Impact of type of reconstructed residence on social participation and mental health of population displaced by disasters

AbstractAfter disasters, people are often forced to reconstruct or move to new residences. This study aimed to reveal the association between the types of reconstructed residences and psychosocial or psychiatric conditions among the population. A total of 1071 adult residents in a coastal town, whose houses were destroyed by the tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake, enrolled in the study five years after the disaster. The type of reconstructed post-disaster residences (reconstructed on the same site/disaster-recovery public condominium/mass-translocation to higher ground/privately moving to remote areas) and the current psychosocial indicators were investigated. The results revealed that individuals living in public condominiums showed significantly worse scores on the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (p < 0.0001) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (p < 0.0001), and slightly worse scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (p = 0.035) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (p = 0.028). Lower psychosocial indicator scores in the public condominium group were more remarkable in younger adults aged < 65 years. Insomnia evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale was not different among the four residential types. In summary, residents moving into disaster-recovery public condominiums are likely to have less social interaction, be more depressed, and may need additional interventions.

Download Full-text

Psychological distress in Afghan journalists: a descriptive study

Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research ◽

10.1108/jacpr-02-2020-0473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

Jonas Osmann ◽

Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar ◽

Anthony Feinstein

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Organizational Support ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Entire Study ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose Afghanistan is one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions of organizational support, their rates of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, their utilization of mental health services and the effectiveness of the treatment received. Design/methodology/approach The entire study was undertaken in Dari (Farsi). Five major Afghan news organizations representing 104 journalists took part of whom 71 (68%) completed a simple eleven-point analog scale rating perceptions of organizational support. Symptoms of PTSD and depression were recorded with the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R) and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively. Behavioral comparisons were undertaken between those journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy. Findings The majority of journalists exceeded cutoff scores for PTSD and major depression and reported high rates for exposure to traumatic events. There were no significant differences in IES-R and CES-D scores between journalists who had and had not received mental health therapy. Most journalists did not view their employers as supportive. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of Afghan journalists. The results highlight the extreme stressors confronted by them, their correspondingly high levels of psychopathology and the relative ineffectiveness of mental health therapy given to a minority of those in distress. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Download Full-text

Early Psychological Reactions in a Group of Individuals with Pre-existing and Enduring Mental Health Difficulties Following a Major Coach Accident

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.169.4.430 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 169 (4) ◽

pp. 430-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Helen L. Chubb ◽

Jonathan I. Bisson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Psychological Sequelae ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Mental Health Difficulties ◽

The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of major trauma on individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties is poorly understood.MethodTwenty individuals with pre-existing and enduring mental health difficulties were assessed with the Clinician Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, the 28-item version of the GHQ, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale between four and eight weeks after their involvement in a major coach accident.ResultsTen (50%) individuals satisfied the full DSM–IV criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD. The questionnaire scores indicated a high level of psychological suffering among the group. On dividing the sample into those individuals with previous diagnoses of anxiety or depressive disorders and those with a previous diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia, the schizophrenia group displayed less marked psychological sequelae on all measures.ConclusionThere was a high incidence of early psychological sequelae among the group as a whole. Some diagnoses (e.g. depression and anxiety) may predispose to psychological sequelae while others (e.g. chronic schizophrenia) may not.

Download Full-text

Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents in Indonesia: Formal validation of the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale – revised and the Kessler psychological distress scale

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

pp. 189-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thach Duc Tran ◽

Fransiska Kaligis ◽

Tjhin Wiguna ◽

Lisa Willenberg ◽

Hau Thi Minh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Formal Validation ◽

Psychological Distress Scale ◽

Distress Scale ◽

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

Download Full-text

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Associated With Coronavirus Disease: A Single Institutional Study In Tokyo

10.21203/rs.3.rs-387067/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aya Banno ◽

Toru Hifumi ◽

Yuta Takahashi ◽

Mitsuhito Soh ◽

Ayako Sakaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

High Rate ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Icu Discharge ◽

The Impact ◽

Post Intensive Care Syndrome

Abstract Background: The occurrence of post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the physical, mental, and cognitive components of PICS in intensive care unit (ICU)-treated COVID-19 survivors.Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with COVID-19 who were treated in the ICU of a single institution between March 19, 2020 and April 30, 2020. A survey was sent by postal mail at 4 and 6 months after ICU discharge. The questionnaire comprised the post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS) scale and the modified medical research council dyspnea scale (mMRC) for assessing physical PICS; the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) for assessing mental PICS; and self-assessment questions for concentration, memory, and forgetfulness for assessing cognitive PICS. Physical PICS was defined by a PCFS or mMRC score ≥1. Mental PICS was defined by an IES-R score ≥25 or if the HADS score for anxiety or depression components was ≥8. Cognitive PICS was defined according to patient complaints of deterioration in concentration, memory, or forgetfulness. The primary outcome was PICS occurrence at 4 months. Moreover, we assessed the co-occurrence of the three PICS components.Results: Twenty patients consented to participate in the study and responded to the survey. The median age was 57.5 years, and 80% of the patients were male; moreover, 50%, 55%, and 80% lived alone, were married, and were employed/self-employed before hospitalization, respectively. During ICU stay, 80%, 75%, and 25% received invasive mechanical ventilation, systemic steroids, and continuous benzodiazepine, respectively. Delirium occurred in 40% of patients. The median days of ICU and hospital stay were 6 and 21, respectively. Physical, mental, and cognitive PICS occurred in 14 (78%), 9 (45%), and 11 (55%) patients, respectively. There were 16 (80%) and 8 (40%) patients with at least one and all PICS components, respectively.Conclusions: Our findings revealed a high rate of PICS in COVID-19 survivors. Long-term and comprehensive evaluation of all three PICS components is crucial for providing appropriate care to these patients.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depressive Symptoms in North Korean Refugees

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.30773/pi.2019.0134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 681-687

Author(s):

Sehyun Jeon ◽

Jiyoun Lee ◽

Jin Yong Jun ◽

Young Su Park ◽

Jaehee Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Cognitive Behavioral ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

North Korean Refugees

Objective Despite the growing need for psychological programs for North Korean refugees, most psychological interventions for these people lack a verification study that tests their effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in North Korean refugees.Methods Participants included 38 North Korean refugees, of whom 23 participated in simple relaxation and 15 participated in CBT. The Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to evaluate symptoms pre- and post-intervention.Results Participants had a significant decrease in CES-D scores after treatment (p=0.037). The decrease in CES-D was larger in those who participated in the CBT compared to those in simple relaxation (p=0.023). The superior effects that CBT had on depressive symptoms over simple relaxation were particularly more prominent in those with severe depression (p=0.035). Participants with high levels of anxiety also showed significant decreases in STAI-S scores after treatment, regardless of which type of program they participated in (p=0.023).Conclusion This preliminary findings suggests that CBT is an effective psychiatric approach in treating depressive symptoms in North Korean refugees, especially for those with a higher degree of depressive symptom.

Download Full-text

Intensive Care Unit-Specific Virtual Reality for Psychological Recovery After ICU Treatment for COVID-19; A Brief Case Report

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.629086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Johan H. Vlake ◽

Jasper van Bommel ◽

Merel E. Hellemons ◽

Evert-Jan Wils ◽

Diederik Gommers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

The Impact

A substantial number of ICU survivors are expected due to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, who are at risk for psychological impairments, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. We designed a COVID-19 intensive care unit-specific virtual reality (ICU-VR) intervention and tested it on one of our COVID-19 patients. The impact of event scale-revised and the hospital anxiety and depression scale showed that this patient suffered from PTSD, anxiety, and depression on the day of the intervention. One week after receiving ICU-VR, levels of PTSD, anxiety and depression had normalized, and stayed normalized until 6 months after discharge. In conclusion, innovative technologies, such as VR, have the potential to improve psychological rehabilitation, and should therefore be considered by clinicians for the treatment of ICU-related psychological sequelae after COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Validation and Analysis of the European Quality Questionnaire in Italian Language

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238852 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8852

Author(s):

Leopoldo M. Amendola ◽

Alessandro Galazzi ◽

Irene Zainaghi ◽

Ivan Cortinovis ◽

Anna Zolin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Family Satisfaction ◽

Test Phase ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Adult Intensive Care Unit ◽

Quality Of Dying ◽

The Impact

The European Quality Questionnaire (euroQ2) is the culturally-adapted version to the European context of the Family Satisfaction in Intensive Care Unit (FS-ICU) and Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) tools in a single instrument divided into three parts (the last is optional). These tools were created for an adult setting. The aim of this study was the Italian validation and analysis of the euroQ2 tool. The Italian version of euroQ2 questionnaire was administered to the relatives, over 18 years of age, of adult intensive care unit patients, with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-r). For the re-test phase the questionnaire was administered a second time. One hundred questionnaires were filled in. The agreement between test and retest was between 17–19 out of 20 participants with an upward trend in the re-test phase. A measure of coherence and cohesion between the euroQ2 variables was given by Cronbach’s alpha: in the first part of the questionnaire alpha was 0.82, in the second part it was 0.89. The linear Pearson’s correlation coefficients between all questions showed a weak positive correlation. The results obtained agreed with the original study. This study showed a good stability of the answers, an indication of an unambiguous understanding of the Italian translation.

Download Full-text

Psychological outcomes following the Hazelwood mine fire: A mixed methods study

10.31234/osf.io/euj96 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Darryl Maybery ◽

Rebecca Jones ◽

Matthew Carroll ◽

Joanna Dipnall ◽

Emily Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Mine Fire ◽

Distress Scale ◽

The Impact

Objectives: This mixed method study assessed the psychological impacts of six weeks of exposure to smoke and ash from the 2014 Hazelwood mine fire in the Latrobe Valley in Victoria, Australia. The quantitative component compared residents from the most exposed community (Morwell) with those from a similar, but minimally-exposed, control community (Sale). Qualities of the experience were examined in interviews with Morwell residents.Methods: A cross-sectional survey involved 3,091 Morwell and 960 Sale adults with multiple psychological measures was complimented by 26 interviews with Morwell residents.Results: Morwell residents scored significantly higher than Sale residents on the primary outcome measure, the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (difference = 6.53; 95%CI: 5.37, 7.35, p<0.001), which measured the posttraumatic stress symptoms of intrusive rumination, hyperarousal and avoidance behaviour. Morwell residents also scored significantly higher on the Kessler 10-item general distress scale (difference = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.33, p<0.001). On average, the Hazelwood mine fire continued to generate moderate levels of participant distress more than two years after the event, however this ranged from no impact to more severe distress. This range of impact was also evident in the qualitative interviews, where intrusive thoughts were the most frequently reported symptom of posttraumatic stress. The interviews highlighted the increased vulnerability of people with pre-existing mental health concerns.Conclusions: The finding that moderate distress was apparent in the community several years after an extended community-wide pollution event highlights the need for improving response to such events, including providing support to more vulnerable subgroups.

Download Full-text

Self-Reported Distress in Patients With Ovarian Cancer: Is It Related to Disease Status?

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0000000000000355 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 229-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Floortje K. Ploos van Amstel ◽

Maaike A.P.C. van Ham ◽

Esmee J. Peters ◽

Judith B. Prins ◽

Petronella B. Ottevanger

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Disease Status ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact

ObjectivePatients with epithelial ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis and often undergo intensive treatment. These patients are therefore at risk for experiencing distress and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the self-reported distress severity, experienced problems, and quality of life in relation to their disease status.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 at a University Medical Center. Women with ovarian cancer (n = 273), both during and after treatment, were asked by mail to fill in self-report questionnaires. Distress was measured using with the Distress Thermometer (DT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Impact of Event Scale. Problems and quality of life were assessed with the problem list of the DT, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life C-30 and OV28.ResultsThe questionnaire data of 104 patients were analyzed. Screening with the DT revealed distress in 32% [mean (SD), 3.1 (2.6)]. Distress was found with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in 14% [8.6 (5.9)] and with the Impact of Event Scale in 18% of the patients [17.5 (15.5)]. No significant differences were found in distress severity and self-reported problems between patients with and without recurrence. In both groups, the problems fatigue, condition, and neuropathy were most reported. Patients with distress (DT ≥ 5) experienced significantly worse functioning, more problems, and lower quality of life than patients without distress (P< 0.01).ConclusionsThis study showed that disease status in patients with ovarian cancer seems to have no influence on distress, quality of life, and the problems encountered. However, distressed patients experienced more problems, with physical and emotional functioning, and had lower quality of life. The problems fatigue, physical condition, and neuropathy are the most prevailing.

Download Full-text