scholarly journals Uncommon radiologic computed tomography appearances of the chest in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhito Sekimoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Makiko Okura ◽  
Takuo Hayashi ◽  
Hiroki Ebana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Large Cyst ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Ground Glass Attenuation ◽  
Pulmonary Cysts ◽  
Thin Walled

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare destructive lung disease characterized by multiple thin-walled pulmonary cysts. The currently proposed diagnostic algorithm emphasizes the characteristic cystic appearance on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) so uncommon HRCT appearances present challenges to establishing the proper LAM diagnosis. The objective of this study is to accrue uncommon chest HRCT appearances, determine frequencies in both tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated LAM (TSC-LAM) and sporadic LAM (S-LAM) patients. 311 females referred to our hospital, including 272 S-LAM patients (mean age 39.2 years) and 39 TSC-LAM patients (mean age 38.3 years), were retrospectively evaluated. We found 2 types of radiologic findings likely to make HRCT cyst appearance atypical: characteristics of the cyst itself and uncommon findings in addition to cysts. We found that approximately 80% of LAM patients, whether TSC-associated or sporadic, showed typical HRCT appearance with mild to severe cystic destruction. The remaining 20% displayed unusual profiles in cyst appearance as well as additional findings aside from cyst: the former includes large cyst, thickened walls, and irregularly shaped whereas the latter includes ground glass attenuation and diffuse noncalcified nodules. It is important to be aware of various radiologic findings that make HRCT cystic appearance atypical of LAM.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Dengue Fever with Necrotising Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazeem Fathima ◽  
Balamma Sujatha ◽  
Shami RP Kumar ◽  
S Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Female Child ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Thin Walled

Concurrent bacteremia in patients with dengue fever is rarely reported. Two and a half-year-old female child with fever, cough and cold for six days presented to Emergency Room (ER) with tachypnea, tachycardia and hepatomegaly. Investigations revealed dengue fever. Respiratory symptoms probed us to investigate the case further. High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) thorax showed moderate pleural effusion with collapse consolidation of left lung and a thin walled cavity with septations and fluid in left upper lobe. Child was treated with injection meropenem and vancomycin successfully.

Radiological pitfalls associated with the diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on high-resolution computed tomography and associated findings: experience from a single Italian center

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512093627
Author(s):  
Francesca Ricci ◽  
Armando Ugo Cavallo ◽  
Pugliese Luca ◽  
De Stasio Vincenzo ◽  
Pasqualetto Monia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Discordant Diagnosis

Background The diagnostic algorithm for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings and multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) has been well established. Purpose To identify the causes of disagreement between non-thoracic and thoracic radiologist involved in MDD for the imaging diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns and associated findings on HRCT and to improve the understanding of IPF by non-expert radiologists through a more systematic approach to HRCT. Material and Methods This study included 68 patients who underwent MDD for suspected IPF. We compared the first reports generated before MDD by non-expert radiologists with the CT pattern and associated findings of IPF reported by thoracic radiologist involved in MDD. Results Regarding the diagnosis of CT pattern by non-expert radiologists, 30/68 patients received a discordant diagnosis, and in another 28 reports, all features of the CT pattern were described without reaching a diagnostic conclusion. The first report was concordant in only 10 patients. For 63 cases in which associated findings were reported by expert radiologists in MDD, we documented discrepancies in 47 cases where associated findings were considered absent by the first non-thoracic radiologist. Conclusion We found significant discrepancies in the imaging diagnosis of UIP patterns and associated findings on HRCT between non-expert and thoracic radiologists included in MDD. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and suggested diagnostic strategies to improve non-expert radiologists’ approach to HRCT.

Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistulas: A Comprehensive Diagnostic Algorithm

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Zapalac ◽  
Bradley F. Marple ◽  
Nathan D. Schwade
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Cisternography

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the efficacy of current diagnostic modalities in the management of skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients presenting to our institution over the past 6 years with skull base CSF fistulas. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were included in the study. β2-Transferrin analysis of collected specimen was the most efficacious means of confirming a CSF leak. High-resolution computed tomography was the most informative radiographic study, yielding a sensitivity and an accuracy of 87%. Magnetic resonance cisternography, yielding a sensitivity and an accuracy of 78%, was instrumental in localizing the site of leak for a few cases but was most commonly corroborative. Using a graduated diagnostic approach, successful repair was attained in 88% of cases after 1 attempt and 98% after 1 or 2 attempts. CONCLUSION: For patients with skull base CSF fistulas, a graduated diagnostic approach with emphasis on confirmation of leak by β2-transferrin analysis and precise localization by high-resolution computed tomography is both efficacious and cost effective.

scholarly journals Radiologist agreement on the quantification of bronchiectasis by high-resolution computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Carneiro Barbosa de Brito ◽  
Maurício Kenji Ota ◽  
Fernando Sergio Studart Leitão Filho ◽  
Gustavo de Souza Portes Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Intraobserver Agreement ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Ground Glass Attenuation

Abstract Objective: To evaluate radiologist agreement on the quantification of bronchiectasis by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Materials and Methods: The HRCT scans of 43 patients with bronchiectasis were analyzed by two radiologists, who used a scoring system to grade the findings. Kappa (κ) values and overall agreement were calculated. Results: For the measurement and appearance of bronchiectasis, the interobserver agreement was moderate (κ = 0.45 and κ = 0.43, respectively), as was the intraobserver agreement (κ = 0.54 and κ = 0.47, respectively). Agreement on the presence of mucous plugging was fair, for central distribution (overall interobserver agreement of 68.3% and κ = 0.39 for intraobserver agreement) and for peripheral distribution (κ = 0.34 and κ = 0.35 for interobserver and intraobserver agreement, respectively). The agreement was also fair for peribronchial thickening (κ = 0.21 and κ = 0.30 for interobserver and intraobserver agreement, respectively). There was fair interobserver and intraobserver agreement on the detection of opacities (κ = 0.39 and 71.9%, respectively), ground-glass attenuation (64.3% and κ = 0.24, respectively), and cysts/bullae (κ = 0.47 and κ = 0.44, respectively). Qualitative analysis of the HRCT findings of bronchiectasis and the resulting individual patient scores showed that there was an excellent correlation between the observers (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.85 and 0.81 for interobserver and intraobserver agreement, respectively). Conclusion: In the interpretation of HRCT findings of bronchiectasis, radiologist agreement appears to be fair. In our final analysis of the findings using the proposed score, we observed excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreement.

scholarly journals Biomarkers and Autoantibodies of Interstitial Lung Disease with Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. CCRPM.S36748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Yoshifuji
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Ground Glass Attenuation

Various autoantibodies are seen in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Among myositis-specific antibodies, anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibodies are associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Anti-MDA5 antibodies are associated with dermatomyositis (DM) or clinically amyopathic DM complicated with rapidly progressive ILD. In anti-MDA5-positive patients, a random ground-glass attenuation pattern is a characteristic finding of ILD in chest high-resolution computed tomography. Conversely, anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies are not associated with rapidly progressive ILD but with chronic ILD. DM or clinically amyopathic DM patients with anti-MDA5, and characteristic high-resolution computed tomography findings are highly likely to have devastating ILD and need aggressive treatment.

Acute Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in Rats: Findings and Lung Density Changes in High Resolution Computed Tomography

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Dae Sik Ryu ◽  
Kun Sang Kim ◽  
Kil Hyen Kang ◽  
Haing Sup Chung ◽  
Bung Wok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Density

Determination of the Activity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: the Utility of High-Resolution Computed Tomography

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Myung Hee Chung ◽  
Hae Giu Lee ◽  
Won Jong Yu ◽  
Hong Jun Chung ◽  
Bo Sung Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography

Bone marrow densitometry by clinical high resolution computed tomography of human vertebrae

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Pena ◽  
Graeme Campbell ◽  
Timo Damm ◽  
Reinhard Barkmann ◽  
Sonja Waldhausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography

Computed tomography in diagnosis of silicosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Alina S. Kovaleva ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Natalya S. Serova ◽  
Tatyana B. Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Based Medicine

Respiratory system diseases are one of the main problems in contemporary occupational medicine and exceed one fifth of all occupational diseases. Objective of the review was search and analysis of literature on diagnosis of silicosis as an important occupational disease of respiratory organs, by computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography, from evidence-based medicine viewpoint.

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