scholarly journals A role for subducted albite in the water cycle and alkalinity of subduction fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Chan Hwang ◽  
Huijeong Hwang ◽  
Yoonah Bang ◽  
Jinhyuk Choi ◽  
Yong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The South ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subduction Fluids ◽  
Subduction System ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration

AbstractAlbite is one of the major constituents in the crust. We report here that albite, when subjected to hydrous cold subduction conditions, undergoes hitherto unknown breakdown into hydrated smectite, moganite, and corundum, above 2.9 GPa and 290 °C or about 90 km depth conditions, followed by subsequent breakdown of smectite into jadeite above 4.3 GPa and 435 °C or near 135 km depth. Upon the hydration into smectite, the fluid volume of the system decreases by ~14 %, whereas it increases by ~8 % upon its dehydration into jadeite. Both the hydration and dehydration depths are correlated to increases in seismicity by 93 % and 104 %, respectively, along the South Mariana trench over the past 5 years. Moreover, the formation of smectite is accompanied by the release of OH− species, which would explain the formation of moganite and expected alkalinity of the subducting fluid. Thus, we shed new insights into the mechanism of water transport and related geochemical and geophysical activities in the contemporary global subduction system.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Clem ◽  
Ryan L. Fogt ◽  
John Turner ◽  
Benjamin R. Lintner ◽  
Gareth J. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Our New Cathedrals: Spirituality and Old-Growth Forests in Western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Worth
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
The State ◽  
The South ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
South West ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Policy Proposals

Over the past 30 years in Western Australia (WA), there has been heated debate about the future use of the remaining karri and jarrah forests in the south-west of the State. This debate revolves around policy proposals from two social movements: one wants to preserve as much of the remaining old-growth forests as possible, and an opposing movement supports a continued

Brikettfabrik Witznitz: specific indeterminacy – designing for uncertainty

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Beigel ◽  
Philip Christou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The South ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Competition

A two stage international landscape and urban regeneration design competition was held last year for the site of a former Brikettfabrik at Witznitz near Borna in the south Leipzig region of Germany. The design of the winning entry was based on architectural, urban and landscape design strategies developed over the past five years. This paper opens with an introduction to these ideas and related theoretical precedents. There follows a description of the project's context and of the design itself.

scholarly journals Coherent water transport across the South Atlantic

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 4072-4079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
M. J. Olascoaga ◽  
F. J. Beron‐Vera
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
The South

Plants, vital players in the terrestrial water cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis ◽  
Tom van den Berg ◽  
Martine van der Ploeg ◽  
Elias Kaiser ◽  
Satadal Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Water

<p>Plant transpiration accounts for about half of all terrestrial evaporation (Jasechko et al., 2013). Plants need water for many vital functions including nutrient uptake, growth, maintenance of cell turgor pressure and leaf cooling. Due to the regulation of water transport by stomata in the leaves, plants lose 97% of the water they take via their roots, to the atmosphere. They can be viewed as transpiration-powered pumps on the interface between the soil and atmosphere.</p><p>Measuring plant-water dynamics is essential to gain better insight into their role in the terrestrial water cycle and plant productivity. It can be measured at different levels of integration, from the single cell micro-scale to the ecosystem macro-scale, on time scales from minutes to months. In this contribution, we give an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for transpiration measurement and highlight several promising innovations for monitoring plant-water relations. Some of the techniques we will cover include stomata imaging by microscopy, gas exchange for stomatal conductance and transpiration monitoring, thermometry for water stress detection, sap flow monitoring, hyperspectral imaging, ultrasound spectroscopy, accelerometry, scintillometry and satellite-remote sensing.</p><p>Outlook: To fully assess water transport within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, a variety of techniques is required to monitor environmental variables in combination with biological responses at different scales. Yet this is not sufficient: to truly solve for spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal variability, dense network sampling is needed.</p><p>In PLANTENNA (https://www.4tu.nl/plantenna/en/) a team of electronics, precision and microsystems engineers together with plant and environmental scientists develop and implement innovative (3D-)sensor networks that measure plant and environmental parameters at high resolution and low cost. Our main challenge for in-situ sensor autonomy (“plug and forget”) is energy: we want the sensor nodes to be hyper-efficient and rely fully on (miniaturised) energy-harvesting.</p><p><strong>REFERENCES: </strong></p><p>Jasechko, S., Sharp, Z. D., Gibson, J. J., Birks, S. J., Yi, Y., & Fawcett, P. J. (2013). Terrestrial water fluxes dominated by transpiration. Nature, 496(7445), 347-350.<br>Plantenna: "Internet of Plants". (n.d.). https://www.4tu.nl/plantenna/en/</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Liaison psychiatry services in south England

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Gordon ◽  
Sonia Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The South ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Function

Aims and methodTo investigate liaison psychiatry services across 38 acute trusts in the south of England. We used a telephone survey and compared the results to service structure and function as recommended by the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Psychiatrists.ResultsApproximately two-thirds of trusts surveyed had a dedicated liaison service and this was not significantly related to hospital size. Most liaison teams were understaffed in all disciplines and only a third had a full-time consultant. Services for specialist patient groups were generally well provided for; 37% of teams had been created in the past 5 years and 33% were planning to increase their staffing levels in future.Clinical implicationsLiaison services in the south of England are similar to those in other parts of the UK that have been surveyed. Although the services did not meet the Colleges' recommendations, our study shows some recent growth and development in this specialty.

On the Occurrence of “Sand-Pipes” in the Magnesian Limestone of Durham

The Geologist ◽  
1860 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
J. W. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sand And Gravel

During the past year my attention has been directed to some ourious tube-like cavities in the magnesian limestone near Sunderland, which I believe to be perfectly analogous to the sand- and gravel-pipes of the chalk districts of the south of England and France. And as our knowledge of such pipes has hitherto been almost confined to their occurrence in the chalk, I deem it advisable to describe these in the magnesian limestone; not that they add much to what we already know, or that they afford grounds for a new theory of the origin of sand-pipes, but because it is well that the occurrence of such as are found in other calcareous rocks than chalk should be recorded, and especially when in rocks which differ from the latter in general structure and greater hardness.

scholarly journals ‘Et pour les Belges la même chose’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Marc Boone ◽  
Tom Verschaffel
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
University History ◽  
Past Half

Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was en is een Nederlands-Belgisch project. Belgische, in de realiteit enkel Vlaamse, historici hebben een rol gespeeld in de redactie en als auteurs van bijdragen. Het aandeel van het Zuiden is altijd kleiner geweest dan dat van het Noorden. Het tijdschrift poogde via een (meestal) paritaire samenstelling van de redactie en initiatieven, zoals comparatief opgezette themadossiers, de balans te herstellen. Aangezien het tijdschrift, zeker wat het Zuiden betreft, nauw verbonden was met de universitaire historische vakgroepen, in het bijzonder die van Gent en Leuven, weerspiegelen de evoluties van dit Belgische aandeel algemene verschuivingen in het academisch bedrijf. Uitbreiding van de onderzoeksfinanciering zorgde voor een aangroei en voor een verjonging en vervrouwelijking van het auteursbestand en van de redactie. Ook andere ontwikkelingen in het historisch bedrijf van de voorbije halve eeuw, zoals het verschijnen van nieuwe tijdschriften en de internationalisering van het onderzoek, hadden een impact op de plaats van het tijdschrift en bijgevolg ook op Vlaamse bijdragen en hun auteurs.Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden was and is a Dutch-Belgian project. Belgian, though in fact only Flemish, historians have edited and authored contributions. The share from the South has always been smaller than that from the North. Via a generally balanced composition of the editorial board and initiatives, such as comparatively structured special issues and forums, the journal aimed to restore the balance. Since the journal, especially in the South, was closely affiliated with university history departments, those of the universities of Ghent and Leuven in particular, the evolutions of this Belgian share therefore reflect general shifts in academia. Expansion of research financing brought about accretion, rejuvenation and feminisation of the stock of authors and editors alike. Other developments in historical scholarship from the past half century, such as the appearance of new journals and internationalisation of research, had an impact on the positioning of the journal and consequently on Flemish contributions and their authors as well.

Regional Cooperation in the South Pacific: Twelve Years of the South Pacific Commission

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Padelford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regional Collaboration ◽  
Security Treaty ◽  
Collective Defense ◽  
Post War

The growth of international cooperation in the South Pacific region has been one of the remarkable developments in regional collaboration in the post-war era. During the past twelve years, three multilateral arrangements have come into existence bearing upon South Pacific affairs. These are the six-power South Pacific Commission (SPC), the three-power Australian—New Zealand—United States Mutual Security Treaty (known as ANZUS), and the Southeast Asian Collective Defense Treaty Organization (SEATO).

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