scholarly journals DISPERSE, a trait database to assess the dispersal potential of European aquatic macroinvertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Sarremejane ◽  
Núria Cid ◽  
Rachel Stubbington ◽  
Thibault Datry ◽  
Maria Alp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
New Information ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics

Abstract Dispersal is an essential process in population and community dynamics, but is difficult to measure in the field. In freshwater ecosystems, information on biological traits related to organisms’ morphology, life history and behaviour provides useful dispersal proxies, but information remains scattered or unpublished for many taxa. We compiled information on multiple dispersal-related biological traits of European aquatic macroinvertebrates in a unique resource, the DISPERSE database. DISPERSE includes nine dispersal-related traits subdivided into 39 trait categories for 480 taxa, including Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Arthropoda such as Crustacea and Insecta, generally at the genus level. Information within DISPERSE can be used to address fundamental research questions in metapopulation ecology, metacommunity ecology, macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Information on dispersal proxies can be applied to improve predictions of ecological responses to global change, and to inform improvements to biomonitoring, conservation and management strategies. The diverse sources used in DISPERSE complement existing trait databases by providing new information on dispersal traits, most of which would not otherwise be accessible to the scientific community.

scholarly journals DISPERSE – A trait database to assess the dispersal potential of aquatic macroinvertebrates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Sarremejane ◽  
Núria Cid ◽  
Rachel Stubbington ◽  
Thibault Datry ◽  
Maria Alp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Dispersal Traits ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics

AbstractDispersal is an essential process in population and community dynamics, but is difficult to measure in the field. In freshwater ecosystems, information on biological traits related to organisms’ morphology, life history and behaviour provides useful dispersal proxies, but information remains scattered or unpublished for many taxa. We compiled information on multiple dispersal-related biological traits of European aquatic macroinvertebrates in a unique resource, the DISPERSE database. DISPERSE includes 39 trait categories grouped into nine dispersal-related traits for 480 taxa, including Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Arthropoda such as Crustacea and Insecta, generally at the genus level. Information within DISPERSE can be used to address fundamental questions in metapopulation ecology, metacommunity ecology, macroecology and evolutionary ecology research. Information on dispersal proxies can be applied to improve predictions of ecological responses to global change, and to inform improvements to biomonitoring and conservation management strategies. The diverse sources used in DISPERSE complement existing trait databases by providing new information on dispersal traits, most of which would not otherwise be accessible to the scientific community.

The ecology of parasites of freshwater fishes: the search for patterns

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. KENNEDY
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Parasite Community ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics ◽  
Parasite Populations

SUMMARYDevelopments in the study of the ecology of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes over the last half century are reviewed. Most research has of necessity been field based and has involved the search for patterns in population and community dynamics that are repeatable in space and time. Mathematical models predict that under certain conditions host and parasite populations can attain equilibrial levels through operation of regulatory factors. Such factors have been identified in several host-parasite systems and some parasite populations have been shown to persist over long time-periods. However, there is no convincing evidence that fish parasite populations are stable and regulated since in all cases alternative explanations are equally acceptable and it appears that they are non-equilibrial systems. It has proved particularly difficult to detect replicable patterns in parasite communities. Inter-specific competition, evidenced by functional and numerical responses, has been detected in several communities but its occurrence is erratic and its significance unclear. Some studies have failed to find any nested patterns in parasite community structure and richness, whereas others have identified such patterns although they are seldom constant over space and time. Departures from randomness appear to be the exception and then only temporary. It appears that parasite communities are non-equilibrial, stochastic assemblages rather than structured and organized.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and survival rate of waterfrog tadpoles in relation to biotic and abiotic factors: a field experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Thurnheer ◽  
Heinz-Ulrich Reyer
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Shallow Zone ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics

AbstractPredictions about population and community dynamics are usually based on lab experiments. Because the results are difficult to transfer to natural conditions, the major purpose of this study was to test the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on tadpole populations in a natural environment. We stocked six ponds, created the previous year, with known numbers of Rana esculenta and R. lessonae tadpoles and followed their development over several months. When compared among ponds, tadpole density correlated positively with the nitrate:phosphate ratio. This suggests that water chemistry may have affected survival, either directly or indirectly via productivity. Within ponds, both species showed a clear preference for the shallow zone. This behavior probably reflects a preference for warm water close to the surface, rather than avoidance of predators, because relative densities of odonates also increased from deep to shallow zones. This study is one of few that not only considers the distribution of the anuran tadpoles but the distribution of their predators as well.

scholarly journals Small size today, aquarium dumping tomorrow: sales of juvenile non-native large fish as an important threat in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. B. Magalhães ◽  
Mário Luis Orsi ◽  
Fernando M. Pelicice ◽  
Valter M. Azevedo-Santos ◽  
Jean R. S. Vitule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasion Risk ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Astronotus Ocellatus ◽  
Amphilophus Citrinellus

ABSTRACT Informal sales of large-bodied non-native aquarium fishes (known as “tankbusters”) is increasing among Brazilian hobbyists. In this study, we surveyed this non-regulated trade on Facebook® from May 2012 to September 2016, systematically collecting information about the fishes available for trading: species, family, common/scientific names, native range, juvenile length, behavior, number of specimens available in five geographical regions from Brazil. We also assessed the invasion risk of the most frequently sold species using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Test (FIST). We found 93 taxa belonging to 35 families. Cichlidae was the dominant family, and most species were native to South America. All species are sold at very small sizes (< 10.0 cm), and most display aggressive behavior. The hybrid Amphilophus trimaculatus × Amphilophus citrinellus, Astronotus ocellatus, Uaru amphiacanthoides, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Cichla piquiti, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Datnioides microlepis and Cichla kelberi were the main species available. The southeast region showed the greatest trading activity. Based on biological traits, the FIST indicated that Arapaima gigas, C. kelberi and C. temensis are high-risk species in terms of biological invasions via aquarium dumping. We suggest management strategies such as trade regulations, monitoring, euthanasia and educational programs to prevent further introductions via aquarium dumping.

scholarly journals Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway annotation in Diaphorina citri can reveal potential targets for RNAi based pest management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Tank ◽  
Teresa Shippy ◽  
Amanda Thate ◽  
Crissy Massimino ◽  
Prashant S Hosmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Citrus Greening Disease ◽  
Pathway Annotation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway

Ubiquitination is an ATP-dependent process that targets proteins for degradation by the proteasome. In this study, we annotated 15 genes from the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. This psyllid vector has come to prominence in the last decade due to its role in the transmission of the devastating bacterial pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Infection of citrus crops by this pathogen causes Huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening disease) and results in the eventual death of citrus trees. The identification and correct annotation of these genes in D. citri will be useful for functional genomic studies that aid in the development of RNAi-based management strategies aimed at reducing the spread of HLB. Investigating the effects of CLas infection on the expression of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway genes may provide new information regarding the role that these genes play in the acquisition and transmission of CLas by D. citri.

scholarly journals Lake sedimentary DNA to reveal long-term changes in aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Domaizon
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Aquatic Biodiversity ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Population And Community Dynamics ◽  
Emerging Topics

The emergence of molecular analyses based on the sequencing of sedimentary DNA has opened up many new areas of inquiry in paleolimnology. DNA preserved in sediments (SedDNA) offers the possibility to consider taxa that were traditionally not accessible because they do not leave distinct morphological fossils. Recent applications that considered a diversity of biological groups (including bacteria, protists, zooplankton, fish) illustrate how efficiently SedDNA-based methods complement both classical paleolimnology proxies and limnological data. The knowledge gained from this approach is very diverse in scope, ranging from quantifying natural variability in population and community dynamics to understanding how these biological variables respond to anthropogenic disturbances and climatic change. The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track long-term changes in aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field of research. Based on recent applications, this presentation illustrates (i) the potential and challenges associated with the study of SedDNA to address critical research questions in lacustrine ecology (ii) the main methodological precautions to be taken into account for implementing these types of DNA analyses (i.e. best practices) and (iii) the emerging topics that could be addressed using sedimentary DNA, in particular to reconstruct the temporal dynamics of lacustrine biodiversity.

Microplastics from the Sources to Sinks: Assessment of Microplastics in the River Freshwater Environments and Wastewater Treatment Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H M Enamul Kabir ◽  
Masahiko Sekine ◽  
Tsuyoshi Imai ◽  
Koichi Yamamoto ◽  
Ariyo Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source To Sink ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Marine Realm

&lt;p&gt;Freshwater microplastics pollution has been a recent focus. River freshwater microplastics pollution are vital towards freshwater ecosystems as well as have been the prominent source-to-sink conduits to export MPs into the marine realm. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major point-sources. To date, sources-to-sinks comprehensive knowledge are highly limited. This study explored sources-to-sinks microplastics pollution i.e., WWTPs-to-river-to-marine comprehensively. The two rivers i.e., Koya River (KR) and Nishiki River (NR) which are flowing to the Seto Inland Sea (SIS) and the WWTPs effluent samples were collected from selected (n=37) stations in the Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. Filtration, wet peroxidation, and density separation methods were employed to extract microplastics particles. Polymers were identified via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average microplastics abundances were found KR&amp;#8212;82.25&amp;#177;67.84 n/L and NR&amp;#8212;38.73&amp;#177;24.13 n/L for the river water, and KRWWTPs&amp;#8212;79.5&amp;#177;3.5 n/L and NRWWTPs&amp;#8212;72.25&amp;#177;23.64 n/L for WWTPs effluents, respectively. The KR were found to be more polluted than the NR. WWTPs effluents were found posing higher abundances than rivers. Significantly higher microplastics concentration were found in the WWTPs downstream stations than other river stations. Characterization revealed that small MPs (&lt;1000 &amp;#181;m) in size, fibers in shape, polymers&amp;#8212; polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, vinylon were major in both of the WWTPs effluents and rivers. WWTPs influenced river environments by means both of the abundances and microplastics characteristics (shapes-size-polymers). The estimated source-to-sink emission demonstrated a substantial number of MPs discharge into the rivers by the WWTPs (0.007&amp;#8212;0.086 billion/day) and rivers-to-SIS marine environments (1.15&amp;#8212;7.951 billion/day). The emission represented that the WWTPs were the prominent point-source to cause river microplastics pollution. Rivers were the initial sinks of the Japan land-sourced microplastics and prominent pathways to emit microplastics to the ultimate marine sink i.e., SIS. Large amounts of MPs are being generated on land sources before the plastics wastes degrade into MPs secondarily. The pollution characteristics (shapes-sizes-polymers) indicated ecotoxicological threats to these rivers and the downstream environments. Overall, this study provided an insight of sources-to-sinks pollution, fulfilled the preliminary knowledge gaps of pollution occurring land-sources, fate and loadings. We recommended microplastics pollution control at source. This study will aid in developing microplastics pollution control and management strategies for environmental protection and sustainability in the regional Japan as well as global context upon &amp;#8220;thinking globally and acting locally&amp;#8221;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords: &lt;/strong&gt;Abundance, Point-source, Source-to-sink, Riverine microplastics pollution, Wastewater treatment plants&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Less Is More: Genome Reduction and the Emergence of Cooperation—Implications into the Coevolution of Microbial Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Bosi ◽  
Flavia Mascagni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Genome Reduction ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Organisms change to adapt to the environment in which they live, evolving with coresiding individuals. Classic Darwinism postulates the primal importance of antagonistic interactions and selfishness as a major driver of evolution, promoting an increase of genomic and organism complexities. Recently, advancements in evolutionary ecology reshaped this notion, showing how leakiness in biological functions favours the adaptive genome reduction, leading to the emergence of codependence patterns. Microbial communities are complex entities exerting a gargantuan influence on the environment and the biology of the eukaryotic hosts they are associated with. Notwithstanding, we are still far from a comprehension of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms governing the community dynamics. Here, we review the implications of genome streamlining into the unfolding of codependence within microbial communities and how this translates to an understanding of ecological patterns underlying the emerging properties of the community.

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