scholarly journals Anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments of water bodies in the neighborhood of a non-ferrous metal smelter (Silesian Upland, Southern Poland)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Machowski ◽  
Martyna A. Rzetala ◽  
Mariusz Rzetala ◽  
Maksymilian Solarski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Trace Components ◽  
Metal Smelter

Abstract An assessment was carried out of the anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of the bottom sediments of water bodies situated in an area with an urban and industrial character (63.7% of the total area). The endorheic catchments of the water bodies studied are lithologically uniform with sandy formations accounting for more than 90% of the surface area. On the basis of geoaccumulation index values, it was found that the bottom sediments of the water bodies studied were contaminated with the following elements: Cd, Zn, S, As, Pb, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Ba, Ni, V, Be, in degrees ranging from moderate to extreme, with lower contamination (or absence of contamination) with the same elements being found in the formations present in the vicinity and in the substrate of the basins of water bodies. It was found that one consequence of the fact that these water bodies are located in urban and industrial areas is that there is anthropogenic enrichment of the chemical composition of bottom sediments with certain basic components (organic matter, Mn, Ca and P compounds) and trace elements: Cd, Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Cu and Co, Br, Ni, S, Be, Cs, Sr, V, Cr, Sc, Ba, U, Ce, Eu and Th, with virtually no enrichment of sediments with the other basic and trace components analysed (La, Rb, K2O, Nd, Sm, Na2O, Hf, SiO2, Zr).

scholarly journals Characteristics of bottom sediments of Lake Widryńskie

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Szymański ◽  
Julita Dunalska ◽  
Michał Łopata ◽  
Izabela Bigaj ◽  
Rafał Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Littoral Sediments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Profundal Zone

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of Lake Widryńskie bottom sediments (max. depth. 27.0 m, area 123.9 ha). The sampling of bottom sediments was conducted once, on 16 August 2010. Sampling was made in 10 specific areas. Among the 10 samples, 4 samples were taken from the littoral and sublittoral zones, while the rest were taken from the profundal zone. The dominant component of the sediments was silica and calcium carbonates were subdominant. Based on the survey, it was determined that silica occurred in greater numbers in littoral sediments, while in sublittoral sediments there was increased participation in the chemical composition of organic matter. The elements that build a capacity complex were a small percentage of the dry weight of sediment. Sediment from the vicinity of inflows contains higher amounts of silica, which confirmed the impact of the catchment on the chemical composition of sediments.

Cover crops as alternative forages for ruminants: nutritive characteristics, in vitro digestibility, methane and ammonia production

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Maxin ◽  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Josiane Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Berseem Clover

Context The use of cover crops provides agronomic and environmental benefits in crop–livestock systems. They can also constitute alternative forage resources for ruminants, particularly when climatic conditions limit grass supply. However, information on the nutritive value of these crops remains scarce. Aims The objective of the present study was to assess the fresh forage potential of several plant species (sainfoin, buckwheat, phacelia, berseem clover, crimson clover and vetch) commonly used as cover crops and harvested at two phenological stages, namely, vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Methods Chemical composition and fermentation parameters after in vitro ruminal incubation of the plant species were measured and compared with those of lucerne. Key results Chemical composition and in vitro organic-matter digestibility varied both with species (P < 0.001) and stage (P < 0.001). Crude protein concentration (g/kg dry matter) varied at VS from 212 (sainfoin) to 151 (phacelia), and at FS from 187 (vetch) to 88 (phacelia). The in vitro organic-matter digestibility at VS varied from 0.91 (buckwheat) to 0.82 (lucerne), and at FS from 0.81 (vetch) to 0.74 (lucerne). Buckwheat and sainfoin had the greatest concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds. The incubation of phacelia, sainfoin and buckwheat resulted in a lower production of volatile fatty acids than did incubation with the other plant species. Methane production was lower at both stages for phacelia (–26%), buckwheat (–12%), sainfoin (–14%) and berseem clover (–13%) than it was for lucerne. Ammonia production expressed as total N proportion was significantly lower for sainfoin and buckwheat than for the other plant species. The reductions in methane and ammonia appeared to be linked to certain phenolic compounds for buckwheat and to condensed tannins for sainfoin. Conclusions The present study showed that these cover crop species hold nutritive characteristics as good as lucerne, indicating that they could be suitable for ruminant nutrition. Moreover, buckwheat and sainfoin have potential beneficial effects on methane and ammonia production. Implications These results constitute a first step towards a recommendation to farmers to use cover crops as forage.

Distribution of metallic trace elements (ETM) in surface soils around the Mediouna discharge (southern of Casablanca)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metallic Trace Elements ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Uncontrolled Landfill

The objective of present research was to characterize the surface soils located at 300, 600 and 1000 m of an uncontrolled landfill. The work also aims to evaluate the levels and spatial distribution of metallic trace elements (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Co and As) in these soils. Soil samples were collected in 36 points around the landfill. Results showed that Cd, Pb, Zn are concentrated in the soils rich in clay and carbonates, and in organic matter, located at 300 m from the landfill. The basic pH of all soils enhances the retention of these metals. On the other hand, As present in soils at 300, 600 and 1000 m at concentrations slightly higher than those of referenced soils were apparently mobilized by water from the solid/water interfaces. The other metals Cu, Ni, Co, Cr are present at very low concentrations.

Assessment of Seldom Monitored Trace Elements Contamination in Surface Sediments of Bohai Bay, North China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1233-1238
Author(s):  
Jin Lu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Huai Dong Zhou ◽  
Shu Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North China ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Geochemical Study

A geochemical study of was carried out to analyze the concentrations, distribution and accumulation of the SMTEs (Seldom Monitored Trace Elements) in sediments of Bohai Bay, North China. The results showed that the average concentrations of V, Co, Mo, Sb, Tl and Mn were 98.26, 15.07, 0.75, 2.06, 0.64 and 678.80 mg/kg, respectively. SMTEs concentrations and their spatial distribution indicated that the SMTEs were due to anthropogenic inputs except for Mo. The assessment of Geoaccumulation Index showed that Sb was at the level of unpolluted to moderately polluted, and the other SMTEs were at the unpolluted level. The order of the pollution level of the SMTEs was: Sb > Tl > V Co > Mn > Mo.

The Mineralization of Plankton

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Kleerekoper
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lake Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Made In

The rate and the thoroughness of the decomposition of plankton remains are important factors in the cycles of some nutrients in lakes. Experimental data on the mineralization of plankton in vitro are available, especially of marine organisms, but quantitative observations on this process in nature are not mentioned in the literature. This paper presents the results of such observations, made in Lake Lauzon, Montcalm County, P.Q., by means of a sediment collector described in an earlier paper. The chemical composition of plankton, of sediment collected at the 11-meter level, and of surface bottom sediments are studied. Most of the decomposition of the sinking detritus takes place in the epilimnion of the lake. Sediment collected at the 11-meter level, in weekly intervals, shows a remarkable resemblance in composition with the surface bottom sediments. Most of the nitrogen is liberated in the upper 11 meters of water. The liberation of phosphorus seems to be slower and the surface bottom sediments are actually enriched with this element. Silica is enriched at both the 11-meter level and the bottom of the lake, mainly through the settling of diatom frustules. Hydrolysis of organic matter in the upper 11-meter column of the lake decreases in the course of the summer. Mineralization seems to be practically halted in the oxygen-poor hypolimnion.

scholarly journals STATE OF WATER BODIES IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISES (CASE STUDY OF LOVOZERSKY MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
E. A. Krasavtseva ◽  
◽  
S. S. Sandimirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Murmansk Region

Introduction. This extended study is the first to analyze the chemical composition of the surface waters and bottom sediments of the lakes affected to various extents by Lovozersky Mining and Processing Plant (Revda urban settlement, Murmansk Region) performing mining and processing of rare metal ores. Methods. During the study, we used data obtained in the course of research in 1995–2005 and 2019–2020. Water and bottom sediment samples were analyzed using various methods. The total contents of elements in the bottom sediments were compared with the background values or, in their absence, with the clarke contents of elements in the Earth’s crust. To assess the level of pollution in the Sergevan River receiving wastewater from the plant, the maximum pollution index was calculated. Results. Over the past 35 years, the chemical composition of the surface waters of nearby water bodies underwent minor changes. No significant excess of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies was found. The comparison of the contents of heavy metals in the bottom sediments collected from Lakes Ilma and Krivoye with the background values revealed contamination of the Lake Ilma with strontium, zinc and manganese. Besides, a multiple excess of the content of rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd), Nb and Ta was established in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma in comparison with that in Lake Krivoye. The analysis of the river water samples taken at different distances upstream and downstream the site of wastewater discharge confirmed the assumption about the pollution of the Sergevan River by wastewater from the plant. Conclusion. The pollution of the water bodies is mainly caused by wastewater discharged from the plant, however, the increased content of rare earth elements in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma may be due to air transport of particles of loparite ore concentration tailings, drainage from tailing dams, or degradation of underlying rocks.

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