Refining models of archaic admixture in Eurasia with ArchaicSeeker 2.0

AbstractWe developed a method, ArchaicSeeker 2.0, to identify introgressed hominin sequences and model multiple-wave admixture. The new method enabled us to discern two waves of introgression from both Denisovan-like and Neanderthal-like hominins in present-day Eurasian populations and an ancient Siberian individual. We estimated that an early Denisovan-like introgression occurred in Eurasia around 118.8–94.0 thousand years ago (kya). In contrast, we detected only one single episode of Denisovan-like admixture in indigenous peoples eastern to the Wallace-Line. Modeling ancient admixtures suggested an early dispersal of modern humans throughout Asia before the Toba volcanic super-eruption 74 kya, predating the initial peopling of Asia as proposed by the traditional Out-of-Africa model. Survived archaic sequences are involved in various phenotypes including immune and body mass (e.g., ZNF169), cardiovascular and lung function (e.g., HHAT), UV response and carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., HYAL1/HYAL2/HYAL3), while “archaic deserts” are enriched with genes associated with skin development and keratinization.

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Infant Body Mass Index Trajectories, and Asthma & Lung Function

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2021.02.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gulshan Bano Ali ◽

Dinh Son Bui ◽

Caroline Jane Lodge ◽

Nilakshi T. Waidyatillake ◽

Jennifer L. Perret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Mass Index Trajectories

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Influence of Body Mass Index and Epidural Anesthesia on Lung Function

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000000082 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 120 (2) ◽

pp. 509-510

Author(s):

Jianqiao Zheng ◽

Li Du ◽

Bin Liu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Epidural Anesthesia

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SP642ASSOCIATION OF BODY MASS INDEX WITH LUNG FUNCTION AND INSPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfz103.sp642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Moscoso ◽

Arismendi Cathalina ◽

Luis Ojeda

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Inspiratory Muscle ◽

Inspiratory Muscle Strength

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Mechanical effects of obesity on airway responsiveness in otherwise healthy humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00083.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 408-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Roberto Torchio ◽

Alessandro Gobbi ◽

Carlo Gulotta ◽

Raffaele Dellacà ◽

Marco Tinivella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Rest Period ◽

Healthy Humans ◽

Before And After ◽

Maximum Expiratory Flow ◽

Residual Capacity

We investigated whether obesity is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness in otherwise healthy humans and, if so, whether this correlates with a restrictive lung function pattern or a decreased number of sighs at rest and/or during walking. Lung function was studied before and after inhaling methacholine (MCh) in 41 healthy subjects with body mass index ranging from 20 to 56. Breathing pattern was assessed during a 60-min rest period and a 30-min walk. The dose of MCh that produced a 50% decrease in the maximum expiratory flow measured in a body plethysmograph (PD50MCh) was inversely correlated with body mass index ( r2 = 0.32, P < 0.001) and waist circumference ( r2 = 0.25, P < 0.001). Significant correlations with body mass index were also found with the maximum changes in respiratory resistance ( r2 = 0.19, P < 0.001) and reactance ( r2 = 0.40, P < 0.001) measured at 5 Hz. PD50MCh was also positively correlated with functional residual capacity ( r2 = 0.56, P < 0.001) and total lung capacity ( r2 = 0.59, P < 0.001) in men, but not in women. Neither PD50MCh nor body mass index correlated with number of sighs, average tidal volume, ventilation, or breathing frequency. In this study, airway hyperresponsiveness was significantly associated with obesity in otherwise healthy subjects. In obese men, but not in women, airway hyperresponsiveness was associated with the decreases in lung volumes.

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Body mass index status and peripheral airway obstruction in school-age children: a population-based cohort study

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210716 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 538-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sandra Ekström ◽

Jenny Hallberg ◽

Inger Kull ◽

Jennifer L P Protudjer ◽

Per Thunqvist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Airway Obstruction ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

School Age Children ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Small Airways ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

BackgroundFew large prospective studies have investigated the impact of body mass index (BMI) on lung function during childhood.MethodsUsing data collected between 2002 and 2013, we analysed associations between BMI status and lung function (assessed by spirometry) from 8 to 16 years, as well as cross-sectional associations with small airway function (impulse oscillometry) at 16 years in the BAMSE cohort (n=2889). At 16 years, cross-sectional associations with local and systemic inflammation were investigated by analysing FENO, blood eosinophils and neutrophils.ResultsOverweight and obesity at 8 years were associated with higher FVC, but lower FEV1/FVC ratio at 8 and 16 years. In boys, but not girls, obesity at 8 years was associated with a further reduction in FEV1/FVC between 8 and 16 years. In cross-sectional analyses, overweight and obesity were associated with higher frequency dependence of resistance (R5–20) and larger area under the reactance curve (AX0.5) at 16 years. Increased blood neutrophil counts were seen in overweight and obese girls, but not in boys. No association was found between BMI status and FENO. Persistent, but not transient, overweight/obesity between 8 and 16 years was associated with higher R5–20 and AX0.5 and lower FEV1/FVC (−2.8% (95% CI −4.1 to −1.2) in girls and −2.7% (95% CI −4.4 to −1.1) in boys) at 16 years, compared with persistent normal weight.ConclusionIn childhood and adolescence, overweight and obesity, particularly persistent overweight, were associated with evidence of airway obstruction, including the small airways.

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Age and body mass index affect fit of spirometry GLI references in schoolchildren

10.1101/2021.10.07.21264678 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rebeca Mozun ◽

Cristina Ardura-Garcia ◽

Eva S. L. Pedersen ◽

Jakob Usemann ◽

Florian Singer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Z Scores

AbstractBackgroundReferences from the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) are widely used to interpret children’s spirometry results. We assessed fit for healthy schoolchildren.MethodsLuftiBus in the school (LUIS) is a population-based cross-sectional study done from 2013-2016 in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Parents and children aged 6-17 years answered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms and lifestyle. Children underwent spirometry in a mobile lung function lab. We calculated GLI-based z-scores for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 for healthy White participants. We defined appropriate fit to GLI references by mean values ±0.5 z-scores. We assessed if fit varied by age, body mass index, height, and sex using linear regression models.ResultsWe analysed data from 2036 children with valid FEV1 measurements of which 1762 also had valid FVC measurements. The median age was 12.2 years. Fit was appropriate for children aged 6-11 years for all indices. In adolescents aged 12-17 years, fit was appropriate for FEV1/FVC (mean: -0.09; SD: 1.02) z-scores, but not for FEV1 (mean: -0.62; SD: 0.98), FVC (mean: -0.60; SD: 0.98), and FEF25-75 (mean: -0.54; SD: 1.02). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores fitted better in children considered overweight (means: -0.25, -0.13, -0.38) than normal weight (means: -0.55, -0.50, -0.55; p-trend: <0.001, 0.014, <0.001). FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores depended on both age and height (p interaction: 0.034, 0.019, <0.01).ConclusionGLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores do not fit White Swiss adolescents well. This should be considered when using reference equations for clinical decision making, research and international comparison.Take home messageOur study suggests GLI-based FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 z-scores over detect abnormal lung function in Swiss adolescents, and more so among slimmer adolescents, which has important implications for clinical care, research, and international comparisons.

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446-S: Body Mass Index and Lung Function in Schoolchildren: A Longitudinal Assessment

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s112a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 161 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S112-S112

Author(s):

A Sadeghnejad ◽

K Brooks ◽

C Larder ◽

J Kuehr ◽

M Kopp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Longitudinal Assessment

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The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00214-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 00214-2020

Author(s):

Magnus Svartengren ◽

Gui-Hong Cai ◽

Andrei Malinovschi ◽

Jenny Theorell-Haglöw ◽

Christer Janson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Lung Function ◽

Body Mass ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Weight Group ◽

The Impact

Study objectivesObesity is often associated with lower lung function; however, the interaction of lung function with central obesity and physical inactivity is less clear. As such, we investigated the effect on lung function of body size (body mass index (BMI)), central obesity (waist circumference (WC)) and self-reported physical activity.MethodsLung function, height, weight and WC were measured in 22 743 participants (12 791 women), aged 45–75 years, from the EpiHealth cohort study. Physical activity, gender and educational level were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsObesity, central obesity and physical inactivity were all associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). However, in participants without central obesity there was an increase in both FEV1 and FVC by BMI (% predicted FVC increasing from median 98%, interquartile range (IQR) 89–110% in underweight participants (BMI <20) to 103%, IQR 94–113% in obese participants (BMI ≥30)). In contrast, there was a decrease in % predicted FVC in participants with central obesity (from 98%, IQR 89–109% in the normal weight group to 95%, IQR 85–105% in the obese weight group). We further found a negative association between physical activity and lung function among those with low and high levels of physical activity (% predicted FEV1 97%, IQR 86–107% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively and % predicted FVC 96%, IQR 85–106% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively). All results remained when calculated by z-scores.ConclusionsThe association between BMI and lung function is dependent on the presence of central obesity. Independent of obesity, there is an association between physical activity and lung function.

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