scholarly journals IRF1-mediated downregulation of PGC1α contributes to cardiorenal syndrome type 4

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Huang ◽  
Shaobo Wang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Changhong Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Myocardial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Myocardial Mitochondria

Abstract Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS4) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report that morphological and functional changes in myocardial mitochondria are observed in CKD mice, especially decreases in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. High phosphate (HP), a hallmark of CKD, contributes to myocardial energy metabolism dysfunction by downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). Furthermore, the transcriptional factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is revealed as the key molecule upregulated by HP through histone H3K9 acetylation, and responsible for the HP-mediated transcriptional inhibition of PGC1α by directly binding to its promoter region. Conversely, restoration of PGC1α expression or genetic knockdown of IRF1 significantly attenuates HP-induced alterations in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that IRF1-PGC1α axis-mediated myocardial energy metabolism remodeling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRS4.

scholarly journals Adipocyte PHLPP2 inhibition prevents obesity-induced fatty liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
KyeongJin Kim ◽  
Jin Ku Kang ◽  
Young Hoon Jung ◽  
Sang Bae Lee ◽  
Raffaela Rametta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

AbstractIncreased adiposity confers risk for systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but mechanisms underlying this pathogenic inter-organ crosstalk are incompletely understood. We find PHLPP2 (PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2), recently identified as the Akt Ser473 phosphatase, to be increased in adipocytes from obese mice. To identify the functional consequence of increased adipocyte PHLPP2 in obese mice, we generated adipocyte-specific PHLPP2 knockout (A-PHLPP2) mice. A-PHLPP2 mice show normal adiposity and glucose metabolism when fed a normal chow diet, but reduced adiposity and improved whole-body glucose tolerance as compared to Cre- controls with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Notably, HFD-fed A-PHLPP2 mice show increased HSL phosphorylation, leading to increased lipolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mobilized adipocyte fatty acids are oxidized, leading to increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-dependent adiponectin secretion, which in turn increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation to ameliorate obesity-induced fatty liver. Consistently, adipose PHLPP2 expression is negatively correlated with serum adiponectin levels in obese humans. Overall, these data implicate an adipocyte PHLPP2-HSL-PPARα signaling axis to regulate systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis, and suggest that excess adipocyte PHLPP2 explains decreased adiponectin secretion and downstream metabolic consequence in obesity.

scholarly journals The lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate combined with si-HOTAIR can effectively inhibit the proliferation of gliomas

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Hongyang Zhao ◽  
Fenfen Xu ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Xiaojing Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Fibric Acid Derivative ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Glioma Invasion ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Lncrna Hotair

Abstract Background Fenofibrate is a fibric acid derivative known to have a lipid-lowering effect. Although fenofibrate-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) transcription activation has been shown to play an important role in the malignant progression of gliomas, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods In this study, we analyzed TCGA database and found that there was a significant negative correlation between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR and PPARα. Then, we explored the molecular mechanism by which lncRNA HOTAIR regulates PPARα in cell lines in vitro and in a nude mouse glioma model in vivo and explored the effect of the combined application of HOTAIR knockdown and fenofibrate treatment on glioma invasion. Results For the first time, it was shown that after knockdown of the expression of HOTAIR in gliomas, the expression of PPARα was significantly upregulated, and the invasion and proliferation ability of gliomas were obviously inhibited. Then, glioma cells were treated with both the PPARα agonist fenofibrate and si-HOTAIR, and the results showed that the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells were significantly inhibited. Conclusions Our results suggest that HOTAIR can negatively regulate the expression of PPARα and that the combination of fenofibrate and si-HOTAIR treatment can significantly inhibit the progression of gliomas. This introduces new ideas for the treatment of gliomas.

scholarly journals The Novel Role of PGC1α in Bone Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4670
Author(s):  
Cinzia Buccoliero ◽  
Manuela Dicarlo ◽  
Patrizia Pignataro ◽  
Francesco Gaccione ◽  
Silvia Colucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Increased Risk

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) is a protein that promotes transcription of numerous genes, particularly those responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Evidence for a key role of PGC1α in bone metabolism is very recent. In vivo studies showed that PGC1α deletion negatively affects cortical thickness, trabecular organization and resistance to flexion, resulting in increased risk of fracture. Furthermore, in a mouse model of bone disease, PGC1α activation stimulates osteoblastic gene expression and inhibits atrogene transcription. PGC1α overexpression positively affects the activity of Sirtuin 3, a mitochondrial nicotinammide adenina dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase, on osteoblastic differentiation. In vitro, PGC1α overexpression prevents the reduction of mitochondrial density, membrane potential and alkaline phosphatase activity caused by Sirtuin 3 knockdown in osteoblasts. Moreover, PGC1α influences the commitment of skeletal stem cells towards an osteogenic lineage, while negatively affects marrow adipose tissue accumulation. In this review, we will focus on recent findings about PGC1α action on bone metabolism, in vivo and in vitro, and in pathologies that cause bone loss, such as osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Does Not Inhibit IL-6 or TNF-α Responses of Macrophages to Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro or In Vivo

2000 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 1046-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Thieringer ◽  
Judy E. Fenyk-Melody ◽  
Cheryl B. Le Grand ◽  
Beverly A. Shelton ◽  
Patricia A. Detmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Suppression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Coactivator-1α Normalizes the Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Decreased BETA2/NeuroD Gene Transcription and Improved Glucose Tolerance in Diabetic Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4074-4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Kim ◽  
Young-Hye You ◽  
Dong-Sik Ham ◽  
Jae-Hyoung Cho ◽  
Seung-Hyun Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Receptor Site ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1α expression protects against β-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1α in β-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1α in glucolipotoxicity-associated β-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1α in cultured β-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1α also suppressed the expression of the insulin and β-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1α small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1α but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1α. PGC-1α binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1α. Ad-siPGC-1α injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1α expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1α, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Irisin in the primate hypothalamus and its effect on GnRH in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal Wahab ◽  
Ikram Ullah Khan ◽  
Ignacio Rodriguez Polo ◽  
Hira Zubair ◽  
Charis Drummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Hypothalamic Cells ◽  
Endocrine Factor

Irisin, encoded by the FNDC5 gene, is a recently discovered endocrine factor mainly secreted as a myokine and adipokine. However, irisin/FNDC5 expression has also been reported in different other organs including components of the reproductive axis. Yet, there is the scarcity of data on FNDC5/irisin expression, regulation and its reproductive effects, particularly in primates. Here, we report the expression of FNDC5/irisin, along with PGC1A (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) and ERRA (estrogen-related receptor alpha), in components of the reproductive axis of marmoset monkeys. Hypothalamic FNDC5 and ERRA transcript levels are developmentally regulated in both male and female. We further uncovered sex-specific differences in FNDC5, ERRA and PGC1A expression in muscle and the reproductive axis. Moreover, irisin and ERRα co-localize in the marmoset hypothalamus. Additionally, in the arcuate nucleus of rhesus monkeys, the number of irisin+ cells was significantly increased in short-term fasted monkeys as compared to ad libitum-fed monkeys. More importantly, we observed putative interaction of irisin-immunoreactive fibers and few GnRH-immunoreactive cell bodies in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the rhesus monkeys. Functionally, we noted a stimulatory effect of irisin on GnRH synthesis and release in mouse hypothalamic neuronal GT1-7 cells. In summary, our findings show that FNDC5 and irisin are developmentally, metabolic-status dependently and sex-specifically expressed in the primate hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and exert a stimulatory effect on GnRH expression and release in mouse hypothalamic cells. Further studies are required to confirm the reproductive effects of irisin in vivo and to illuminate the mechanisms of its regulation.

scholarly journals Liraglutide suppresses obesity and promotes browning of white fat via miR-27b in vivo and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052110550
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Shuchun Chen ◽  
Dan Lv ◽  
Zelin Li ◽  
Luping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
White Fat

Objective To investigate the effect of liraglutide on the browning of white fat and the suppression of obesity via regulating microRNA (miR)-27b in vivo and in vitro. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat (HF) diet and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated into mature white adipocytes. Rats and mature adipocytes were then treated with different doses of liraglutide. The mRNA and protein levels of browning-associated proteins, including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (CEBPβ), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (CIDEA) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results Liraglutide decreased body weight and reduced the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in HF diet-fed rats. Liraglutide increased the levels of UCP1, PRDM16, CEBPβ, CIDEA and PGC-1α in vivo and vitro. The levels of miR-27b were upregulated in HF diet-fed rats, whereas liraglutide reduced the levels of miR-27b. In vitro, overexpression of miR-27b decreased the mRNA and protein levels of UCP1, PRDM16, CEBPβ, CIDEA and PGC-1α. Transfection with the miR-27b mimics attenuated the effect of liraglutide on the browning of white adipocytes. Conclusion Liraglutide induced browning of white adipose through regulation of miR-27b.

scholarly journals Targeting the EZH2-PPAR Axis Is a Potential Therapeutic Pathway for Pancreatic Cancer

PPAR Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jilong Hu ◽  
Zhinan Zheng ◽  
Jia Lei ◽  
Yuxin Cao ◽  
Qiyun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Agonist ◽  
Combined Use

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is abnormally highly expressed in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, it is not ideal to treat PC by inhibiting EZH2. This study reported that the combined use of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist could significantly improve the anti-PC effect of EZH2 inhibitor. In vitro, PC cell lines PANC-1 and AsPC-1 were cultured, and MTT and flow cytometry were performed to observe the effects of pan-PPAR agonist bezafibrate and EZH2 selective inhibitor GSK126 on cell viability and apoptosis. In vivo, CDXs of PANC-1 and AsPC-1 were established to observe the effects of bezafibrate and GSK126 on bearing tumors. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expressions of H3K27me3, β-catenin, p-β-catenin, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and cleaved caspase 3 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that bezafibrate significantly improved the effects of GSK126 on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion in vitro and the growth suppression of CDX tumors in vivo. It also significantly enhanced the effects of GSK126 on upregulating the expression level of p-β-catenin and that of cleaved caspase 3 in vitro and in vivo. In parallel, downregulation of the expression levels of H3K27me3, β-catenin, cyclin D1, and c-Myc was also observed in vitro or in vivo. These results suggest that the combination of bezafibrate and GSK126 has synergistic effects on PC, and the molecular mechanism may be related to the enhanced inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We believe that targeting the EZH2-PPAR axis is a potential therapeutic pathway for PC.

scholarly journals Role of Hyaluronan in Human Adipogenesis: Evidence from in-Vitro and in-Vivo Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wilson ◽  
Robert Steadman ◽  
Ilaria Muller ◽  
Mohd Draman ◽  
D. Aled Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Role ◽  
The Impact

Hyaluronan (HA), an extra-cellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, may play a role in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to fat but results using murine models and cell lines are conflicting. Our previous data, illustrating decreased HA production during human adipogenesis, suggested an inhibitory role. We have investigated the role of HA in adipogenesis and fat accumulation using human primary subcutaneous preadipocyte/fibroblasts (PFs, n = 12) and subjects of varying body mass index (BMI). The impact of HA on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression was analysed following siRNA knockdown or HA synthase (HAS)1 and HAS2 overexpression. PFs were cultured in complete or adipogenic medium (ADM) with/without 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU = HA synthesis inhibitor). Adipogenesis was evaluated using oil red O (ORO), counting adipogenic foci, and measurement of a terminal differentiation marker. Modulating HA production by HAS2 knockdown or overexpression increased (16%, p < 0.04) or decreased (30%, p = 0.01) PPARγ transcripts respectively. The inhibition of HA by 4-MU significantly enhanced ADM-induced adipogenesis with 1.52 ± 0.18- (ORO), 4.09 ± 0.63- (foci) and 2.6 ± 0.21-(marker)-fold increases compared with the controls, also increased PPARγ protein expression (40%, (p < 0.04)). In human subjects, circulating HA correlated negatively with BMI and triglycerides (r = −0.396 (p = 0.002), r = −0.269 (p = 0.038), respectively), confirming an inhibitory role of HA in human adipogenesis. Thus, enhancing HA action may provide a therapeutic target in obesity.

scholarly journals Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of the Secretome Released from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by PGC-1α-Driven Upregulation of Mitochondrial Proliferation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5589
Author(s):  
Jaeim Lee ◽  
Ok-Hee Kim ◽  
Sang Chul Lee ◽  
Kee-Hwan Kim ◽  
Jin Sun Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor λ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a potent regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the secretome released from the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) transfected with PGC-1α (PGC-secretome). We first generated PGC-1α-overexpressing ASCs by transfecting ASCs with the plasmids harboring the gene encoding PGC-1α. Secretory materials released from PGC-1α-overexpressing ASCs were collected and their therapeutic potential was determined using in vitro (thioacetamide (TAA)-treated AML12 cells) and in vivo (70% partial hepatectomized mice) models of liver injury. In the TAA-treated AML12 cells, the PGC-secretome significantly increased cell viability, promoted expression of proliferation-related markers, such as PCNA and p-STAT, and significantly reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the mice, PGC-secretome injections significantly increased liver tissue expression of proliferation-related markers more than normal secretome injections did (p < 0.05). We demonstrated that the PGC-secretome does not only have higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also has the potential of significantly enhancing liver regeneration in both in vivo and in vitro models of liver injury. Thus, reinforcing the mitochondrial antioxidant potential by transfecting ASCs with PGC-1α could be one of the effective strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of ASCs.

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