Physicochemical characterization and rheological properties of magnetic elastomers containing different shapes of corroded carbonyl iron particles

AbstractCarbonyl iron particles (CIPs) is one of the key components in magnetic rubber, known as magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). Apart from the influence of their sizes and concentrations, the role of the particle’ shape is pronounced worthy of the attention for the MRE performance. However, the usage of CIPs in MRE during long-term applications may lead to corrosion effects on the embedded CIPs, which significantly affects the performance of devices or systems utilizing MRE. Hence, the distinctions between the two types of MRE embedded in different shapes of spherical and plate-like CIPs, at both conditions of non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated in terms of the field-dependent rheological properties of MRE. The plate-like shape was produced from spherical CIPs through a milling process using a rotary ball mill. Then, both shapes of CIPs individually subjected to an accelerated corrosion test in diluted hydrochloric (HCl) at different concentrations, particularly at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol.% for 30 min of immersion time. Eight samples of CIPs, including non-corroded for both CIPs shapes, were characterized in terms of a morphological study by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and magnetic properties via vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The field-dependent rheological properties of MREs were analyzed the change in the dynamic modulus behavior of MREs via rheometer. From the application perspective, this finding may be useful for the system to be considered that provide an idea to prolong the performance MRE by utilizing the different shapes of CIPs even when the material is fading.

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Material Characterization of Magnetorheological Elastomers with Corroded Carbonyl Iron Particles: Morphological Images and Field-dependent Viscoelastic Properties

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3311 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siti Aishah Binti Abdul Aziz ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Nur Azmah Nordin ◽

Nor Azlin Nazira Abd Rahman ◽

U Ubaidillah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Mr Effect

High temperatures and humidity could alter the field-dependent rheological properties of MR materials. These environmental phenomena may accelerate the deterioration processes that will affect the long-term rheological reliability of MR materials such as MR elastomer (MRE). This study therefore attempts to investigate the field-dependent rheological characteristics of MRE with corroded carbonyl iron particles (CIPs). The corroded CIPs were treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a way of providing realistic environments in gauging the CIPs reaction towards the ambient conditions. The corroded CIPs along with silicone rubber as a matrix material were used in the fabrication of the MRE samples. To observe the effect of HCl treatment on the CIPs, the morphological observations of MREs with non-corroded and corroded CIPs were investigated via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, the magnetic properties were examined through the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), while the field-dependent rheological characteristics such as the storage modulus of MRE with the corroded CIPs were also tested and compared with the non-corroded CIPs. The results showed that the corroded CIPs possessed hydrangea-like structures. In the meantime, it was identified that a sudden reduction of up to 114% of the field-dependent MR effect of MRE with the corroded CIPs was observed as a result of the weakened interfacial bonding between the CIPs and the silicon in the outer layers of the CIPs structure.

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A comparison of field-dependent rheological properties between spherical and plate-like carbonyl iron particles-based magneto-rheological fluids

Smart Materials and Structures ◽

10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 095025 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Salihah Tan Shilan ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Yasushi Ido ◽

Abdollah Hajalilou ◽

Balachandran Jeyadevan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Magneto Rheological

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The Field-Dependent Rheological Properties of Magnetorheological Grease Based on Carbonyl-Iron-Particles

Smart Materials and Structures ◽

10.1088/0964-1726/25/9/095043 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 095043 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

N Mohamad ◽

S A Mazlan ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

Seung-Bok Choi ◽

M F M Nordin

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Field Dependent

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The field-dependent viscoelastic and transient responses of plate-like carbonyl iron particle based magnetorheological greases

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x19828504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 788-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Norzilawati Mohamad ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

Seung-Bok Choi ◽

Fitrian Imaduddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Iron Particle ◽

Milling Process ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Carbonyl Iron Particle ◽

Dynamic Rheological Properties ◽

Field Dependent ◽

Surface Diameter ◽

Surface Microstructures

The field-dependent viscoelastic and transient behaviours of plate-like-carbonyl-iron-particle-based magnetorheological greases are experimentally investigated in this study. The plate-like carbonyl-iron particles are made from spherical carbonyl-iron particles through a milling process using a rotary ball mill. Several samples of magnetorheological greases consisting of different weight percentages of plate-like carbonyl-iron particles are prepared. The surface microstructures and distributions of the plate-like carbonyl-iron particles in the grease are observed using various types of microscopic investigations. Subsequently, the viscoelastic and transient (dynamic) rheological properties of the plate-like carbonyl-iron particles are investigated using a commercial rheometer. The spherical carbonyl-iron particles are transformed into the flattened plate-like carbonyl-iron particles with a larger surface diameter. It is shown that the viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus and response time of the plate-like carbonyl-iron particles significantly depend on the shape and particle weight fraction. The findings reveal that the shape of the carbonyl-iron particles has a significant effect on the field-dependent behaviours. Thus, the results presented in this work provide very useful scientific contributions for devising appropriate applications utilizing the plate-like-carbonyl-iron-particle-based magnetorheological greases.

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Investigation of steady state rheological properties and sedimentation of coated and pure carbonyl iron particles based magneto-rheological fluids

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.364 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K.V. Swaroop ◽

M.N. Aruna ◽

Hemantha Kumar ◽

M.R. Rahman

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magneto Rheological

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A Study on Correlation Between Cyclic Drying-Wetting Accelerated Corrosion Test and Long-term Exposure Test

Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance inspection ◽

10.11112/jksmi.2016.20.4.136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 136-143

Author(s):

Sang-Soon Park

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Test ◽

Exposure Test ◽

Accelerated Corrosion ◽

Accelerated Corrosion Test

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Solvent Dependence of the Rheological Properties in Hydrogel Magnetorheological Plastomer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1793 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

U. Ubaidillah ◽

Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽

Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Binary Solvent ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetic Performance ◽

Solvent Dependence ◽

Mr Effect ◽

External Stimuli ◽

Pva Hydrogel

Chemically crosslinked hydrogel magnetorheological (MR) plastomer (MRP) embedded with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) exhibits excellent magnetic performance (MR effect) in the presence of external stimuli especially magnetic field. However, oxidation and desiccation in hydrogel MRP due to a large amount of water content as a dispersing phase would limit its usage for long-term applications, especially in industrial engineering. In this study, different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are also used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP. Thus, to understand the dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrogel MRP, three different samples with different solvents: water, DMSO, and their binary mixtures (DMSO/water) were prepared and systematically carried out using the oscillatory shear. The outcomes demonstrate that the PVA hydrogel MRP prepared from precursor gel with water shows the highest MR effect of 15,544% among the PVA hydrogel MRPs. However, the samples exhibit less stability and tend to oxidise after a month. Meanwhile, the samples with binary mixtures (DMSO/water) show an acceptable MR effect of 11,024% with good stability and no CIPs oxidation. Otherwise, the sample with DMSO has the lowest MR effect of 7049% and less stable compared to the binary solvent samples. This confirms that the utilisation of DMSO as a new solvent affects the rheological properties and stability of the samples.

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Performance of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based Silicone/SAIB

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.772.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi ◽

Saiful Amri Mazlan ◽

Ubaidillah ◽

Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz ◽

Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Carbonyl Iron ◽

Excitation Frequency ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Iron Particles ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomer ◽

Magnetorheological Elastomers ◽

Mr Effect ◽

Strain Dependent

This study introduces a sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) as an additive of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) to be added in silicone rubber matrix and carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) as their filler. The CIPs were fixed at 60 wt% and two types of MREs sample were fabricated which are isotropic and anisotropic. Rheological properties related to shear storage modulus were measured using a rheometer (MCR 302, Anton Paar). The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetorheological (MR) effect of anisotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB was 126 % as compared to isotropic MREs-based Silicone/SAIB, 64%. The fabricated MREs samples were frequency and strain dependent. The relative MR effect for both samples showed decreasing trend with the increment of strain amplitude and excitation frequency.

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