scholarly journals Stabilizing indium sulfide for CO2 electroreduction to formate at high rate by zinc incorporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Chi ◽  
Zhuang-Zhuang Niu ◽  
Xiao-Long Zhang ◽  
Peng-Peng Yang ◽  
Jie Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Phase ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Indium Sulfide ◽  
Particle Agglomeration ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Experimental And Theoretical Studies

AbstractRecently developed solid-state catalysts can mediate carbon dioxide (CO2) electroreduction to valuable products at high rates and selectivities. However, under commercially relevant current densities of > 200 milliamperes per square centimeter (mA cm−2), catalysts often undergo particle agglomeration, active-phase change, and/or element dissolution, making the long-term operational stability a considerable challenge. Here we report an indium sulfide catalyst that is stabilized by adding zinc in the structure and shows dramatically improved stability. The obtained ZnIn2S4 catalyst can reduce CO2 to formate with 99.3% Faradaic efficiency at 300 mA cm−2 over 60 h of continuous operation without decay. By contrast, similarly synthesized indium sulfide without zinc participation deteriorates quickly under the same conditions. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, we unveil that the introduction of zinc largely enhances the covalency of In-S bonds, which “locks” sulfur—a catalytic site that can activate H2O to react with CO2, yielding HCOO* intermediates—from being dissolved during high-rate electrolysis.

scholarly journals Tracking structural evolution: operando regenerative CeOx/Bi interface structure for high-performance CO2 electroreduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruichao Pang ◽  
Pengfei Tian ◽  
Hongliang Jiang ◽  
Minghui Zhu ◽  
Xiaozhi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Water Activation

Abstract Unveiling the structural evolution and working mechanism of catalysts under realistic operating conditions is crucial for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction, yet remains highly challenging. Here, by virtue of operando structural measurements at multiscale levels, it is identified under CO2 electroreduction conditions that an as-prepared CeO2/BiOCl precatalyst gradually evolves into CeOx/Bi interface structure with enriched Ce3+ species, which serves as the real catalytically active phase. The derived CeOx/Bi interface structure compared to pure Bi counterpart delivers substantially enhanced performance with a formate Faradaic efficiency approaching 90% for 24 hours in a wide potential window. The formate Faradaic efficiency can be further increased by using isotope D2O instead of H2O. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the regenerative CeOx/Bi interfacial sites can not only promote water activation to increase local *H species for CO2 protonation appropriately, but also stabilize the key intermediate *OCHO in formate pathway.

scholarly journals Continuous Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Formate: Comparative Study of the Influence of the Electrode Configuration with Sn and Bi-Based Electrocatalysts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Díaz-Sainz ◽  
Manuel Alvarez-Guerra ◽  
Angel Irabien
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2

Climate change has become one of the most important challenges in the 21st century, and the electroreduction of CO2 to value-added products has gained increasing importance in recent years. In this context, formic acid or formate are interesting products because they could be used as raw materials in several industries as well as promising fuels in fuel cells. Despite the great number of studies published in the field of the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formic acid/formate working with electrocatalysts of different nature and electrode configurations, few of them are focused on the comparison of different electrocatalyst materials and electrode configurations. Therefore, this work aims at presenting a rigorous and comprehensive comparative assessment of different experimental data previously published after many years of research in different working electrode configurations and electrocatalysts in a continuous mode with a single pass of the inputs through the reactor. Thus, the behavior of the CO2 electroreduction to formate is compared operating with Sn and Bi-based materials under Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs) and Catalyst Coated Membrane Electrodes (CCMEs) configurations. Considering the same electrocatalyst, the use of CCMEs improves the performance in terms of formate concentration and energy consumption. Nevertheless, higher formate rates can be achieved with GDEs because they allow operation at higher current densities of up to 300 mA·cm−2. Bi-based-GDEs outperformed Sn-GDEs in all the figures of merit considered. The comparison also highlights that in CCME configuration, the employ of Bi-based-electrodes enhanced the behavior of the process, increasing the formate concentration by 35% and the Faradaic efficiency by 11%.

Hybrid porous bamboo-like CNTs embedding ultrasmall LiCrTiO4 nanoparticles as high rate and long life anode materials for lithium ion batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakun Tang ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Hongyang Zhao ◽  
Shasha Gao ◽  
Yan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Materials ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Reversible Capacity ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Long Life

Hybrid porous CNTs embedding ultrasmall LiCrTiO4 nanoparticles (6 ± 2 nm) were designed, which exhibited high reversible capacity, excellent rate capability and superior long-term cycling stability, especially at high current densities.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Stabilizing indium sulfide for CO2 electroreduction to formate at high rate by zinc incorporation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Chi ◽  
Zhuang-Zhuang Niu ◽  
Xiao-Long Zhang ◽  
Peng-Peng Yang ◽  
Jie Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Indium Sulfide ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction

scholarly journals Wittichenite semiconductor of Cu3BiS3 films for efficient hydrogen evolution from solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingwang Huang ◽  
Lintao Li ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Kuang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Current Densities

AbstractA highly efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly photocathode with long-term stability is the goal of practical solar hydrogen evolution applications. Here, we found that the Cu3BiS3 film-based photocathode meets the abovementioned requirements. The Cu3BiS3-based photocathode presents a remarkable onset potential over 0.9 VRHE with excellent photoelectrochemical current densities (~7 mA/cm2 under 0 VRHE) and appreciable 10-hour long-term stability in neutral water solutions. This high onset potential of the Cu3BiS3-based photocathode directly results in a good unbiased operating photocurrent of ~1.6 mA/cm2 assisted by the BiVO4 photoanode. A tandem device of Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 with an unbiased solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 2.04% is presented. This tandem device also presents high stability over 20 hours. Ultimately, a 5 × 5 cm2 large Cu3BiS3-BiVO4 tandem device module is fabricated for standalone overall solar water splitting with a long-term stability of 60 hours.

scholarly journals In-Situ Annealed Ti3C2Tx MXene Based All-Solid-State Flexible Zn-Ion Hybrid Micro Supercapacitor Array with Enhanced Stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Li ◽  
Weijia Liu ◽  
Kai Jiang ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Fengyu Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Integrated Electronics ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
Portable Electronics

AbstractZn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (SCs) are considered as promising energy storage owing to their high energy density compared to traditional SCs. How to realize the miniaturization, patterning, and flexibility of the Zn-ion SCs without affecting the electrochemical performances has special meanings for expanding their applications in wearable integrated electronics. Ti3C2Tx cathode with outstanding conductivity, unique lamellar structure and good mechanical flexibility has been demonstrated tremendous potential in the design of Zn-ion SCs, but achieving long cycling stability and high rate stability is still big challenges. Here, we proposed a facile laser writing approach to fabricate patterned Ti3C2Tx-based Zn-ion micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), followed by the in-situ anneal treatment of the assembled MSCs to improve the long-term stability, which exhibits 80% of the capacitance retention even after 50,000 charge/discharge cycles and superior rate stability. The influence of the cathode thickness on the electrochemical performance of the MSCs is also studied. When the thickness reaches 0.851 µm the maximum areal capacitance of 72.02 mF cm−2 at scan rate of 10 mV s−1, which is 1.77 times higher than that with a thickness of 0.329 µm (35.6 mF cm−2). Moreover, the fabricated Ti3C2Tx based Zn-ion MSCs have excellent flexibility, a digital timer can be driven by the single device even under bending state, a flexible LED displayer of “TiC” logo also can be easily lighted by the MSC arrays under twisting, crimping, and winding conditions, demonstrating the scalable fabrication and application of the fabricated MSCs in portable electronics.

scholarly journals B‐Cu‐Zn gas diffusion electrodes for CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products at high current densities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Song ◽  
Joao R. C. Junqueira ◽  
Nivedita Sikdar ◽  
Denis Öhl ◽  
Stefan Dieckhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
High Current ◽  
Gas Diffusion Electrodes ◽  
Co2 Electroreduction ◽  
Current Densities

scholarly journals Endovascular Treatment of Anterior Circulation Aneurysms With the p64 Flow Modulation Device: Mid- and Long-Term Results in 617 Aneurysms From a Single Center

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Aguilar Pérez ◽  
Elina Henkes ◽  
Victoria Hellstern ◽  
Carmen Serna Candel ◽  
Christina Wendl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Anterior Circulation ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract BACKGROUND Flow diverters have become an important tool in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially when dealing with difficult-to-treat or complex aneurysms. The p64 is the only fully resheathable and mechanically detachable flow diverter available for clinical use. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of p64 for the treatment of intracranial saccular unruptured aneurysms arising from the anterior circulation over a long-term follow-up period. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively maintained database to identify all patients who underwent treatment for an intracranial saccular (unruptured or beyond the acute hemorrhage phase) aneurysm arising from the anterior circulation with ≥1 p64 between December 2011 and December 2019. Fusiform aneurysms and dissections were excluded. Aneurysms with prior or concomitant saccular treatment (eg, coiling and clipping) were included. Aneurysms with parent vessel implants other than p64 were excluded. Anatomic features, intraprocedural complications, clinical outcome, as well as clinical and angiographic follow-ups were all recorded. RESULTS In total, 530 patients (388 females; median age 55.9 yr) with 617 intracranial aneurysms met the inclusion criteria. The average number of devices used per aneurysm was 1.1 (range 1-3). Mean aneurysm dome size was 4.8 mm (range 1-27 mm). Treatment-related morbimortality was 2.4%. Early, mid-term, and long-term angiographic follow-up showed complete or near-complete aneurysm occlusion in 76.8%, 89.7%, and 94.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Treatment of intracranial saccular unruptured aneurysms of the anterior circulation using p64 is a safe and effective treatment option with high rate of occlusion at long-term follow-up and low morbimortality.

Scaphoid Nonunion Is a Disabling Problem in a Military Population

Hand ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155894472110031
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Lake ◽  
Rafae Khan ◽  
Kyle W. Mombell ◽  
Mary Fergus ◽  
Dominic Gomez-Leonardelli
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Outcome Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Return To Duty

Background Scaphoid nonunion can occur in up to 55% of displaced scaphoid fractures. Long-term functional outcomes of this injury are lacking. In addition, no study has published rate of return to active military service after this injury. Our goal was to educate providers and patients on expected functional outcomes and return to duty after treatment of scaphoid nonunion. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent scaphoid nonunion repair at our institution from 2008 to 2017. The primary outcome measures were union rates, return to duty rates, and functional outcome scores obtained by telephone call. A total of 144 patients were included and 40 responded to our call for long-term follow-up. Results A total of 72% of patients achieved union after surgery, 18% required revision surgery, and 74% of patients were able to return to full duty after surgery. However, this number progressively decreased at 1, 2, and 5 years after surgery. At an average of 5.9 years after surgery, the mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (qDASH) score was 23.9. The mean qDASH for patients who achieved union (21.9) was significantly lower than those with persistent nonunion (29.2) ( P = .0115). Conclusion Scaphoid nonunion is a difficult problem in the military. We found a high rate of persistent nonunion often requiring revision to partial or full wrist arthrodesis. In addition, our long-term functional outcome scores demonstrate significant disability after this injury, even when union is achieved. This information can help us better counsel our patients and set expectations after treatment of this injury.

scholarly journals Moxetumomab pasudotox in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL): long-term follow-up from the pivotal trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kreitman ◽  
◽  
Claire Dearden ◽  
Pier Luigi Zinzani ◽  
Julio Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Braf Inhibitor ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Background Moxetumomab pasudotox is a recombinant CD22-targeting immunotoxin. Here, we present the long-term follow-up analysis of the pivotal, multicenter, open-label trial (NCT01829711) of moxetumomab pasudotox in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Methods Eligible patients had received ≥ 2 prior systemic therapies, including ≥ 2 purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs), or ≥ 1 PNA followed by rituximab or a BRAF inhibitor. Patients received 40 µg/kg moxetumomab pasudotox intravenously on Days 1, 3, and 5 of each 28-day cycle for up to six cycles. Disease response and minimal residual disease (MRD) status were determined by blinded independent central review. The primary endpoint was durable complete response (CR), defined as achieving CR with hematologic remission (HR, blood counts for CR) lasting > 180 days. Results Eighty adult patients were treated with moxetumomab pasudotox and 63% completed six cycles. Patients had received a median of three lines of prior systemic therapy; 49% were PNA-refractory, and 38% were unfit for PNA retreatment. At a median follow-up of 24.6 months, the durable CR rate (CR with HR > 180 days) was 36% (29 patients; 95% confidence interval: 26–48%); CR with HR ≥ 360 days was 33%, and overall CR was 41%. Twenty-seven complete responders (82%) were MRD-negative (34% of all patients). CR lasting ≥ 60 months was 61%, and the median progression-free survival without the loss of HR was 71.7 months. Hemolytic uremic and capillary leak syndromes were each reported in ≤ 10% of patients, and ≤ 5% had grade 3–4 events; these events were generally reversible. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Conclusions Moxetumomab pasudotox resulted in a high rate of durable responses and MRD negativity in heavily pre-treated patients with HCL, with a manageable safety profile. Thus, it represents a new and viable treatment option for patients with R/R HCL, who currently lack adequate therapy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01829711; first submitted: April 9, 2013. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01829711

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