scholarly journals Toxicity thresholds of nine herbicides to coral symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magena Marzonie ◽  
Florita Flores ◽  
Nora Sadoun ◽  
Marie C. Thomas ◽  
Anais Valada-Mennuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Growth ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The Family ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Endosymbiotic Algae ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

AbstractOver 30 herbicides have been detected in catchments and waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and their toxicity to key tropical species, including the coral endosymbiotic algae Symbiodiniaceae, is not generally considered in current water quality guideline values (WQGVs). Mutualistic symbionts of the family Symbiodiniaceae are essential for the survival of scleractinian corals. We tested the effects of nine GBR-relevant herbicides on photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm′) and specific growth rate (SGR) over 14 days of cultured coral endosymbiont Cladocopium goreaui (formerly Symbiodinium clade C1). All seven Photosystem II (PSII) herbicides tested inhibited ΔF/Fm′ and SGR, with toxicity thresholds for SGR ranging between 2.75 and 320 µg L−1 (no effect concentration) and 2.54–257 µg L−1 (EC10). There was a strong correlation between EC50s for ΔF/Fm′ and SGR for all PSII herbicides indicating that inhibition of ΔF/Fm′ can be considered a biologically relevant toxicity endpoint for PSII herbicides to this species. The non-PSII herbicides haloxyfop and imazapic did not affect ΔF/Fm′ or SGR at the highest concentrations tested. The inclusion of this toxicity data for Symbiodiniaceae will contribute to improving WQGVs to adequately inform risk assessments and the management of herbicides in tropical marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Adjusting Tropical Marine Water Quality Guideline Values for Elevated Ocean Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Negri ◽  
Rachael A. Smith ◽  
Olivia King ◽  
Julius Frangos ◽  
Michael St. J. Warne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

Assessing the Toxicity of Mine‐Water Mixtures and the Effectiveness of Water Quality Guideline Values in Protecting Local Aquatic Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Trenfield ◽  
Ceiwen J. Pease ◽  
Samantha L. Walker ◽  
Scott J. Markich ◽  
Chris L. Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

Diatom–water quality thresholds in South Australian streams indicate a need for more stringent water quality guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tibby ◽  
J. Richards ◽  
J. J. Tyler ◽  
C. Barr ◽  
J. Fluin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Water Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

Water quality guidelines are an important tool that guide stream protection. In South Australia, as in other Australian states, guidelines have been set using statistical properties of physical and chemical stressors in reference streams. Given that water quality guidelines are designed to protect ecosystems, biologically based guidelines are more desirable. In this context, we investigated diatom–water quality relationships in South Australian streams. Our analysis focused on electrical conductivity (EC) and total phosphorus (TP), which explained significant variance in diatom assemblages. Threshold indicator taxa analysis was conducted to determine thresholds of diatom community change along EC and TP gradients. There were significant declines in the relative abundance of sensitive species at an EC of ~280μScm–1 and a TP concentration of 30μgL–1. The TP threshold is considerably lower than the trigger value in South Australia’s guidelines (100μgTPL–1). The change in species composition in relation to EC is considerably lower than the upper limit of the water quality guidelines (which range from 100 to 5000μScm–1). Hence, particularly in the case of TP, but also for EC, the current water quality guideline trigger values are too high in South Australia, and indeed in other temperate Australian states.

scholarly journals Toxicity thresholds of three insecticides and two fungicides to larvae of the coral Acropora tenuis

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9615
Author(s):  
Florita Flores ◽  
Sarit Kaserzon ◽  
Gabriele Elisei ◽  
Gerard Ricardo ◽  
Andrew P. Negri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Larval Metamorphosis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Reference Toxicant ◽  
Acropora Tenuis ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

Tropical marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, face several threats to their health and resilience, including poor water quality. Previous studies on the risks posed by pesticides have focused on five priority herbicides; however, as the number of pesticides applied in coastal agriculture increases, a suite of ‘alternative’ pesticides is being detected in tropical nearshore waters. To improve our understanding of the risks posed by alternative pesticides to tropical marine organisms, the effects of three insecticides (diazinon, fipronil, imidacloprid) and two fungicides (chlorothalonil, propiconazole) were tested on larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora tenuis. A. tenuis larvae were affected by all five pesticides and the reference toxicant copper. The no effect concentration (NEC) and the 10% and 50% effect concentrations (EC10 and EC50, respectively) for larval metamorphosis were estimated from concentration-response curves after 48 h exposure. The NEC, EC10 and EC50 (in µg L−1), respectively, of each pesticide were as follows: chlorothalonil (2.4, 2.8, 6.0); fipronil (12.3, 13.9, 29.1); diazinon (38.0, 40.8, 54.7); imidacloprid (263, 273, 347); and propiconazole (269, 330, 1008). These toxicity thresholds are higher than reported concentrations in monitoring programs; however, these data will contribute to improving water quality guideline values, which inform the total risk assessments posed by complex contaminant mixtures to which these pesticides contribute.

Water quality guideline values for aluminium, gallium and molybdenum in marine environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 26592-26602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost W. van Dam ◽  
Melanie A. Trenfield ◽  
Claire Streten ◽  
Andrew J. Harford ◽  
David Parry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

The effect of type of water supply on water quality in a developing community in South Africa

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Genthe ◽  
N. Strauss ◽  
J. Seager ◽  
C. Vundule ◽  
F. Maforah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Efforts to provide water to developing communities in South Africa have resulted in various types of water supplies being used. This study examined the relationship between the type of water supply and the quality of water used. Source (communal taps, private outdoor and indoor taps) and point-of-use water samples were examined for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), total and faecal coliforms, E. coli, and coliphages. Ten percent of samples were also analysed for enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Approximately 320 households were included in a case-control study. In addition, a cross-sectional study was conducted. Both studies examined the relationship between different types of water facilities and diarrhoea among pre-school children. The source water was of good microbial quality, but water quality was found to have deteriorated significantly after handling and storage in both case and control households, exceeding drinking water quality guideline values by 1-6 orders of magnitude. Coliphage counts were low for all water samples tested. Enteric viruses and Cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected. Giardia cysts were detected on one occasion in case and control in-house samples. Comparisons of whether in-house water, after handling and storage, complied with water quality guideline values demonstrated households using communal taps to have significantly poorer quality than households using private outdoor or indoor taps for HPC and E. coli (χ2 = 14.9, P = 0.001; χ2 = 6.6, P = 0.04 respectively). A similar trend (although not statistically significant) was observed for the other microbial indicators. The cross-sectional study demonstrated an apparent decrease in health risk associated with private outdoor taps in comparison to communal taps. This study suggests that a private outdoor tap is the minimum level of water supply in order to ensure the supply of safe water to developing communities.

scholarly journals Deriving a water quality guideline for protection of aquatic communities exposed to triclosan in the Canadian environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L Hill ◽  
Roger L Breton ◽  
Gillian E Manning ◽  
R Scott Teed ◽  
Marie Capdevielle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Communities ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Water Quality Guideline

Water quality trends in the last decade for ten watersheds dominated by diffuse pollution in Québec (Canada)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patoine ◽  
S. Hébert ◽  
F. D'Auteuil-Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Water Quality Trends ◽  
Three Rivers ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Water Quality Guideline ◽  
Total P

The aim of this work is to evaluate and discuss river water quality trends over the last decade in ten watersheds where diffuse pollution represents more than half of the annual load of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Trend analyses taking into account flow data indicate a significant reduction of total P in eight rivers, of ammonia N in five rivers, of nitrate + nitrite in four rivers, of total filtered N in three rivers and of suspended solids in two rivers. An increase of turbidity was observed in four rivers and, for fecal coliforms, no trends. P decrease can be explained by reduced mineral P inputs on cropped lands related to means such as agro-environmental fertilization plans and addition of phytase in pig and poultry feed. However, for seven of them, median P concentrations remain at least two times greater than the Québec water quality guideline for protection of rivers against eutrophication. Concentrations of other parameters remain problematic in some rivers too. These results indicate the need to continue the efforts for further diffuse pollution reduction. Future work should better quantify actions taken at the watershed scale to reduce diffuse pollution.

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