scholarly journals Azithromycin promotes alternatively activated macrophage phenotype in systematic lupus erythematosus via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
Shangshang Wang ◽  
Jinran Lin ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated

scholarly journals Trichuris muris infection drives cell-intrinsic IL4R alpha independent colonic RELMα+ macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. e1009768
Author(s):  
Ruth Forman ◽  
Larisa Logunova ◽  
Hannah Smith ◽  
Kelly Wemyss ◽  
Iris Mair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophages ◽  
Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated

The intestinal nematode parasite Trichuris muris dwells in the caecum and proximal colon driving an acute resolving intestinal inflammation dominated by the presence of macrophages. Notably, these macrophages are characterised by their expression of RELMα during the resolution phase of the infection. The RELMα+ macrophage phenotype associates with the presence of alternatively activated macrophages and work in other model systems has demonstrated that the balance of classically and alternatively activated macrophages is critically important in enabling the resolution of inflammation. Moreover, in the context of type 2 immunity, RELMα+ alternatively activated macrophages are associated with the activation of macrophages via the IL4Rα. Despite a breadth of inflammatory pathologies associated with the large intestine, including those that accompany parasitic infection, it is not known how colonic macrophages are activated towards an alternatively activated phenotype. Here, we address this important knowledge gap by using Trichuris muris infection, in combination with transgenic mice (IL4Rαfl/fl.CX3CR1Cre) and IL4Rα-deficient/wild-type mixed bone marrow chimaeras. We make the unexpected finding that education of colonic macrophages towards a RELMα+, alternatively activated macrophage phenotype during T. muris infection does not require IL4Rα expression on macrophages. Further, this independence is maintained even when the mice are treated with an anti-IFNγ antibody during infection to create a strongly polarised Th2 environment. In contrast to RELMα, PD-L2 expression on macrophages post infection was dependent on IL4Rα signalling in the macrophages. These novel data sets are important, revealing a surprising cell-intrinsic IL4R alpha independence of the colonic RELMα+ alternatively activated macrophage during Trichuris muris infection.

Amelogenins promote an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Almqvist ◽  
Maria Werthen ◽  
S. Petter Lyngstadaas ◽  
Magnus S. Agren ◽  
Peter Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated Macrophage ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Biological role of AKT, and regulation of AKT signaling pathway by thymoquinone: perspectives in cancer therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Junaid ◽  
Yeasmin Akter ◽  
Syeda Samira Afrose ◽  
Mousumi Tania ◽  
Md. Asaduzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: AKT/PKB is an important enzyme with numerous biological functions, and its overexpression is related to the carcinogenesis. AKT stimulates different signaling pathways that are downstream of activated tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, hence functions as an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Objective: In this review article, we have interpreted the role of AKT signaling pathways in cancer and natural inhibitory effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) in AKT and its possible mechanism. Method: We have collected the updated information and data on AKT, their role in cancer and inhibitory effect of TQ in AKT signaling pathway from google scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Scopus and many more. Results: There are many drugs already developed, which can target AKT, but very few among them have passed clinical trials. TQ is a natural compound, mainly found in black cumin, which has been found to have potential anti-cancer activities. TQ targets numerous signaling pathways, including AKT, in different cancers. In fact, many studies revealed that AKT is one of the major targets of TQ. The preclinical success of TQ suggests its clinical studies on cancer. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the role of AKT in carcinogenesis, its potent inhibitors in clinical trials, and how TQ acts as an inhibitor of AKT and TQ’s future as a cancer therapeutic drug.

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