-degree matched relatives and 132 controls of the Dutch Bipolar (DB) Cohort using ELISA. In addition, we performed a literature-based meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against these pathogens (n = 14). Our results in the DB Cohort and subsequent meta-analysis (n = 2364 BD patients, n = 5101 controls) show no association between exposure to herpesviruses and bipolar disorder (HSV-1 [adjusted OR 0.842, 95% CI 0.567–1.230], HSV-2 [adjusted OR 0.877, 95% CI 0.437–1.761], CMV [adjusted OR 0.884 95% CI 0.603–1.295], EBV [adjusted OR 0.968 95% CI 0.658–1.423]). In the DB Cohort, we did not find an association between bipolar disorder and T. gondii titer or seroprevalence either [adjusted OR 1.018, 95% CI 0.672–1.542]. The overall OR was not significant for T. gondii [OR: 1.4, 95% CI 0.95–1.90, p = 0.09), but subgroup analyses in age groups below 40 years showed a significantly increased seroprevalence of T. gondii IgGs in BD [OR: 1.8 (95% CI 1.10–2.89, p = 0.021]. Our meta-analysis indicates that T. gondii exposure may be a risk factor for BD in certain subpopulations.

scholarly journals Tryptophan Catabolites in Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat Hebbrecht ◽  
Katrien Skorobogatov ◽  
Erik J. Giltay ◽  
Violette Coppens ◽  
Livia De Picker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolites

ObjectiveTryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders by mediating immune-inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. We performed a meta-analysis of TRYCAT levels in bipolar disorder (BD) patients compared to healthy controls.MethodsA systematic literature search in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Emcare, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier) was conducted on TRYCAT levels in cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral blood according to the PRISMA statement. A minimum of three studies per TRYCAT was required for inclusion. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were computed using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed for BD patients in a different mood state (depressed, manic). The methodological quality of the studies was rated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment Scale.ResultsTwenty-one eligible studies were identified. Peripheral levels of tryptophan (SMD = -0.44; p < 0.001), kynurenine (SMD = - 0.3; p = 0.001) and kynurenic acid (SMD = -.45; p = < 0.001) were lower in BD patients versus healthy controls. In the only three eligible studies investigating TRP in cerebrospinal fluid, tryptophan was not significantly different between BD and healthy controls. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference in TRP and KYN values between manic and depressed BD patients, but these results were based on a limited number of studies.ConclusionThe TRYCAT pathway appears to be downregulated in BD patients. There is a need for more and high-quality studies of peripheral and central TRYCAT levels, preferably using longitudinal designs.

scholarly journals Is Sensory Loss an Understudied Risk Factor for Frailty? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2461-2470
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan ◽  
Ryan Eyn Kidd Man ◽  
Alfred Tau Liang Gan ◽  
Eva K Fenwick ◽  
Varshini Varadaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensory Impairments ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Age-related sensory loss and frailty are common conditions among older adults, but epidemiologic research on their possible links has been inconclusive. Clarifying this relationship is important because sensory loss may be a clinically relevant risk factor for frailty. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched 3 databases for observational studies investigating 4 sensory impairments—vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)—and their relationships with frailty. We meta-analyzed the cross-sectional associations of VI/HI each with pre-frailty and frailty, investigated sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, and assessed publication bias using Egger’s test. Results We included 17 cross-sectional and 7 longitudinal studies in our review (N = 34,085) from 766 records. Our cross-sectional meta-analyses found that HI and VI were, respectively, associated with 1.5- to 2-fold greater odds of pre-frailty and 2.5- to 3-fold greater odds of frailty. Our results remained largely unchanged after subgroup analyses and meta-regression, though the association between HI and pre-frailty was no longer significant in 2 subgroups which lacked sufficient studies. We did not detect publication bias. Longitudinal studies largely found positive associations between VI/HI and frailty progression from baseline robustness, though they were inconclusive about frailty progression from baseline pre-frailty. Sparse literature and heterogenous methods precluded meta-analyses and conclusions on the SI/TI–frailty relationships. Conclusions Our meta-analyses demonstrate significant cross-sectional associations between VI/HI with pre-frailty and frailty. Our review also highlights knowledge gaps on the directionality and modifiability of these relationships and the impact of SI/TI and multiple sensory impairments on frailty.

Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and bipolar disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luís Vieira Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Izabela Guimarães Barbosa ◽  
Haitham Salem ◽  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Arthur Kummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

An updated meta-analysis of the association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk of epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sadeghi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Riahi ◽  
Mona Mohammadi ◽  
Vafa Saber ◽  
Somayeh Aghamolaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Toxoplasma Infection ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic pathogen with worldwide distribution. To evaluate the association between Toxoplasma infection and the risk of epilepsy by meta-analysis, observational peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar (up to 10 October 2018) and by reference review. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochrane’s Q-test and I2. In total, 16 eligible studies involving 19 data sets were included for the final analysis. A total 7897 participants (3771 epileptic patients, 4026 healthy controls) were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for Toxoplasma infection was increased to 1.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37 to 2.16) among patients with epilepsy. There was moderate heterogeneity among the studies (χ2=39.8, I2=62.3%, p=0.001). The ORs from subgroup analyses showed that both cryptogenic epilepsy (OR 2.65 [95% CI 1.91 to 3.68]) and active convulsive epilepsy (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.09 to 1.72]) were significantly associated with Toxoplasma infection. Another subgroup analyses according to age showed a significant positive association in children (OR 1.33), adults (OR 1.57) and in all ages (OR 1.89). Our findings support the association between Toxoplasma infection and epilepsy. More prospective studies with larger sample sizes and more experimental studies are recommended to elucidate a causative relationship.

scholarly journals First report on seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats in North Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 831-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dima El Safadi ◽  
Dany Abi Chahine ◽  
Alissar Al Tarraf ◽  
Omar Raii ◽  
Karim Mesto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is of dual importance in both public and veterinary health due to the respective risk of transplacental transmission in primo-infected pregnant women and economic losses caused by abortions in mammals. One of the main routes of Toxoplasma gondii transmission to humans is the consumption of raw or undercooked meats containing parasitic cysts. Here, we performed the first epidemiological study to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in livestock in Lebanon. Methodology: Using a modified agglutination test with a cut-off of 1:40, we tested the positivity rate of Immunoglobulin G antibodies in the sera of 100 sheep and 80 goats collected from 18 different livestock farms located in North Lebanon between March and June 2018. Results: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 42% of sheep and 34% of goats. Adults (> 1 year) were significantly more infected by T. gondii than the lambs (< 1 year) in both species (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicated that food animals are highly exposed to T. gondii in Lebanon and could be potentially a major risk factor of T. gondii infection to humans. Consequently, national prophylactic strategies should be implemented to control and to prevent T. gondii transmission between animals and humans.

scholarly journals Interleukin-4 gene polymorphism (C33T) and the risk of the asthma: a meta-analysis based on 24 publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyal Imani ◽  
Mohammad Masoud Eslami ◽  
Gholamreza Anani-Sarab ◽  
Mansur Aliyu ◽  
Bahman Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Allelic Model

Abstract Background Previous studies evaluated the association of IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of bronchial asthma but failed to establish a consistent conclusive association. In the present meta-analysis, we intend to define a more reliable estimate of the association in the presence of filling published literature. Methods An exhaustive search in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases was performed to identify all relevant publications before September 2020, and 24 publications (28 studies) with 6587 cases and 8408 controls were included in final analysis. The association between polymorphism and risk of asthma were measured by Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, Cochran’s Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity between studies. Results In the overall study populations, a significant positive association was detected under all genotype models and announced the IL-4 C33T polymorphism as a potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the subgroup analysis by age, a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of asthma in different age groups was identified in allelic model, which highlighted the predisposing role of the T allele for the asthma risk in all three age groups. Furthermore, the results of subgroup analysis by continent were heterogenous. Accordingly, IL-4 C33T polymorphism was a risk factor in Europeans (all models except heterozygote comparison), Americans (all models except recessive and homozygote comparison) and Asians (just recessive and allelic model). Finally, the ethnicity-specific analysis disclosed a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and asthma risk in Caucasians (all genotype models except heterozygote comparison), while this association was not significant in African-Americans. Conclusions This study suggests that IL-4 C33T polymorphism potentially acts as a risk factor for asthma in different ethnicities and age groups.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus Antibody Elevation in Bipolar Disorder: Relation to Elevated Mood States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Prossin ◽  
R. H. Yolken ◽  
M. Kamali ◽  
M. M. Heitzeg ◽  
J. B. Kaplow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cmv Reactivation ◽  
Hsv 1

The neurobiology of mood states is complicated by exposure to everyday stressors (e.g., psychosocial, ubiquitous environmental infections like CMV), each fluctuating between latency and reactivation. CMV reactivation induces proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) associated with induction of neurotoxic metabolites and the presence of mood states in bipolar disorder (BD). Whether CMV reactivation is associated with bipolar diagnoses (trait) or specific mood states is unclear. We investigated 139 BD type I and 99 healthy controls to determine if concentrations of IgG antibodies to Herpesviridae (e.g., CMV, HSV-1, and HSV-2) were associated with BD-I diagnosis and specific mood states. We found higher CMV antibody concentration in BD-I than in healthy controls (T234=3.1,Puncorr=0.002;Pcorr=0.006) but no difference in HSV-1 (P>0.10) or HSV-2 (P>0.10). Compared to euthymic BD-I volunteers, CMV IgG was higher in BD-I volunteers with elevated moods (P<0.03) but not different in depressed moods (P>0.10). While relationships presented between BD-I diagnosis, mood states, and CMV antibodies are encouraging, they are limited by the study’s cross sectional nature. Nevertheless, further testing is warranted to replicate findings and determine whether reactivation of CMV infection exacerbates elevated mood states in BD-I.

scholarly journals Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism is not risk factor for bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Rai ◽  
Farhin Jamal ◽  
Pradeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism

AbstractBipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric disease, characterized by the cycles of mania and depression. Several genetic studies investigated BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as risk factor for BPD, but results were inconclusive. Therefore, present meta-analysis was performed to reevaluate the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BPD association. Four databases (Pubmed, Springer Link, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies up to March 31,2018. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. All statistical analyses were done by MetaAnalyst and Mix program. Forty studies with a total of 28,787 subjects (10,085 cases and 18,702 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that there was no significant association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BPD risk under all five genetic models (ORA vs.G =0.99, 95%CI= 0.94-1.03, p=0.49; ORAG vs. GG= 0.1.02, 95%CI= 0.95-1.07, p= 0.57; ORAA vs. GG = 0.98, 95%CI=0.89-1.08, p=0.75; ORAA+AG vs. GG= 1.0, 95%CI= 0.94-1.06, p= 0.89;ORAA vs. AG+GG= 0.96, 95%CI= 0.89-1.05, p= 0.47). Similarly, no significant association was observed in ethnicity based subgroup analysis in both Asian and Caucasian population. However, significant association was found in subtype analysis between BDNF Val66Met and BPDII (ORAA+AG vs. GG= 1.21, 95%CI= 1.06-1.37, p= 0.003) but not with BPDI. These findings suggested that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism confer no genetic susceptibility to BPD I but risk for BPDII.

scholarly journals M22. IGG ANTIBODIES TO TOXOPLASMA GONDII ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED LONG-TERM RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS IN INDIVIDUALS AT ULTRA-HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S141-S142
Author(s):  
Maximus Berger ◽  
Eva Burkhardt ◽  
Alison Yung ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Shona Francey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Young People ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Abstract Background The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan causing the infectious disease toxoplasmosis, is increased in patients with psychotic disorders compared to the general population. We have previously shown that antibody titers for T.gondii correlate with the severity of positive symptoms in young people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, suggesting that infection with T. gondii may be relevant to the manifestation of psychosis. However, it is unclear if T. gondii antibodies represent a risk factor for psychosis onset or non-psychotic outcome in UHR individuals. The aim of the present study was to examine whether seropositivity for T.gondii is associated with transition to psychosis and other outcomes in young people at UHR for psychosis. Methods The study sample consisted of 96 individuals at UHR for psychosis who were referred to the Personal Assistance and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) clinic in Melbourne, Australia, between 2001 and 2004, consented to optional blood tests for infectious agents and were followed up for up to 10 years after baseline (median (interquartile range) duration of follow-up: 7.15 (3.14 – 7.72) years). Serum IgG antibodies to six viral and parasitic pathogens (Toxoplasma gondii, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus) were measured at baseline. Outcome measures included transition to psychosis, general psychiatric symptomatology and positive psychotic symptoms (BPRS), negative symptoms (SANS), depressive symptoms (HAM-D), anxiety symptoms (HAM-A) and functioning (SOFAS and GAF). Cox proportional hazards regression and linear regression models were used to examine the associations of seropositivity and antibody titers at baseline and transition to psychosis and other outcomes at follow-up. Results A total of 17 individuals (17.7%) were seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii at baseline. The rate of transition to psychosis was higher among seropositive (35.7%) compared to seronegative participants (14.6%), although this was not statistically significant (p=0.101). Antibody titers (IgG) for Toxoplasma gondii were significantly higher at baseline in participants who later transitioned to psychosis (1.34 ± 1.36 vs. 0.79 ± 0.73, p=0.027). Seropositivity for T.gondii IgG at baseline significantly predicted transition to psychosis within the follow-up duration (hazard ratio [HR]=3.61, 95%CI 1.08 – 12.00, p=0.036). Toxoplasma IgG at baseline were significantly associated with higher BPRS scores at follow-up in participants who were seropositive at baseline (Beta=6.38, 95%CI 0.43 – 12.34, p=0.038). No significant associations were found between antibodies to other pathogens and outcome, or between antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and any other outcomes. Discussion Our findings suggest that the presence of IgG class antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii is associated with a higher risk for psychosis transition in individuals at UHR for psychosis, but not with risk for other long-term outcomes. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that infection with Toxoplasma gondii may be an environmental risk factor for psychosis and suggest that IgG antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in individuals at UHR for psychosis have prognostic relevance.

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