scholarly journals Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Senok ◽  
Rania Nassar ◽  
Handan Celiloglu ◽  
Anju Nabi ◽  
Mubarak Alfaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), “Bengal- Bay Clone”. Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT + fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT + cas + fusC + ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV + fusC + ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV + fusC + tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V + fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n = 181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n = 132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n = 179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n = 2) and cfr gene (n = 1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape.

scholarly journals Novel Characteristics of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 59 in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Takano ◽  
Wataru Higuchi ◽  
Taketo Otsuka ◽  
Tatiana Baranovich ◽  
Shymaa Enany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V

ABSTRACTCommunity-acquired methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) strains, which often produce Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), are increasingly noted worldwide. In this study, we examined 42 MRSA strains (25 PVL-positive [PVL+] strains and 17 PVL-negative [PVL−] strains) isolated in Taiwan for their molecular characteristics. The PVL+MRSA strains included CA-MRSA strains with multilocus sequence type (ST) 59 (major PVL+MRSA in Taiwan), its variants, and worldwide CA-MRSA ST30 strains. The PVL−MRSA strains included the pandemic Hungarian MRSA ST239 strain, the Hungarian MRSA ST239 variant, MRSA ST59 (largely hospital-acquired MRSA strains) and its variants, the pandemic New York/Japan MRSA ST5 strain (Japanese type), and the MRSA ST8 strain. The major PVL+CA-MRSA ST59 strain possessed a tetracycline resistance-conferring (tetKpositive) penicillinase plasmid and a drug resistance gene cluster (a possible composite transposon) for multidrug resistance. Moreover, it carried a novel staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) with two distinctccrCgenes (ccrC2-C8). This SCCmec(previously named SCCmectype VT) was tentatively designated SCCmectype VII. Sequencing of the PVL genes revealed the polymorphisms, and the PVL+CA-MRSA ST59 strain possessed the ST59-specific PVL gene sequence. The data suggest that a significant amount of clonal spread is occurring in Taiwan and that the major PVL+CA-MRSA ST59Taiwanstrain exhibits unique genetic characteristics, such as a novel SCCmectype and an ST59-specific PVL gene sequence.

Emergence of High-Level Mupirocin Resistance in Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolated From Brazilian University Hospitals

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Leila de Souza Fonseca ◽  
Paulo Pinto Gontijo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
High Level

AbstractSurveillance for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was implemented in Rio de Janeiro and Uberlândia University Hospitals, which had different policies on use of mupirocin. One hundred fourteen multiresistant MRSA strains were isolated from 62 patients. Mupirocin resistance was observed in 63% of strains in Rio de Janeiro, where there was extensive use of topical mupirocin, and 6.1% in Uberlândia, where its use was rare.

Vancomycin-gentamicin synergism revisited: effect of gentamicin susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1534-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mulazimoglu ◽  
S D Drenning ◽  
R R Muder
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcal Infection ◽  
Bacteriological Response ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Kill

Vancomycin monotherapy of deep-seated staphylococcal infection may be associated with poor bacteriological response. We evaluated 24 unique patient isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for vancomycin-gentamicin synergism by determining time-kill curves for vancomycin at 10 micrograms/ml and gentamicin at 1 microgram/ml. Nine MRSA strains showed high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) (MIC, > 500 micrograms/ml), and 15 did not. Vancomycin-gentamicin demonstrated synergism against none of the HLGR strains. For the non-HLGR strains, gentamicin agar dilution MICs ranged from 0.5 to > 128 micrograms/ml. Vancomycin-gentamicin demonstrated synergism against six of these strains and indifference against nine of them. There was no relationship between the agar dilution MIC of gentamicin and the occurrence of synergism against non-HLGR strains. We conclude that a gentamicin MIC of > 500 micrograms/ml predicts a lack of vancomycin-gentamicin synergism for strains of MRSA. For non-HLGR strains, synergism is not predictable from the gentamicin MIC.

scholarly journals Mupirocin-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Canadian Hospitals

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3880-3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Simor ◽  
Tammy L. Stuart ◽  
Lisa Louie ◽  
Christine Watt ◽  
Marianne Ofner-Agostini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Laboratory Characterization ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly being reported in many parts of the world. This study describes the epidemiology and laboratory characterization of mupirocin-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains in Canadian hospitals. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing of 4,980 MRSA isolates obtained between 1995 and 2004 from 32 Canadian hospitals was done in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of strains with high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMupr) were compared with those of mupirocin-susceptible (Mups) strains. MRSA strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and typing of the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec. PCR was done to detect the presence of the mupA gene. For strains with mupA, plasmid DNA was extracted and subjected to Southern blot hybridization. A total of 198 (4.0%) HLMupr MRSA isolates were identified. The proportion of MRSA strains with HLMupr increased from 1.6% in the first 5 years of surveillance (1995 to 1999) to 7.0% from 2000 to 2004 (P < 0.001). Patients with HLMupr MRSA strains were more likely to have been aboriginal (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 9.4; P = 0.006), to have had community-associated MRSA (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 5.0; P = 0.05), and to have been colonized with MRSA (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.0; P = 0.04). HLMupr MRSA strains were also more likely to be resistant to fusidic acid (21% versus 4% for mupirocin-susceptible strains; P < 0.001). All HLMupr MRSA strains had a plasmid-associated mupA gene, most often associated with a 9-kb HindIII fragment. PFGE typing and analysis of the plasmid profiles indicate that both plasmid transmission and the clonal spread of HLMupr MRSA have occurred in Canadian hospitals. These results indicate that the incidence of HLMupr is increasing among Canadian strains of MRSA and that HLMupr MRSA is recovered from patients with distinct clinical and epidemiologic characteristics compared to the characteristics of patents with Mups MRSA strains.

scholarly journals Tracking methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in a hospital in Southern Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2, Mar-Abr) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Ortíz-Gil ◽  
Maria Elena Velazquez-Meza ◽  
Gabriela Echániz-Aviles ◽  
Javier Paul Mora-Domínguez ◽  
María Noemi Carnalla-Barajas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Sccmec Types

Objective. This study describes the clinical and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that were collected in the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Veracruz (HRV). Material and Methods. A total of 107 MRSA strains from individual patients were examined in the present study. The strains examined were collected between September 2009 and September 2010. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients were analyzed; molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to characterize the isolates. Results. Two PFGE patterns (NY/J and IB) were identified with 4 and 3 subtypes respectively. The isolates analyzed showed two SCCmec types (I and II) and two sequence types (ST), ST247 and ST5 related with the Iberian and New York/Japan clones respectively. Conclusion. This study establishes the presence of two very important clonal lineages of MRSA: New York/Japan and Iberian clone in hospital environment.  

scholarly journals Characterisation of S. aureus/MRSA CC1153 and review of mobile genetic elements carrying the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Monecke ◽  
Elke Müller ◽  
Sascha D. Braun ◽  
Marc Armengol-Porta ◽  
Michèle Bes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes

AbstractWhile many data on molecular epidemiology of MRSA are available for North America, Western Europe and Australia, much less is known on the distribution of MRSA clones elsewhere. Here, we describe a poorly known lineage from the Middle East, CC1153, to which several strains from humans and livestock belong. Isolates were characterised using DNA microarrays and one isolate from the United Arab Emirates was sequenced using Nanopore technology. CC1153 carries agr II and capsule type 5 genes. Enterotoxin genes are rarely present, but PVL is common. Associated spa types include t504, t903 and t13507. PVL-positive CC1153-MSSA were found in Egyptian cattle suffering from mastitis. It was also identified among humans with skin and soft tissue infections in Saudi Arabia, France and Germany. CC1153-MRSA were mainly observed in Arabian Gulf countries. Some isolates presented with a previously unknown SCCmec/SCCfus chimeric element in which a mec B complex was found together with the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC and accompanying genes including ccrA/B-1 recombinase genes. Other isolates carried SCCmec V elements that usually also included fusC. Distribution and emergence of CC1153-MRSA show the necessity of molecular characterization of MRSA that are resistant to fusidic acid. These strains pose a public health threat as they combine resistance to beta-lactams used in hospitals as well as to fusidic acid used in the community. Because of the high prevalence of fusC-positive MRSA in the Middle East, sequences and descriptions of SCC elements harbouring fusC and/or mecA are reviewed. When comparing fusC and its surrounding regions from the CC1153 strain to available published sequences, it became obvious that there are four fusC alleles and five distinct types of fusC gene complexes reminiscent to the mec complexes in SCCmec elements. Likewise, they are associated with different sets of ccrA/B recombinase genes and additional payload that might include entire mec complexes or SCCmec elements.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, spa Typing and Clonal Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Blood of Patients Hospitalized in the Czech Republic

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Katarina Pomorska ◽  
Vladislav Jakubu ◽  
Lucia Malisova ◽  
Marta Fridrichova ◽  
Martin Musilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Spa Types ◽  
Repeat Pattern

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections. The aim of our study was to characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from blood of patients hospitalized in the Czech Republic between 2016 and 2018. All MRSA strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, analyzed by spa typing and clustered using a Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP) algorithm. The representative isolates of the four most common spa types and representative isolates of all spa clonal complexes were further typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. The majority of MRSA strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94%), erythromycin (95.5%) and clindamycin (95.6%). Among the 618 strains analyzed, 52 different spa types were detected. BURP analysis divided them into six different clusters. The most common spa types were t003, t586, t014 and t002, all belonging to the CC5 (clonal complex). CC5 was the most abundant MLST CC of our study, comprising of 91.7% (n = 565) of spa-typeable isolates. Other CCs present in our study were CC398, CC22, CC8, CC45 and CC97. To our knowledge, this is the biggest nationwide study aimed at typing MRSA blood isolates from the Czech Republic.

Genomic Epidemiology of Invasive Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections Among Hospitalized Individuals in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2071-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Guthrie ◽  
Sarah Teatero ◽  
Sotaro Hirai ◽  
Alex Fortuna ◽  
Daniel Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Abstract Background Prevention and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections remain challenging. In-depth surveillance integrating patient and isolate data can provide evidence to better inform infection control and public health practice. Methods We analyzed MRSA cases diagnosed in 2010 (n = 212) and 2016 (n = 214) by hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Case-level clinical and demographic data were integrated with isolate characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR), classic genotyping, and whole-genome sequencing results. Results Community-associated MRSA (epidemiologically defined) increased significantly from 23.6% in 2010 to 43.0% in 2016 (P &lt; .001). The MRSA population structure changed over time, with a 1.5× increase in clonal complex (CC)8 strains and a concomitant decrease in CC5. The clonal shift was reflected in AMR patterns, with a decrease in erythromycin (86.7% to 78.4%, P = .036) and clindamycin resistance (84.3% to 47.9%, P &lt; .001) and a &gt;2-fold increase in fusidic acid resistance (9.0% to 22.5%, P &lt; .001). Isolates within both CC5 and CC8 were relatively genetically diverse. We identified 6 small genomic clusters—3 potentially related to transmission in healthcare settings. Conclusions Community-associated MRSA is increasing among hospitalized individuals in Ontario. Clonal shifting from CC5 to CC8 has impacted AMR. We identified a relatively high genetic diversity and limited genomic clustering within these dominant CCs.

scholarly journals Restoration of Susceptibility of Intracellular Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactams: Comparison of Strains, Cells, and Antibiotics

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 2797-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Lemaire ◽  
Aurélie Olivier ◽  
Françoise Van Bambeke ◽  
Paul M. Tulkens ◽  
Peter C. Appelbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Dose Response Curves ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus invades eukaryotic cells. When methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 is phagocytized by human THP-1 macrophages, complete restoration of susceptibility to cloxacillin and meropenem is shown and the strain becomes indistinguishable from MSSA ATCC 25923 due to the acid pH prevailing in phagolysosomes (S. Lemaire et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:1627-1632, 2007). We examined whether this observation can be extended to (i) strains of current clinical and epidemiological interest (three hospital-acquired MRSA [HA-MRSA] strains, two community-acquired MRSA [CA-MRSA] strains, two HA-MRSA strains with the vancomycin-intermediate phenotype, one HA-MRSA strain with the vancomycin-resistant phenotype, and one animal [porcine] MRSA strain), (ii) activated THP-1 cells and nonprofessional phagocytes (keratinocytes, Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells), and (iii) other β-lactams (imipenem, oxacillin, cefuroxime, cefepime). All strains showed (i) a marked reduction in MICs in broth at pH 5.5 compared with the MIC at pH 7.4 and (ii) sigmoidal dose-response curves with cloxacillin (0.01× to 100× MIC, 24 h of incubation) after phagocytosis by THP-1 macrophages that were indistinguishable from each other and from the dose-response curve for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ATCC 25923 (relative potency [50% effect], 6.09× MIC [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.50 to 8.25]; relative efficacy [change in bacterial counts over the original inoculum for an infinitely large cloxacillin concentration, or maximal effect], −0.69 log CFU [95% CI, −0.79 to −0.58]). Similar dose-response curves for cloxacillin were also observed with MSSA ATCC 25923 and MRSA ATCC 33591 after phagocytosis by activated THP-1 macrophages, keratinocytes, and Calu-3 cells. By contrast, there was a lower level of restoration of susceptibility of MRSA ATCC 33591 to cefuroxime and cefepime after phagocytosis by THP-1 macrophages, even when the data were normalized for differences in MICs. We conclude that the restoration of MRSA susceptibility to β-lactams after phagocytosis is independent of the strain and the types of cells but varies between β-lactams.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document