scholarly journals A membrane-free flow electrolyzer operating at high current density using earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yan ◽  
Jasper Biemolt ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Low Efficiency

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the most sustainable approaches for generating hydrogen. Because of the inherent constraints associated with the architecture and materials, the conventional alkaline water electrolyzer and the emerging proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are suffering from low efficiency and high materials/operation costs, respectively. Herein, we design a membrane-free flow electrolyzer, featuring a sandwich-like architecture and a cyclic operation mode, for decoupled overall water splitting. Comprised of two physically-separated compartments with flowing H2-rich catholyte and O2-rich anolyte, the cell delivers H2 with a purity >99.1%. Its low internal ohmic resistance, highly active yet affordable bifunctional catalysts and efficient mass transport enable the water splitting at current density of 750 mA cm−2 biased at 2.1 V. The eletrolyzer works equally well both in deionized water and in regular tap water. This work demonstrates the opportunity of combining the advantages of different electrolyzer concepts for water splitting via cell architecture and materials design, opening pathways for sustainable hydrogen generation.

An extremely low Pt loading cathode for a highly efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (48) ◽  
pp. 19045-19049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoyoung Kim ◽  
Seunghoe Choe ◽  
Hyanjoo Park ◽  
Jong Hyun Jang ◽  
Sang Hyun Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Current ◽  
Low Pt Loading ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The self-terminated electrodeposition (SED) of a Pt cathode with enhanced mass transfer demonstrates high performance of PEMWEs at high current density.

The Numerical Study of Geometric Influence of Flow Channel Patterns on Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiun-Hsun Chen ◽  
Chang-Hsin Chen ◽  
Tang-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
The Impact

This study numerically investigates how the geometry of flow pattern influences performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and analyzes how these parameters lead to different distributions of model variables. The investigation focuses on the impact of different bend angle and width of serpentine flow channels and tests how they improve the performance. Three-dimensional simulations are carried out with a steady, two-phase, multicomponent and electrochemical model, using CFD-ACE+, the commercial CFD code. Through simulation with various bend angles and widths, the results show that the combination of 60 deg and 120 deg for flow pattern achieves the highest performance at low operating voltage regime, and flow pattern with wider bend width also produces more current at low operating voltages. Plots of current density indicate that high current density locates at the bending areas of the channels. Therefore, the output current densities of each pattern are improved from the change of bend angle and width.

Multimetallic nanostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taekyung Kim ◽  
Byeongyoon Kim ◽  
Taehyun Kwon ◽  
Ho Young Kim ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Current ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), driven by electrocatalysts, is a promising green technology for producing hydrogen. It provides high current density (0.6–2.0 A/cm2 at 1.75–2.20 V/cell) and high...

Applications of two dimensional material-MXene for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and water electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchan Fan ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ranran Wang ◽  
Yezhu Xu ◽  
Xingrui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
Early Transition Metal

: A new kind of two-dimensional (2D) materials MXene (early transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides) is obtained by selective etching the A element from the MAX phases. MXene exhibits both the metallic conductivity and the hydrophilic nature due to its metal layer structure and hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. This review provides an overview of the MXene used in the electrolytes and electrodes for the fuel cells and water splitting. MXene with functional groups termination could construct ion channels that significantly benefits to the ion conductivity through the electrolyte. The metal supported by MXene interaction offers electronic, compositional, and geometric effects that could enhance the catalytic activity and stability. MXene have already shown promising performance for fuel cells and water electrolysis. Herein, the etching and intercalation methods of MXene in recent years are summarized. The applications of MXene for fuel cells electrolyte, catalyst and water splitting catalyst are revealed to provide more brief idea for MXene used as new energy materials.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Microstructure Evolution during FAST Joining of the Tungsten Foil Laminate

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Tan ◽  
Wujie Wang ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Yiran Mao ◽  
Andrey Litnovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Sharp Peak ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Tungsten Foil ◽  
Field Assisted Sintering ◽  
Joining Process

The tungsten (W) foil laminate is an advanced material concept developed as a solution for the low temperature brittleness of W. However, the deformed W foils inevitably undergo microstructure deterioration (crystallization) during the joining process at a high temperature. In this work, joining of the W foil laminate was carried out in a field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) apparatus. The joining temperature was optimized by varying the temperature from 600 to 1400 °C. The critical current for mitigating the microstructure deterioration of the deformed W foil was evaluated by changing the sample size. It is found that the optimal joining temperature is 1200 °C and the critical current density is below 418 A/cm2. According to an optimized FAST joining process, the W foil laminate with a low microstructure deterioration and good interfacial bonding can be obtained. After analyzing these current profiles, it was evident that the high current density (sharp peak current) is the reason for the significant microstructure deterioration. An effective approach of using an artificial operation mode was proposed to avoid the sharp peak current. This study provides the fundamental knowledge of FAST principal parameters for producing advanced materials.

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