scholarly journals Characterisation of S. aureus/MRSA CC1153 and review of mobile genetic elements carrying the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Monecke ◽  
Elke Müller ◽  
Sascha D. Braun ◽  
Marc Armengol-Porta ◽  
Michèle Bes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes

AbstractWhile many data on molecular epidemiology of MRSA are available for North America, Western Europe and Australia, much less is known on the distribution of MRSA clones elsewhere. Here, we describe a poorly known lineage from the Middle East, CC1153, to which several strains from humans and livestock belong. Isolates were characterised using DNA microarrays and one isolate from the United Arab Emirates was sequenced using Nanopore technology. CC1153 carries agr II and capsule type 5 genes. Enterotoxin genes are rarely present, but PVL is common. Associated spa types include t504, t903 and t13507. PVL-positive CC1153-MSSA were found in Egyptian cattle suffering from mastitis. It was also identified among humans with skin and soft tissue infections in Saudi Arabia, France and Germany. CC1153-MRSA were mainly observed in Arabian Gulf countries. Some isolates presented with a previously unknown SCCmec/SCCfus chimeric element in which a mec B complex was found together with the fusidic acid resistance gene fusC and accompanying genes including ccrA/B-1 recombinase genes. Other isolates carried SCCmec V elements that usually also included fusC. Distribution and emergence of CC1153-MRSA show the necessity of molecular characterization of MRSA that are resistant to fusidic acid. These strains pose a public health threat as they combine resistance to beta-lactams used in hospitals as well as to fusidic acid used in the community. Because of the high prevalence of fusC-positive MRSA in the Middle East, sequences and descriptions of SCC elements harbouring fusC and/or mecA are reviewed. When comparing fusC and its surrounding regions from the CC1153 strain to available published sequences, it became obvious that there are four fusC alleles and five distinct types of fusC gene complexes reminiscent to the mec complexes in SCCmec elements. Likewise, they are associated with different sets of ccrA/B recombinase genes and additional payload that might include entire mec complexes or SCCmec elements.

scholarly journals Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiola Senok ◽  
Rania Nassar ◽  
Handan Celiloglu ◽  
Anju Nabi ◽  
Mubarak Alfaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), “Bengal- Bay Clone”. Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT + fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT + cas + fusC + ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV + fusC + ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV + fusC + tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V + fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n = 181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n = 132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n = 179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n = 2) and cfr gene (n = 1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape.

scholarly journals Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Wernicke’s Encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome Looked through the Lens of Three Cases, Paper II

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nasreen Khawer Salahuddin ◽  
Arindam Dutta ◽  
Naseem Akhtar Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Central Pontine Myelinolysis ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Wernicke’S Encephalopathy ◽  
Wernicke's Encephalopathy ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Normal Physiological Condition ◽  
Pontine Myelinolysis

Objective: Pregnancy a normal physiological condition is worsened by morning sickness, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, hyperemesis gravidarum, Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome in vulnerable women with gestation. This report of three cases described hyperemesis gravidarum, Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome in the worsening pregnancies. Methods: Prospective collection of data concerning three pregnant patients seen in Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Results: All three patients were admitted to the hospital with manifestations of HG and WE and one of them showed additional features of Korsakoff syndrome. One patient developed intractable hyponatremia and central pontine myelinolysis. Two patients developed abortion while one patient's pregnancy ended with successful delivery with living infant. All patients were managed with thiamine, antiemetics, parenteral fluids and electrolytes and one patients required steroid therapy. Conclusion: The findings of these cases are compatible with international literature on HG and its sequential syndromes. This study may enhance awareness of HG, WE and KS and also fill the knowledge gap of professionals providing services to women with worsening health during pregnancy in Arabian Gulf countries.

scholarly journals Genomic Sequencing and Analysis of Eight Camel-Derived Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Isolates in Saudi Arabia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Badr M. Al-Shomrani ◽  
Manee M. Manee ◽  
Sultan N. Alharbi ◽  
Mussad A. Altammami ◽  
Manal A. Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Cell Epitope ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Gulf Countries

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness in humans; the second-largest and most deadly outbreak to date occurred in Saudi Arabia. The dromedary camel is considered a possible host of the virus and also to act as a reservoir, transmitting the virus to humans. Here, we studied evolutionary relationships for 31 complete genomes of betacoronaviruses, including eight newly sequenced MERS-CoV genomes isolated from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. Through bioinformatics tools, we also used available sequences and 3D structure of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein to predict MERS-CoV epitopes and assess antibody binding affinity. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight new sequences have close relationships with existing strains detected in camels and humans in Arabian Gulf countries. The 2019-nCov strain appears to have higher homology to both bat coronavirus and SARS-CoV than to MERS-CoV strains. The spike protein tree exhibited clustering of MERS-CoV sequences similar to the complete genome tree, except for one sequence from Qatar (KF961222). B cell epitope analysis determined that the MERS-CoV spike protein has 24 total discontinuous regions from which just six epitopes were selected with score values of >80%. Our results suggest that the virus circulates by way of camels crossing the borders of Arabian Gulf countries. This study contributes to finding more effective vaccines in order to provide long-term protection against MERS-CoV and identifying neutralizing antibodies.

Intra-Regional Alignment Strategy of Small States in Gulf area: Cases of Qatar and United Arab Emirates (UAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmad Israa Syed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Small States ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Alignment Strategy

The Middle East may not possess any great power, but the region has, within itself, several states that hold relatively bigger capabilities and resources compared to the others. Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, Egypt, and previously Iraq, are competing to be the main stakeholder in this highly chaotic region. This paper attempts to do a comparative analysis on two gulf countries: Qatar and United Arab Emirates (UAE). The two countries are selected as both are the key economic and strategic players among the small states in the Middle East. The intra-regional alignment behavior of Qatar and UAE as small states in Middle East proves that even in a region where alignments are multi-layered (with intra-regional powers and with international big powers), small states alignment behavior is heavily driven by the intention of minimalizing threats, if not to diminish it completely. Such behavior is expected from states that feel vulnerable within the anarchical environment externally. The external threats and uncertainties, however, are selected and faced according to how the ruling elite perceives it. To preserve domestic political legitimacy, threats and alignment choices become the useful cards for the ruling elites to show their authority, performance, and stature to their domestic audience.

Turkey's rift with Saudi Arabia will not end soon

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Joint Ventures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Political Differences

Significance The two-day visit has not averted the growing confrontation between Turkey on one hand and the Saudis and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the other. This is forming a new and important cleavage in the politics of the Middle East. Impacts Turkish exports to the Gulf countries look vulnerable. Turkey will avoid allowing its political differences with Saudi Arabia to affect business links. Saudi investments in Turkey, at about 6 billion dollars, will be a stabilising factor. Joint ventures in the arms industry could be the main casualties.

India’s Gulf ties will face setbacks in the near term

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Near Term

Significance Indian nationals are struggling to maintain jobs in the Middle East as GCC states contend with historically low oil prices as well as the economic fallout of the pandemic. Gulf countries have meanwhile expressed concern at what they regard as growing anti-Muslim sentiment in India. Impacts Pakistan will step up efforts to gather support from GCC countries regarding the Kashmir issue. Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates will increase investment in India’s health and tech sectors. The number of Indian migrant workers in South-east Asia, Australia and Canada will gradually increase.

Kanduras ‘Khaleeji style’: Investigating Gulf masculinities and dress

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
Lezley George
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Cultural Authority ◽  
National Service ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Politics Of Space ◽  
Body Practices

Far more research is dedicated to assessing women’s fashioned bodies than for men’s in the Middle East and particularly in Gulf countries. Across the Gulf, male national citizens typically wear a long ‘dress-like’ garment, with regionally designated names of kandura , dish-dasha or thobe, and in colours delineated depending on the particular GCC state. Particularly focusing on the United Arab Emirates, I investigate how the kandura, when combined with the ghutra (white headscarf) and agal (black rope with tassels), becomes representational of national hegemonic masculinity and performatively styled to underline cultural authority and authenticity. These garments are deemed traditional attire, but on a closer inspection, they act as sites to investigate coded signs of cultural fashion capital and ‘local’ tastes. This article critically unpacks these constructs and their meanings for Khaleeji masculinity by examining three main ‘spaces’ – work, leisure and military national service – to scrutinize how the gender politics of space operates on men’s dressed body practices and underpins an emblematic presentation of privilege and patriotic manhood.

scholarly journals A novel fusidic acid resistance gene from Streptomyces lividans 66 encodes a highly specific esterase

Microbiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. von der Haar ◽  
S. Walter ◽  
S. Schwapenheer ◽  
H. Schrempf
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Streptomyces Lividans

scholarly journals Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphy of the Western and Southern Arabian Gulf

GeoArabia ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujahed I. Al-Husseini
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Arabian Gulf Region ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Sulaiy Formation ◽  
Jurassic Sequence

ABSTRACT The Jurassic sequence stratigraphic scheme for Central Saudi Arabia is extrapolated to the formations of the western and southern Arabian Gulf region resulting in a tentative chronostratigraphic framework. The framework is tentaively constrained as follows: (1) Upper Triassic-?Lower Jurassic continental clastics (Minjur and equivalents) and the subsequent pre-Toarcian unconformity indicate regional erosion and non-deposition over the Arabian platform. (2) A Toarcian sequence (Marrat and equivalents) provides a basal Jurassic regional datum, except in Oman. (3) The late Toarcian and Aalenian correspond to a substantial sea- level lowstand and a regional depositional hiatus. (4) The Middle Jurassic Dhruma Formation corresponds to four different sequences with a major intervening hiatus. The Upper Dhruma Member, together with the Tuwaiq Mountain form the topmost sequence. The correlation between the Dhruma, Tuwaiq Mountain, Hanifa and Jubaila formations, to their equivalents in other Arabian Gulf countries, requires clearer definitions. (5) The Arab and Hith Anhydrite formations are Tithonian based on their sequence assignment, while the Sulaiy Formation is Berriasian and straddles the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. (6) The four Tithonian Arab carbonates may have been deposited as transgressive and early highstand deposits. The Tithonian Arab, Gotnia and Hith anhydrites may be late highstand deposits which overstep inland “salinas” (Gotnia and western Rub’ Al-Khali). Each carbonate and overlying anhydrite sequence appear to correspond to a complete third-order cycle. (7) The equivalents to the Kimmeridgian Jubaila Formation and Tithonian Arab carbonates are absent by non-deposition in Kuwait. In Oman, the Arab and Hith Anhydrite formations are absent by erosion. (8) The Tithonian Hith Anhydrite provides a final Jurassic regional, stratigraphic datum, except in Oman and eastern United Arab Emirates.

HERITAGE IN THE LIVED ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND THE GULF REGION

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph John Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Values

This paper examines how the architectural, social, and cultural heritage of the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf countries may contribute to better development of this region’s lived environment. Modern urbanism has largely neglected heritage in architectural design and in social and private spaces, creating inauthentic places that foster a hunger for belongingness in the UAE’s built environment. The paper reviews recent urban developments in the UAE and the Gulf Region, and identifies elements of local heritage that can be incorporated into contemporary planning and design. It proposes that adapting vernacular architectural heritage to the modern built environment should not be the principal goal for heritage-informed design. Instead we may examine the social processes underlying the traditional lived environment, and aim for social sustainability based on the lifeways and preferences of local peoples, especially in kinship and Islamic values. Among the most promising precedents for modern social sustainability are social and spatial features at the scale of the neighborhood in traditional Islamic settlements. Interviews with local Emiratis will also recommend elements of traditional knowledge to modern settings. 

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