Continuous scanning for Bragg coherent X-ray imaging

Abstract We explore the use of continuous scanning during data acquisition for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging, i.e., where the sample is in continuous motion. The fidelity of continuous scanning Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is demonstrated on a single Pt nanoparticle in a flow reactor at $$400\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$ 400 ∘ C in an Ar-based gas flowed at 50 ml/min. We show a reduction of 30% in total scan time compared to conventional step-by-step scanning. The reconstructed Bragg electron density, phase, displacement and strain fields are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from conventional step-by-step scanning. Continuous scanning will allow to minimise sample instability under the beam and will become increasingly important at diffraction-limited storage ring light sources.

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Single-Shot Coherent X-Ray Imaging Instrument at PAL-XFEL

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5082

Author(s):

Daeho Sung ◽

Daewoong Nam ◽

Myong-jin Kim ◽

Seonghan Kim ◽

Kyung Sook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Spectroscopy ◽

Single Shot ◽

Pump Probe ◽

X Ray ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Scattering Geometry ◽

Diffraction Imaging ◽

Imaging Instrument ◽

Pal Xfel

We developed a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). This experimental platform was established to conduct a variety of XFEL experiments, including coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), and coherent X-ray scattering (CXS). Based on the forward-scattering geometry, this instrument utilizes a fixed-target method for sample delivery. It is well optimized for single-shot-based experiments in which one expects to observe the ultrafast phenomena of nanoparticles at picosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolutions. In this paper, we introduce a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument and report pump–probe coherent diffraction imaging (PPCDI) of Ag nanoparticles as an example of its applications.

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Beyond Crystallography: Coherent Diffraction Imaging and Atomic Resolution Electron Tomography

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances ◽

10.1107/s205327331409994x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (a1) ◽

pp. C5-C5

Author(s):

John Miao

Keyword(s):

Electron Tomography ◽

Iterative Algorithms ◽

Atomic Resolution ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Pt Nanoparticle ◽

Solid State Physics ◽

X Ray ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Diffraction Imaging

The discovery and interpretation of X-ray diffraction from crystals by von Laue, Henry and Lawrence Bragg about a century ago marked the beginning of a new era for visualizing the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structures in crystals. In 1999, the methodology of X-ray crystallography was extended to allow the structure determination of non-crystalline specimens, which is known as coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) or lensless imaging. In CDI, the diffraction pattern of a non-crystalline sample or a nanocrystal is first measured and then directly phased to obtain an image. The well-known phase problem is solved by combining the oversampling method with iterative algorithms. In the first part of the talk, I will present the principle of CDI and illustrate some applications using synchrotron radiation and X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). In the second part of the talk, I will present a general tomographic method for determining the 3D local structure of materials at atomic resolution. By combining scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a novel data acquisition and image reconstruction method known as equally sloped tomography (EST), we achieve electron tomography at 2.4 Å resolution and observe nearly all the atoms in a multiply-twinned Pt nanoparticle. We find the existence of atomic steps at 3D twin boundaries of the Pt nanoparticle and, for the first time, image the 3D core structure of edge and screw dislocations in materials at atomic resolution. We expect this atomic resolution electron tomography method to find application in solid state physics, materials sciences, nanoscience, chemistry and biology.

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Design of the experimental stage for coherent diffraction imaging

Diamond Light Source Proceedings ◽

10.1017/s2044820110000079 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (SRMS-7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Z. D. Pešić ◽

U. H. Wagner ◽

C. Rau

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Design ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Coherent Imaging ◽

Full Field ◽

X Ray ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Diffraction Imaging ◽

Experimental Stage

The I13 beamline of Diamond Light Source encompasses two fully independent branches devoted for coherent imaging experiments (coherent X-ray diffraction and ptychography) and X-ray imaging and tomography (full-field microscopy and in-line phase contrast imaging). This contributed paper outlines the main features of the coherence beamline and a preliminary design of the experimental station for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging.

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X-ray imaging of silicon die within fully packaged semiconductor devices

Powder Diffraction ◽

10.1017/s088571562100021x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Brian K. Tanner ◽

Patrick J. McNally ◽

Andreas N. Danilewsky

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Monochromatic Radiation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Divergent Beam ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Setting Process ◽

Diffraction Imaging ◽

Lattice Planes

X-ray diffraction imaging (XRDI) (topography) measurements of silicon die warpage within fully packaged commercial quad-flat no-lead devices are described. Using synchrotron radiation, it has been shown that the tilt of the lattice planes in the Analog Devices AD9253 die initially falls, but after 100 °C, it rises again. The twist across the die wafer falls linearly with an increase in temperature. At 200 °C, the tilt varies approximately linearly with position, that is, displacement varies quadratically along the die. The warpage is approximately reversible on cooling, suggesting that it has a simple paraboloidal form prior to encapsulation; the complex tilt and twisting result from the polymer setting process. Feasibility studies are reported, which demonstrate that a divergent beam and quasi-monochromatic radiation from a sealed X-ray tube can be used to perform warpage measurements by XRDI in the laboratory. Existing tools have limitations because of the geometry of the X-ray optics, resulting in applicability only to simple warpage structures. The necessary modifications required for use in situations of complex warpage, for example, in multiple die interconnected packages are specified.

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A high-pressure cryocooling method for protein crystals and biological samples with reduced background X-ray scatter

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s0021889812045013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 234-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chae Un Kim ◽

Jennifer L. Wierman ◽

Richard Gillilan ◽

Enju Lima ◽

Sol M. Gruner

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Protein Crystal ◽

High Background ◽

X Ray ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Alternative Method ◽

Helium Gas ◽

Diffraction Imaging

High-pressure cryocooling has been developed as an alternative method for cryopreservation of macromolecular crystals and successfully applied for various technical and scientific studies. The method requires the preservation of crystal hydration as the crystal is pressurized with dry helium gas. Previously, crystal hydration was maintained either by coating crystals with a mineral oil or by enclosing crystals in a capillary which was filled with crystallization mother liquor. These methods are not well suited to weakly diffracting crystals because of the relatively high background scattering from the hydrating materials. Here, an alternative method of crystal hydration, called capillary shielding, is described. The specimen is kept hydratedviavapor diffusion in a shielding capillary while it is being pressure cryocooled. After cryocooling, the shielding capillary is removed to reduce background X-ray scattering. It is shown that, compared to previous crystal-hydration methods, the new hydration method produces superior crystal diffraction with little sign of crystal damage. Using the new method, a weakly diffracting protein crystal may be properly pressure cryocooled with little or no addition of external cryoprotectants, and significantly reduced background scattering can be observed from the resulting sample. Beyond the applications for macromolecular crystallography, it is shown that the method has great potential for the preparation of noncrystalline hydrated biological samples for coherent diffraction imaging with future X-ray sources.

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Simulation of Coherent Diffraction Imaging Based on Scanning Transimission X-Ray Microscopy of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility

Acta Optica Sinica ◽

10.3788/aos201131.0418001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 0418001

Author(s):

谭兴兴 Tan Xingxing ◽

刘海岗 Liu Haigang ◽

郭智 Guo Zhi ◽

吴衍青 Wu Yanqing ◽

许子健 Xu Zijian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synchrotron Radiation ◽

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility ◽

X Ray ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

Diffraction Imaging

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Multi-beam X-ray ptychography for high-throughput coherent diffraction imaging

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76412-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yudong Yao ◽

Yi Jiang ◽

Jeffrey A. Klug ◽

Michael Wojcik ◽

Evan R. Maxey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fresnel Zone ◽

Field Of View ◽

X Ray ◽

Single Beam ◽

Coherent Diffraction Imaging ◽

Diffraction Imaging ◽

Extended Field ◽

Resolution Imaging ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Scanning Mechanism

Abstract X-ray ptychography is a rapidly developing coherent diffraction imaging technique that provides nanoscale resolution on extended field-of-view. However, the requirement of coherence and the scanning mechanism limit the throughput of ptychographic imaging. In this paper, we propose X-ray ptychography using multiple illuminations instead of single illumination in conventional ptychography. Multiple locations of the sample are simultaneously imaged by spatially separated X-ray beams, therefore, the obtained field-of-view in one scan can be enlarged by a factor equal to the number of illuminations. We have demonstrated this technique experimentally using two X-ray beams focused by a house-made Fresnel zone plate array. Two areas of the object and corresponding double illuminations were successfully reconstructed from diffraction patterns acquired in one scan, with image quality similar with those obtained by conventional single-beam ptychography in sequence. Multi-beam ptychography approach increases the imaging speed, providing an efficient way for high-resolution imaging of large extended specimens.

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