scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 outbreaks and interventions on influenza in China and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzhao Feng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Yiran Xie ◽  
Zhibin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Influenza Activity

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was detected in China during the 2019–2020 seasonal influenza epidemic. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and behavioral changes to mitigate COVID-19 could have affected transmission dynamics of influenza and other respiratory diseases. By comparing 2019–2020 seasonal influenza activity through March 29, 2020 with the 2011–2019 seasons, we found that COVID-19 outbreaks and related NPIs may have reduced influenza in Southern and Northern China and the United States by 79.2% (lower and upper bounds: 48.8%–87.2%), 79.4% (44.9%–87.4%) and 67.2% (11.5%–80.5%). Decreases in influenza virus infection were also associated with the timing of NPIs. Without COVID-19 NPIs, influenza activity in China and the United States would likely have remained high during the 2019–2020 season. Our findings provide evidence that NPIs can partially mitigate seasonal and, potentially, pandemic influenza.

scholarly journals Contact, travel, and transmission: The impact of winter holidays on influenza dynamics in the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Ewing ◽  
Elizabeth C. Lee ◽  
Cécile Viboud ◽  
Shweta Bansal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe seasonality of influenza is thought to vary according to environmental factors and human behavior. During winter holidays, potential disease-causing contact and travel deviate from typical patterns, and we aim to understand these changes on age-specific and spatial flu transmission.MethodsWe characterized the changes to transmission and epidemic trajectories among children and adults in a spatial context before, during, and after the winter holidays among aggregated physician medical claims in the United States from 2001 to 2009 and among synthetic data simulated from a deterministic, age-specific spatial metapopulation model.ResultsWinter holidays reduced flu transmission and delayed the trajectory of flu season epidemics. The holiday period itself observed a shift in relative risk of disease from children towards adults. Model results indicated that holidays delay epidemic peaks and synchronize incidence across locations, and contact reductions from school closures rather than age-specific mixing and travel produce these observed holiday dynamics.ConclusionsWinter holidays delay seasonal influenza epidemic peaks due to changes in contact patterns. These findings may improve the future design of influenza intervention strategies, such as the proper timing and duration of school closures, and the spatial and demographic allocation of vaccines.

scholarly journals Air Pollution Increases Influenza Hospitalizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Singer ◽  
Joshua Graff Zivin ◽  
Matthew Neidell ◽  
Nicholas Sanders
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inpatient Hospitalization ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Severe Influenza

AbstractSeasonal influenza is a recurring health burden shared widely across the globe. We study whether air quality affects the occurrence of severe influenza cases that require inpatient hospitalization. Using longitudinal information on local air quality and hospital admissions across the United States, we find that poor air quality increases the incidence of significant influenza hospital admissions. Effects diminish in years with greater influenza vaccine effectiveness. Apart from increasing vaccination rates, improving air quality may help reduce the spread and severity of influenza.

scholarly journals COVID-19 In United States: Statistical Analysis and Inferences From the Empirical Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedita Rethnakar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper investigates the mortality statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic from the United States perspective. Using empirical data analysis and statistical inference tools, we bring out several exciting and important aspects of the pandemic, otherwise hidden. Specific patterns seen in demo- graphics such as race/ethnicity and age are discussed both qualitatively and quantitatively. We also study the role played by factors such as population density. Connections between COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases are also covered in detail. The temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic are also looked at with suf- ficient rigor. It is hoped that statistical inference such as the ones gathered in this paper would be helpful for better scientific understanding, policy prepa- ration and thus adequately preparing, should a similar situation arise in the future.

scholarly journals Influenza Circulation in United States Army Training Camps Before and During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Clues to Early Detection of Pandemic Viral Emergence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Chertow ◽  
Rongman Cai ◽  
Junfeng Sun ◽  
John Grantham ◽  
Jeffery K. Taubenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
1918 Influenza

Abstract Background.  Surveillance for respiratory diseases in domestic National Army and National Guard training camps began after the United States’ entry into World War I, 17 months before the “Spanish influenza” pandemic appeared. Methods.  Morbidity, mortality, and case-fatality data from 605 625 admissions and 18 258 deaths recorded for 7 diagnostic categories of respiratory diseases, including influenza and pneumonia, were examined over prepandemic and pandemic periods. Results.  High pandemic influenza mortality was primarily due to increased incidence of, but not increased severity of, secondary bacterial pneumonias. Conclusions.  Two prepandemic incidence peaks of probable influenza, in December 1917–January 1918 and in March–April 1918, differed markedly from the September–October 1918 pandemic onset peak in their clinical-epidemiologic features, and they may have been caused by seasonal or endemic viruses. Nevertheless, rising proportions of very low incidence postinfluenza bronchopneumonia (diagnosed at the time as influenza and bronchopneumonia) in early 1918 could have reflected circulation of the pandemic virus 5 months before it emerged in pandemic form. In this study, we discuss the possibility of detecting pandemic viruses before they emerge, by surveillance of special populations.

Deaths From Seasonal Influenza Among Pregnant Women in the United States, 1998–2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 919-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Callaghan ◽  
Susan Y. Chu ◽  
Denise J. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Bangkok between 2009 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slinporn Prachayangprecha ◽  
Jarika Makkoch ◽  
Kamol Suwannakarn ◽  
Preeyaporn Vichaiwattana ◽  
Sumeth Korkong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Influenza Activity

Introduction: This study investigated influenza activity in Bangkok, Thailand between June 2009 and July 2012. Methodology: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect influenza viruses among patients with influenza-like illnesses. Results: Of the 6417 patients tested, influenza virus infection was detected in 42% (n = 2697) of the specimens. Influenza A pH1N1 viruses comprised the predominant strain between 2009 and 2010, and seasonal influenza (H3) had a high prevalence in 2011. Laboratory data showed a prevalence and seasonal pattern of influenza viruses. In 2009, influenza activity peaked in July, the rainy season. In 2010, influenza activity happened in two phases, with the initial one at the beginning of the year and another peak between June and August 2010, which again corresponded to the rainy period. Influenza activity was low for several consecutive weeks at the beginning of 2011, and high H3N2 activity was recorded during the rainy season between July and September 2011. However, from the beginning of 2012 through July 2012, pH1N1, influenza H3N2, and influenza B viruses continuously circulated at a very low level. Conclusion: The seasonal pattern of influenza activity in Thailand tended to peak during rainy season between July and September.

scholarly journals The Geographic Synchrony of Seasonal Influenza: A Waves across Canada and the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e21471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dena L. Schanzer ◽  
Joanne M. Langley ◽  
Trevor Dummer ◽  
Samina Aziz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
The United States
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