scholarly journals Epigenetic perspective on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in burnout

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Bakusic ◽  
Manosij Ghosh ◽  
Andrea Polli ◽  
Bram Bekaert ◽  
Wilmar Schaufeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a potential role in the neurobiology of burnout, but there are no studies investigating the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our aim is to further explore the role of BDNF in burnout, by focusing on the Val66Met polymorphism and methylation patterns of the BDNF gene and serum BDNF (sBDNF) protein expression. We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 129 individuals (59 with burnout and 70 healthy controls). Participants underwent a clinical interview, psychological assessment and blood sample collection. Polymorphism and DNA methylation were measured on DNA from whole blood, using pyrosequencing and sBDNF levels were measured using ELISA. We found significantly increased methylation of promoter I and IV in the burnout group, which also correlated with burnout symptoms. In addition, DNA methylation of promoter I had a significant negative effect on sBDNF. For DNA methylation of exon IX, we did not find a significant difference between the groups, nor associations with sBDNF. The Val66Met polymorphism neither differed between groups, nor was it associated with sBDNF levels. Finally, we did not observe differences in sBDNF level between the groups. Interestingly, we observed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and sBDNF levels. The current study is the first to show that BDNF DNA methylation changes might play an important role in downregulation of the BDNF protein levels in burnout. The presence of depressive symptoms might have an additional impact on these changes.

scholarly journals The Role of the Val66Met Polymorphism of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene in Coping Strategies Relevant to Depressive Symptoms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e65547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Caldwell ◽  
Opal A. McInnis ◽  
Robyn J. McQuaid ◽  
Gele Liu ◽  
John D. Stead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Lower Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome Compared to Obese and Lean Control Subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-398
Author(s):  
Joan C. Han ◽  
Michael J. Muehlbauer ◽  
Huaxia N. Cui ◽  
Christopher B. Newgard ◽  
Andrea M. Haqq
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling ◽  
Serum Bdnf

ABSTRACT Context Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) haploinsufficiency is associated with hyperphagia and obesity in both animals and humans. BDNF appears to function downstream of the leptin-melanocortin signaling pathway to control energy balance. The potential role of BDNF in the etiology of the severe hyperphagia associated with PWS has not been previously explored. Objective The aim was to compare BDNF concentrations in subjects with PWS and obese controls (OC) and lean controls (LC). Design and Setting We conducted a cross-sectional study at an outpatient clinical research center. Participants We studied 13 subjects with PWS [five males and eight females; mean ± sd: age, 11.0 ± 4.1 yr; body mass index (BMI)-Z, 2.05 ± 0.78], 13 OC (eight females, five males; age, 12.3 ± 2.7 yr; BMI-Z, 2.18 ± 0.61), and 13 LC (six females, seven males; age, 12.4 ± 2.6 yr; BMI-Z, −0.57 ± 0.73). Main Outcome Measure BDNF was measured in serum and plasma by ELISA. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, and BMI-Z. Results All groups were comparable for age (P = 0.50) and sex distribution (P = 0.49). BMI-Z was comparable between PWS and OC (P = 0.89) and lower in LC (P < 0.001). Adjusted serum BDNF was comparable (P = 0.35) in OC (mean ± sem: 13.5 ± 1.2 ng/ml) and LC (19.2 ± 1.3 ng/ml), but lower in PWS (8.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml; P = 0.01 vs. OC; P = 0.03 vs. LC). Adjusted plasma BDNF in PWS (217 ± 130 pg/ml) was lower than OC (422 ± 126 pg/ml; P = 0.02), but statistically comparable with LC (540 ± 143 pg/ml; P = 0.10). Conclusions Lower BDNF in PWS suggests insufficient central BDNF production because BDNF in peripheral circulation is believed to reflect cerebral BDNF output. Decreased BDNF may be a potential cause for the disordered satiety and morbid obesity associated with PWS. Further studies are needed to confirm this preliminary pilot study in a larger cohort of patients with PWS.

scholarly journals Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Performance ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Gender may alter African Americans’ vulnerability to discrimination. The type of outcomes that follow exposure to discrimination may also be gender-specific. Although teacher discrimination is known to deteriorate school performance, it is yet unknown whether male and female African American youth differ in the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance. Objective: This cross-sectional study explored the moderating role of gender on the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance in a national sample of African American youth. Methods: The National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A) enrolled a nationally representative sample (n = 810) of 13–17-year-old African American youth. Demographic factors, socioeconomic status, teacher discrimination, and school performance (grade point average, GPA) were measured. Linear multivariable regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Males and females reported similar levels of perceived teacher discrimination. In the pooled sample, higher teacher discrimination was associated with lower school performance among African American youth (b = −0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.49 to −0.22). Gender interacted with perceived teacher discrimination (b = 12; 95% CI = 0.24–2.02), suggesting a significant difference between males and females in the magnitude of the association between perceived teacher discrimination and GPA. In stratified models, perceived teacher discrimination was associated with worse school performance of females (b = −12; 95% CI = −0.03 to −2.78) but not males (b = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.07 to 0.08). Conclusion: In line with previous studies, gender was found to alter the vulnerability of African American youth to perceived discrimination. African American boys and girls may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of teacher discrimination on school performance.

scholarly journals Assessment of role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Bashu Dev Pant ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Crowding in mandibular arch increases with increasing age and etiology of crowding is multifactorial in nature. Role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding remains a topic of controvery over a period of century. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is any correlation between presence of mandibular third molar position and lower anterior crowding. Materials and Method: On the basis of third molar position one hundred and six sample of pretreatment orthodontic patients aged between 17 to 38 years were divided into erupted, erupting and agenesis group. The study was conducted in Peoples Dental College and Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. This cross-sectional study was done on dental casts and orthopantomogram; brass wire was used for measuring arch length and digital vernier caliper for measuring tooth material with modified segmental arch analysis method. Result: Among 106 samples collected 55 (51.88%) were female and 51(48.11%) were male and the mean age was 21.53 ± 3.91 years, Chi square and ANOVA test was used for Statistical analysis. This study showed no statistically significant differences between third molar position and lower anterior crowding on right (P= 0.68) and left side (P = 0.45). The study also showed that association between the third molar position and lower anterior crowding is more on left side compared to right side. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars have not statistically significant difference in lower anterior crowding so, extraction of third molars for relieving the anterior crowding is not justifiable

scholarly journals Triglycerides, independent of Ferriman Gallwey Score, is a main determinant of free testosterone index in PCOS

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Andon Hestiantoro ◽  
Putri Deva Karimah ◽  
Amalia Shadrina ◽  
Budi Wiweko ◽  
R. Muharam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pcos Patient ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shbg Level ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-20% of women worldwide. Hyperandrogenism, as the primary characteristic of PCOS, is not always present in every patient. The hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS patients is influenced by both hormonal and metabolic dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the correlation between hormone profile, lipid profile, and clinical profile with free testosterone index in subjects with PCOS. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. The study involved 76 women with PCOS, who were classified into 2 subgroups: 39 subjects in the hyperandrogenism group and 37 subjects in the non-hyperandrogenism group. Each subject underwent physical examination, blood sample collection, and USG examination. Bivariate analysis was done using independent t-tests and Mann Whitney U-tests, while multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression. Results: Triglyceride and testosterone level showed weak (r = 0.232, p = 0.044) and moderate (r = 0.460, p ¡ 0.001) positive correlation with FTI, while SHBG level showed moderate negative correlation (r = -0.483, p ¡ 0.001). Triglyceride was also found to be determinant of hyperandrogenism condition in PCOS patient (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00–0.04, p = 0.013). However, there was no significant difference observed between FGS and hyperandrogenism (p = 0.43). Conclusions: Triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG were associated with hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients, while FGS showed no such association.

scholarly journals The Role of Pressure and Duration of Dive on Lung Physiology in Professional and Non-Professional Divers

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Jerry Indra Setiawan ◽  
Suradi Suradi ◽  
Yusup Subagio Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normally Distributed

Backgrounds: Professional divers have a greater lung volume than non-professional divers in higher force vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) values. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of pressure and duration of diving on changes in lung physiology in professional divers and non-professional divers. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on the personnel of the Indonesian Navy Dislambair Koarmada II Surabaya and RSAL personnel of dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital in Lakesla Surabaya in March-April 2019. Samples was collected with purposive sampling. This study used unpaired subjects with the independent t-test statistic analysis if the data is normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney U test if the data is not normally distributed Results: There was a significant difference in the professional divers group compared to non-professional divers group in the values of FVC (P=0.042) and FEV1 (P=0.040) at 1.3 ATA for 10 minutes and the FEV1 (P=0.049) for 20 minutes. No significant differences in FVC (P=0.092) at 1.3 ATA pressure for 20 minutes. There were no significant differences in FVC (P=0.865), FEV1 (P=0.659) at 1.5 ATA pressure for 10 minutes and FVC (P=0.858) and FEV1 (P=0.857) for 20 minutes. Conclusions: The different pressure in non-professional group could reduce the FEV1 value. There was a difference in the FVC value of the professional diver group and non-professional divers at a pressure of 1.5 ATA for 10 minutes. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 103-12)

scholarly journals The Role of Maternal Progesterone and Estradiol Levels in Predicting the Success of Induction of Labour: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Kanadi Sumapraja ◽  
Hilda R Badruddin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induction Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Objective: to evaluate whether maternal progesterone and estradiol levels could be used to predictthe success ofinduction of labour (IOL) Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Women’s Health Clinic as well as delivery suite of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period of May 2016 to April 2017. Blood samples of term pregnant women who were indicated for IOL wereobtainedbefore birth. Results:A total 44 subject were recruited in this study.Of these, 24 subjects had successful IOL while the other 20 subjects had IOL failure. There was no significant difference of progesterone among both groups (66,7% vs 75%, p=0,55). The estradiol levels in subjects who successfully performed induction had an average of 16,916.28 ± 2,574.75 pg/mL which did not differ significantly from the failed of induction group with estradiol levels of 14,832.24 ± 2374.47 pg/mL (p = 0,65). Conclusion:We found no significant association between both maternal progesterone and estradiol levels and the success rate of IOL. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm whether progesterone and estradiol play pivotal roles in the success of IOL. Keywords: progesterone, estradiol, induction of labour   Tujuan: mengevaluasi kadar progesteron dan estradiol ibu sebagai prediktor kesuksesan induksi persalinan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei 2016 hingga April 2017 di Poliklinik dan IGD Kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pasien hamil aterm yang dilakukan induksi persalinan dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian akan diambil sampel darah sebelum persalinan. Hasil: Dari 44 subjek yang mengikuti penelitian, 24 subjek berhasil dilakukan induksi persalinan dan 20 subjek gagal.Tidakterdapatperbedaanbermaknapadakadarprogesterone Antarakeduagrup(66,7% vs 75%, p=0,55). Kadar estradiol padapasien yang berhasildilakukaninduksimemiliki rata-rata 16.916,28 + 2.574,75pg/mL yang tidakberbedajauhdengankadar estradiol pasien yang gagalinduksiyaitu 14.832,24 + 2374,47pg/mL (p = 0,65). Kesimpulan: Tidakterdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar progesteron dan estradiol maternal terhadap keberhasilan induksi persalinan. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk mengkonfirmasi hubungan ini dengan lebih baik. Kata kunci: progesteron, estradiol, induksi persalinan

Drinking to Cope Motivations as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Sexual Coercion Victimization and Alcohol Use Among College Women: The Role of Depressive Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Ehlke ◽  
Michelle L. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study examined whether depressive symptoms strengthened the relationship between different forms of sexual coercion victimization and drinking to cope motivations, which was hypothesized to influence alcohol use. Participants were 214 female undergraduates who completed an online survey. Participants who experienced any lifetime sexual coercion and reported higher depressive symptoms were the most likely to report drinking to cope motivations, which in turn were associated with alcohol use. Depressive symptoms did not strengthen the relationship between specific forms of sexual coercion, drinking to cope, and alcohol use. Increasing emotion regulation strategies among sexual coercion victims may reduce drinking.

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