scholarly journals Circulation of pertussis and poor protection against diphtheria among middle-aged adults in 18 European countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Berbers ◽  
◽  
Pieter van Gageldonk ◽  
Jan van de Kassteele ◽  
Ursula Wiedermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractReported incidence of pertussis in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) varies and may not reflect the real situation, while vaccine-induced protection against diphtheria and tetanus seems sufficient. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of DTP antibodies in EU/EEA countries within the age groups of 40–49 and 50–59 years. Eighteen countries collected around 500 samples between 2015 and 2018 (N = 10,302) which were analysed for IgG-DTP specific antibodies. The proportion of sera with pertussis toxin antibody levels ≥100 IU/mL, indicative of recent exposure to pertussis was comparable for 13/18 countries, ranging between 2.7–5.8%. For diphtheria the proportion of sera lacking the protective level (<0.1 IU/mL) varied between 22.8–82.0%. For tetanus the protection was sufficient. Here, we report that the seroprevalence of pertussis in these age groups indicates circulation of B. pertussis across EU/EEA while the lack of vaccine-induced seroprotection against diphtheria is of concern and deserves further attention.

scholarly journals Widespread circulation of pertussis and poor protection against diphtheria among middle-aged adults in 18 European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Berbers ◽  
Pieter van Gageldonk ◽  
Jan van de Kassteele ◽  
Ursula Wiedermann ◽  
Isabelle Desombere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pertussis Infection ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Reported incidence of pertussis in member states of the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) varies and may not reflect the real situation. In the EU/EEA, vaccine-induced protection against diphtheria and tetanus seems sufficient as few cases are reported even among the adult population who was vaccinated many years ago. Aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in EU/EEA countries within the age groups of 40-49 and 50-59 years. Eighteen countries collected around 500 samples between 2015 and 2018 (N=10,302 in total) and they were analysed for IgG-specific antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT), diphtheria toxoid (Dt) and tetanus toxin (TT). The proportion of sera with IgG-PT antibody levels ≥100 IU/mL, indicative for recent pertussis infection was comparable for 13/18 countries ranging between 4.0-6.4%. For diphtheria the proportion of sera lacking the protective level (<0.1 IU/mL) varied between 22.8% and 82.0%. For tetanus the protection was sufficient: only very few sera showed unprotective IgG-TT antibody levels. The seroprevalence of pertussis indicates that the circulation of B. pertussis is widespread across EU/EEA. The lack of vaccine-induced seroprotection against diphtheria in EU/EEA in these age groups is of concern and deserves further attention.

scholarly journals Lessons learnt to keep Europe polio-free: a review of outbreaks in the European Union, European Economic Area, and candidate countries, 1973 to 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Derrough ◽  
Alexandra Salekeen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
World Health ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Economic Area

Between 1973 and 2013, 12 outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis with a cumulative total of 660 cases were reported in the European Union, European Economic Area and candidate countries. Outbreaks lasted seven to 90 weeks (median: 24 weeks) and were identified through the diagnosis of cases of acute flaccid paralysis, for which infection with wild poliovirus was subsequently identified. In two countries, environmental surveillance was in place before the outbreaks, but did not detect any wild strain before the occurrence of clinical cases. This surveillance nonetheless provided useful information to monitor the outbreaks and their geographical spread. Outbreaks were predominantly caused by poliovirus type 1 and typically involved unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated groups within highly immunised communities. Oral polio vaccine was primarily used to respond to the outbreaks with catch-up campaigns implemented either nationwide or in restricted geographical areas or age groups. The introduction of supplementary immunisation contained the outbreaks. In 2002, the European region of the World Health Organization was declared polio-free and it has maintained this status since. However, as long as there are non-vaccinated or under-vaccinated groups in European countries and poliomyelitis is not eradicated, countries remain continuously at risk of reintroduction and establishment of the virus. Continued efforts to reach these groups are needed in order to ensure a uniform and high vaccination coverage.

The EU Influence on Norwegian Domestic Legislation for the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Johansen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In the last several decades, the European Union (EU) has demonstrated its intention to play an important role in supporting Arctic cooperation and helping to meet the challenges now facing the region. Norway, one of the five Arctic coastal states, and the EU have cooperated closely in this regard, particularly through the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA Agreement). This article examines how Norway’s domestic legislation applicable to its Arctic marine areas has been influenced by the development of EU environmental legislation. Specifically, this paper provides a discussion and analysis of the relevant Norwegian laws and mechanisms used to regulate how EU environmental legislation has been incorporated into Norway’s domestic legislation through the EEA Agreement.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF NEW SPATIAL REGIONS IN SOUTH-EAST EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
Kamen Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

The exhibition presents the problems of cross-border cooperation and opportunities for partnership. Within the European Union, conditions are created for regional development on the national territory, as well as for border and cross-border cooperation. In this direction, the article outlines the processes of building a number of Euroregions, which are designed to promote regional development. This report will clarify some of the reasons for their construction, their role and what model of cooperation is available within the European Economic Area.

scholarly journals HIV and AIDS in the European Union, 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Likatavicius ◽  
M Van de Laar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Late Presenters ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Sex With Men

In 2011, a total of 28,038 new HIV diagnoses were reported by European Union and European Economic Area countries. The annual rate of HIV diagnoses does not show clear signs of decrease and HIV continues to be concentrated in selected populations such as men who have sex with men and injecting drug users, and a high proportion reported as late presenters. Despite effective and available antiretroviral treatment, the number of AIDS cases increased in a few countries.

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