scholarly journals A pilot exploration of multi-omics research of gut microbiome in major depressive disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyang Zhao ◽  
Kangyu Jin ◽  
Chaonan Jiang ◽  
Fen Pan ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Streptococcus Gallolyticus ◽  
Drug Naïve

AbstractThe pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains obscure. Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis’s role in MDD has an increasing attention. However, the specific mechanism of the multi-level effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity, and brain structure is unclear. Multi-omics approaches based on the analysis of different body fluids and tissues using a variety of analytical platforms have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of MGB axis disorders. Therefore, the data of metagenomics, metabolomic, inflammatory factors, and MRI scanning are collected from the two groups including 24 drug-naïve MDD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Then, the correlation analysis is performed in all omics. The results confirmed that there are many markedly altered differences, such as elevated Actinobacteria abundance, plasma IL-1β concentration, lipid, vitamin, and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and diminished grey matter volume (GMV) of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the MDD patients. Notably, three kinds of discriminative bacteria, Ruminococcus bromii, Lactococcus chungangensis, and Streptococcus gallolyticus have an extensive correlation with metabolome, immunology, GMV, and clinical symptoms. All three microbiota are closely related to IL-1β and lipids (as an example, phosphoethanolamine (PEA)). Besides, Lactococcus chungangensis is negatively related to the GMV of left IFG. Overall, this study demonstrate that the effects of gut microbiome exert in MDD is multifactorial.

scholarly journals Citrus reticulatae pericarpium Extract Decreases the Susceptibility to HFD-Induced Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder in Mice Exposed to Azithromycin in Early Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqi Lu ◽  
Yanting You ◽  
Xinghong Zhou ◽  
Qiuxing He ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
Old Mice

BackgroundStudies have shown that gut microbe disorder in mice due to early-life antibiotic exposure promotes glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear and there is not yet an effective intervention or treatment for this process.PurposeThe study investigated whether early-life azithromycin (AZT) exposure in mice could promote high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adulthood. Moreover, the effect of citrus reticulata pericarpium (CRP) extract on glycolipid metabolism disorder via regulation of gut microbiome in mice exposed to antibodies early in life were investigated.Methods and ResultsThree-week-old mice were treated with AZT (50 mg/kg/day) via drinking water for two weeks and then were fed a CRP diet (1% CRP extract) for four weeks and an HFD for five weeks. The results showed that early-life AZT exposure promoted HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder, increased the levels of inflammatory factors, promoted the flora metabolism product trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and induced microbial disorder in adult mice. Importantly, CRP extract mitigated these effects.ConclusionTaken together, these findings suggest that early-life AZT exposure increases the susceptibility to HFD-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder in adult mice, and CRP extract can decrease this susceptibility by regulating gut microbiome.

The role of leptin mediating the relationship between ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms and major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yue Zhu ◽  
Yange Wei ◽  
Jia Duan ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background：Leptin is a multifunctional hormone with influences on neural circuitry in emotional processing, and it may play a role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether leptin levels were differentiated in patients with MDD and those at genetic high risk of MDD (GHR-MDD) and the relationship between leptin and clinical symptoms. Methods: Participants (18 drug-naïve MDD, 15 GHR-MDD and 40 healthy controls) completed clinical assessments and provided blood samples for measurement of leptin levels. Leptin levels were compared across all groups and associations between leptin and clinical symptoms were explored and mediation models tested. Results: We found that leptin was increased in MDD. We also found a correlation between leptin and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms in MDD and that leptin was a significant and independent mediator of clinical state and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms. Conclusions: MDD patients occured with dysregulation of leptin. Additionally, there was a correlation between leptin and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms in MDD. The finding of leptin as a significant and independent mediator of clinical state and ‘Somatic Anxiety’ symptoms suggested leptin plays an indirect effect in somatic depressive symptoms in MDD.

scholarly journals Motivations to Experience Happiness or Sadness in Depression: Temporal Stability and Implications for Coping With Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Millgram ◽  
Jutta Joormann ◽  
Jonathan D. Huppert ◽  
Avital Lampert ◽  
Maya Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Difficulties with emotion regulation in depression may be linked not only to emotion regulation strategies but also to the motivation to experience certain emotions. We assessed the degree of motivation to experience happiness or sadness in major depressive disorders outside the laboratory and prospective links to clinical outcomes over time. Depressed individuals were consistently less motivated to experience happiness and more motivated to experience sadness than nondepressed individuals. The less motivated participants were to experience happiness, the less they tried to upregulate happiness in an emotion regulation task and downregulate negative emotions during real-life stress. Importantly, the less motivated depressed participants were to experience happiness, the more clinical symptoms they exhibited months later during a stressful period, even after controlling for initial levels of symptoms. These findings demonstrate that individual differences in the degree of motivation to experience happiness in depression may carry clinical implications.

Acute and Chronic Depressive Disorders in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Leonid Bardenshtein ◽  
Valeriy Leontiev ◽  
Aleksey Drobyshev ◽  
Aleksandr Tsimbalistov ◽  
Nikolay Malginov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Depression Prevalence ◽  
Patient Category ◽  
Antipsychotic Drug Treatment ◽  
Timely Administration

The review focuses on depressive disorders in cancer patients. The article summarizes the findings of domestic and foreign studies on depression prevalence, clinical symptoms and treatment in head and neck cancer patients. Early detection of affective disorder and timely administration of antipsychotic drug treatment is shown to be important for this patient category.

scholarly journals The Role of HPA Axis and Allopregnanolone on the Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorders and PTSD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5495
Author(s):  
Felipe Borges Almeida ◽  
Graziano Pinna ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Physiological Adaptations ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Major Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cortisol Release

Under stressful conditions, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis acts to promote transitory physiological adaptations that are often resolved after the stressful stimulus is no longer present. In addition to corticosteroids (e.g., cortisol), the neurosteroid allopregnanolone (3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) participates in negative feedback mechanisms that restore homeostasis. Chronic, repeated exposure to stress impairs the responsivity of the HPA axis and dampens allopregnanolone levels, participating in the etiopathology of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MDD and PTSD patients present abnormalities in the HPA axis regulation, such as altered cortisol levels or failure to suppress cortisol release in the dexamethasone suppression test. Herein, we review the neurophysiological role of allopregnanolone both as a potent and positive GABAergic neuromodulator but also in its capacity of inhibiting the HPA axis. The allopregnanolone function in the mechanisms that recapitulate stress-induced pathophysiology, including MDD and PTSD, and its potential as both a treatment target and as a biomarker for these disorders is discussed.

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