The C-shaped root canal systems in mandibular second molars in an Emirati population

AbstractOur study aimed to describe the root and canal morphology of mandibular second molars in Emirati population and to study the prevalence and types of morphological change in C-shaped canal configuration along the root length in an effort to describe C-shaped molars as a unit. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of Emirati patients were analyzed in multiple plans and root and canal configuration of mandibular second molars were evaluated. Moreover, specific types of morphological change in C-shaped canal configuration along root length were studied and reconstructed using 3D reconstruction software. A total of 508 mandibular second molars were evaluated. Among the non-C-shaped mandibular second molars, two separate roots were the most prevalent root morphology (78.3%). The mesial root's most common root canal configuration was Vertucci Type II (46.5%), and in the distal root, Vertucci Type I (90.5%). The prevalence of C-shaped mandibular second molars was 17.9% and was significantly prevalent (P < 0.001) in females. Specific types of morphological change in C-shaped molars along the root length were observed and described for the first time, in which the most common types of morphological change were C1-C2-C3d (18%), C1-C3c-C3d (15.4%), C4-C3c-C3d (7.7%), and C3c-C3c-C3d (7.7%). This study showed wide variations in the root and canal morphology in mandibular second molars in Emirati population with a relatively high prevalence of C-shaped canal configuration (17.9%). Moreover, specific types of morphological change in C-shaped configuration were detected and described for the first time in this population.

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Evaluation of the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent molars in a south-eastern Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.130584 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 154-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bilge Gulsum Nur ◽

Evren Ok ◽

Mustafa Altunsoy ◽

Osman Sami Aglarci ◽

Mehmet Colak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Second Molar ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the root and canal morphology of the mandibular first and second permanent molars in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibular first (n = 966) and second molar (n = 1165) teeth from 850 Turkish patients were evaluated. The root canal configurations were classified according to the method of Vertucci. The data were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: The majority of mandibular molars were two rooted with three canals; however, three roots were identified in 0.05% of the first molars and 0.01% of the second molars, and 100% of the additional root canals were of type I configuration. Mesial roots had more complex canal systems with more than one canal, whereas most distal roots had a type I configuration. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CBCT scanning provides supplemental information about the root canal configurations of mandibular molars in a Turkish population. This study may help clinicians in the root canal treatment of mandibular molars.

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Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Premolars in a Saudi Population

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2018/8170620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdullah Alqedairi ◽

Hussam Alfawaz ◽

Yousef Al-Dahman ◽

Faisal Alnassar ◽

Asma Al-Jebaly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Chi Square ◽

Type Iv ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology ◽

Chi Square Tests

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi population using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT images of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucci’s classification. Fisher’s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration.Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars (85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in maxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for the maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex and root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P > 0.05).Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration, while a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars. In maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In maxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically.

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Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular First and Second Premolars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Defined Group of Dental Patients in Iran

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2017/1504341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neda Hajihassani ◽

Neda Roohi ◽

Karim Madadi ◽

Mahin Bakhshi ◽

Maryam Tofangchiha

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Type V ◽

Canal Morphology

Background. Successful dental root canal treatments require a complete knowledge of dental anatomy and root canal morphology. Materials and Methods. One hundred and forty-five cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to assess the anatomy and morphology of mandibular premolars based on Vertucci’s classifications in a defined group of dental patients in Iran. The number of roots and root canals, root canal morphology, root and canal shape (curvature), existence of C-shaped canal, and influence of sex on each of these were evaluated. A chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Results. The mandibular first and second premolars had a single root in 95.97% and 100% cases, respectively. In the mandibular first premolars, 62.2% were of type I, 0.8% type II, 10.9% type III, 0.8% type IV, 20.3% type V, 4.2% type VI, and 0.8% type VII; in the second premolars, 78% of canals were of type I, 3% type II, 11% type III, 7% type V, and 1% type VI. C-shaped canals did not exist in either of the premolars. The most prevalent root and canal shape was straight. The most prevalent root curvature was a distal curvature in both premolars (71.4% and 74% of first and second premolars, resp.). The most prevalent canal curvature was lingual and buccal for the first premolars (7.6% each) and distal for the second premolars (11%). No significant difference was found between men and women in nearly all of the above (P>0.05). Conclusion. The results suggest that there is a need to conduct further evaluations on finding root and canal variations among more populations to gain better knowledge prior to root canal treatment.

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Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Noval Innovation for assessing the Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Bicuspid

Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 4-7

Author(s):

M Remya ◽

VP Prabath Singh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

High Incidence ◽

Study Population ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the root canal morphology of maxillary first premolar using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 125 teeth were selected and CBCT scans were taken and following factors were recorded – number of roots, number of root canals, anatomy, and configuration of canals. Results Overall 88% teeth had two roots. Most frequent canal configuration was type I in 93.6%; 94.4% teeth had single canal exiting in single apical foramen. Conclusion Within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that among the study population, there is a high incidence of two-rooted maxillary first bicuspid with two canals with type I Vertucci canal configuration. How to cite this article Remya M, Singh VPP. Cone Beam Computed Tomography a Noval Innovation for assessing the Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Bicuspid. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):4-7.

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Occurrence of Second Mesio-buccal Canal in Maxillary First Permanent Molar: A CBCT Study

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18901 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandhya Shrestha ◽

Manish Raj Sapkota ◽

Ankit Shah ◽

Santosh Rajbhandari ◽

Pratyush Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Permanent Molar ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Root Canal System ◽

The Mean ◽

Canal Morphology

Introduction: Complexity in root canal morphology leads to chances of failure in endodontic treatment due to missed canal. Availability of Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has contributed to assess second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars.Objective: To study the presence of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals, classify morphology of canals according to Vertucci’s classification and to measure the distance between MB1 and MB2 canals.Materials & Method: 72 CBCT scans including 115 permanent maxillary first molars were evaluated by endodontist and oral radiologist separately using Dicom software to study the mesiobuccal root canal morphology. Oral radiologist and endodontist individually evaluated the scans through coronal, axial and oblique views to study canal configurations. Vertucci’s Classification was used to classify the canal configurations. Statistical tests were done to assess the gender variation and arch side difference.Result: Among 115 images evaluated; 30.4% samples had second mesiobuccal canal. The most common canal configuration was Type I (60.9 %) in mesiobuccal root. The mean distance between MB1 and MB2 canals was 2.39 mm in female and 2.56 mm in male.Conclusion: The occurrence of second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary permanent molar is considerable in Nepali patients. CBCT can be an effective tool to detect MB2 canal and other complexities of root canal system to achieve clinical success

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Cone-beam computed tomography study of tooth root and canal morphology of permanent molars in a Serbian population

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp180322100p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 470-478

Author(s):

Milica Popovic ◽

Suzana Zivanovic ◽

Tamara Vucicevic ◽

Miona Grujovic ◽

Milos Papic

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Second Molar ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

Background/Aim. For successful endodontic therapy, it is necessary to know root morphology. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze root canal morphology and root canal length of permanent molars in a Serbian population, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. The study included a total of 305 maxillary molars, and 280 mandibular molars receiving cone-beam computed tomography examination and determined root numbers, canal morphology according to Vertucci classification, and canal lengths. Results were correlated with sex and tooth location in the jaw. Results. The mesiobuccal roots of first maxillary molars showed Vertucci type I in 45.7%, followed by type II in 29% of cases. For the second molar, Vertucci type I was found in 60.5% of cases in mesiobuccal canals. Palatal and distobuccal canals mostly presented Vertucci type I configuration. The mesial roots of mandibular molars had the highest frequency of two canals with Vertucci type IV as the most frequent for the first molar, and Vertucci type II for the second molar. Distal roots most commonly had one canal in both molars. Palatal canal length was the highest in maxillary first molars, with the mean value of 20.62 mm, while in second molars, the highest length value was for the mesiobuccal canal (20.09 mm). In both mandibular molars the mesial root canal was the longest one. Differences were found according to sex and tooth location in the jaw. Conclusion. Mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars had two canals; it was more frequently compared to second molars. Mesial roots of mandibular molars showed same frequency of two canals, and diversity in Vertucci types. Male patients tended to have higher complexity of root canal morphology compared to that of females. CBCT can improve understanding of the root canal morphology.

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Assessment of root canal morphology of mandibular permanent anterior teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation by cone-beam computed tomography

Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jds.2021.02.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ranjdar mahmood talabani

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Canal Morphology

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Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Identify the Morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Premolars in Chennai Population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2019.v22i1.1673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. Process

Author(s):

Rajamohan Rajakeerthi ◽

Malli Suresh Babu Nivedhitha

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Root Canal Anatomy ◽

Computed Tomography Scanning

Objective: The complex root canal anatomy is inherently colonised by microbial flora. Endodontic treatment success is always related to adequate disinfection of the root canal space, which ultimately affects the treatment outcome. A thorough understanding of the external and internal root canal anatomy by using adequately imaging modalities is essential before planning any treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the number and morphology of the root canals of maxillary and mandibular premolars in Chennai population. Material and Methods: Full-size cone-beam computed tomographic images were randomly collected from 100 patients, resulting in a total of 200 first and 200 second maxillary premolars as well as 200 first and 200 second mandibular premolars. All the eight premolars were analysed in single patients, who underwent cone-beam computed tomography scanning during pre-operative assessment (before implant surgery, orthodontic treatment, diagnosis of dental-alveolar trauma or difficult root canal treatment). Total number of roots and root canals, frequency and correlations between men and women were recorded and statistically analysed by using chi-square tests. The root canal configurations were rated according to the Vertucci’s classification. Results: In the maxillary first premolar group (n = 200), 36.3% had 1 root, 56.7% had 2 roots and 7.0% had 3 roots, with most exhibiting a type IV canal configuration. In the maxillary second premolar group (n = 200), 60% had 1 root, 29.8% had 2 roots and 10.2% had 3 roots, with the majority of single-rooted second premolars exhibiting a type I canal configuration. In the mandibular first premolar group (n = 200), 80.5% had 1 root, 9.8% had 2 roots and 5% had 3 roots. In the mandibular second premolar group (n=200), 90.1% had 1 root, 6.4% had 2 roots and 3.5 % had 3 roots, with most exhibiting a type I canal configuration. No statistical correlation was found between number of roots, gender and tooth position. Conclusion: This cone-beam computed tomographic study confirmed previous anatomical and morphological investigations. Therefore, the possibility of additional root canals should be considered when treating premolars. Keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; Mandibular; Maxillary; Premolar; Root canal; Morphology.

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Prevalence of complex root canal morphology in the mandibular first and second premolars in Thai population: CBCT analysis

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01822-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Paramee Thanaruengrong ◽

Sirinya Kulvitit ◽

Mettachit Navachinda ◽

Pornkawee Charoenlarp

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Horizontal Tube ◽

Type I ◽

Complex Root ◽

Thai Population ◽

Single Root ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Cbct Analysis ◽

Canal Morphology

Abstract Background Mandibular premolars demonstrate high variability in root canal morphology, especially mandibular first premolars. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of root canal configurations of mandibular premolars according to Vertucci classification in a Thai population. Methods Total of 1159 CBCT images of Thai patients who received radiographic imaging at the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University in 2017–2018 was evaluated. The data were reported using descriptive statistics and the relationship between the prevalence of the root canal complexities and sex was analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results The most common root canal configuration was Vertucci type I, with a 63.1% and 98% prevalence in the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively. More than 98% of mandibular premolars had a single root. The prevalence of a bifurcation was 28.5% and 1.5% in the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively. The prevalence of a trifurcation was 3.2% in the mandibular first premolar. A C-shaped root canal was observed at 23.7% and 0.7% in the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively. The level of branching was mostly found at the middle 1/3 of the root. Bilateral appearance of the same root canal configuration was identified in 80.3% and 95.9% in the mandibular first and second premolars, respectively. There was no relationship between sex and the prevalence of a bifurcation, trifurcation, or C-shaped root canal. Conclusion Mandibular first premolars have more root canal complexities than mandibular second premolars. Horizontal tube shift x-ray technique, CBCT, dental operating microscope, and knowledge of root canal configurations have an important role in root canal identification in mandibular premolar with suspected complex root canal morphology.

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