scholarly journals A novel cochlear measurement that predicts inner-ear malformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawfiq Khurayzi ◽  
Fida Almuhawas ◽  
Abdulrahman Alsanosi ◽  
Yassin Abdelsamad ◽  
Úna Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Type I ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inner Ear Malformation ◽  
C Value ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Value Measurement

AbstractThe A-value used in cochlear duct length (CDL) estimation does not take malformed cochleae into consideration. The objective was to determine the A-value reported in the literature, to assess the accuracy of the A-value measurement and to evaluate a novel cochlear measurement in distinguishing malformed cochlea. High resolution Computer Tomography images in the oblique coronal plane/cochlear view of 74 human temporal bones were analyzed. The A-value and novel C-value measurement were evaluated as predictors of inner ear malformation type. The proximity of the facial nerve to the basal turn was evaluated subjectively. 26 publications report on the A-value; but they do not distinguish normal vs. malformed cochleae. The A-values of the normal cochleae compared to the cochleae with cochlear hypoplasia, incomplete partition (IP) type I, -type II, and -type III were significantly different. The A-value does not predict the C-value. The C-values of the normal cochleae compared to the cochleae with IP type I and IP type III were significantly different. The proximity of the facial nerve to the basal turn did not relate to the type of malformation. The A-value is different in normal vs. malformed cochleae. The novel C-value could be used to predict malformed anatomy, although it does not distinguish all malformation types.

scholarly journals A novel method of identifying inner ear malformation types by pattern recognition in the mid modiolar section

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandhan Dhanasingh ◽  
Daniel Erpenbeck ◽  
Masoud Zoka Assadi ◽  
Úna Doyle ◽  
Peter Roland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Type I ◽  
Side View ◽  
Outer Contour ◽  
Vestibular Aqueduct ◽  
A Value ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Parallel ◽  
Inner Ear Malformation

AbstractIdentification of the inner ear malformation types from radiographs is a complex process. We hypothesize that each inner ear anatomical type has a uniqueness in its appearance in radiographs. The outer contour of the inner ear was captured from the mid-modiolar section, perpendicular to the oblique-coronal plane, from which the A-value was determined from CT scans with different inner ear anatomical types. The mean A-value of normal anatomy (NA) and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) anatomical types was greater than for Incomplete Partition (IP) type I, II, III and cochlear hypoplasia. The outer contour of the cochlear portion within the mid-modiolar section of NA and EVAS resembles the side view of Aladdin’s lamp; IP type I resembles the side-view of the Sphinx pyramid and type II a Pomeranian dog’s face. The steep spiraling cochlear turns of IP type III resemble an Auger screw tip. Drawing a line parallel to the posterior margin of internal auditory canal (IAC) in axial-view, bisecting the cavity into cochlear and vestibular portions, identifies common-cavity; whereas a cavity that falls under the straight-line leaving no cochlear portion identifies cochlear aplasia. An atlas of the outer contour of seventy-eight inner ears was created for the identification of the inner malformation types precisely.

Pathology of labyrinthine ossification

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher deSouza ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Pat Schachern ◽  
Tae H. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Osseous Tissue ◽  
Scala Tympani ◽  
Fabry’S Disease ◽  
Fabry's Disease ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Vascular Compromise ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractOssification of the inner ear is the result of multifactorial pathogeneses, such as infection or malignant infiltration, and otosclerosis. Ossification of the innerear spaces is a well documented sequela of suppurative labyrinthitis. In this study of human temporal bones, sections from 14 patients (28 temporal bones)were studied. In additionto the osseous tissue within the inner ear, findings included neoplasms, otosclerosis, otitis media, trauma, and Fabry's disease. We have attempted to correlate these conditions and their influence on the formation of osseous tissue within the spaces of the inner ear. Tympanogenic infection and vascular compromise were found to play an important role in ossification. The scala tympani ofthe basal turn of the cochlea was frequently the site involved.

Distance from the Labyrinthine Portion of the Facial Nerve to the Basal Turn of the Cochlea Temporal Bone Histopathologic Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam I. Redleaf ◽  
Richard R. Blough
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Geniculate Ganglion ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Temporal Bones

The middle cranial fossa approach to lesions of the geniculate ganglion and internal auditory canal preserves cochlear function and affords access to the lateral internal auditory canal. The labyrinthine portion of the facial nerve tends to course near the basal turn of the cochlea, just beneath the middle cranial fossa floor, and is usually dissected in this approach. To determine the distance from the labyrinthine portion of the facial nerve to the basal turn of the cochlea, measurements were obtained in the temporal bones of 24 subjects (48 ears) 9 to 76 years of age. These subjects had no history of facial nerve or ear disease, and had normal audiograms. The distances ranged from 0.06 to 0.80 mm, with 21 of 24 right ears (87.5%) showing distances less than the standard size of the smallest diamond drills (0.6 mm), and 18 of 24 (75%) less than 0.5 mm. Incidental note is made of the distance from the geniculate ganglion to the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal, which ranged from 2.06 to 4.88 mm in the 48 specimens. These measurements can serve as guidelines for the surgeon working in the middle cranial fossa.

A Reliable Radiologic Landmark for the Facial Nerve in Axial Temporal Bone Computed Tomography Scans

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manohar Bance ◽  
Jason Erb
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Basal Turn ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
Temporal Bones

OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the reliability of a radiologic marker in identifying the vertical portion of the facial nerve in axial computed tomography (CT) temporal bone scans. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: At a tertiary care academic center, we used, with a random sample of 25 CT scans, a marker (the “B-line”) to identify the facial nerve. The variations in distance from this marker to the facial nerve were measured. RESULTS: This marker, which consists of a tangent line extrapolated from the posterior border of the basal turn of the cochlea, fell within 1 mm of the facial nerve on average. The average distance from the midpoint of the posterior border of the basal turn of the cochlea to the facial nerve was 11 ± 1 mm. CONCLUSION: This is a very reliable marker for the vertical portion of the facial nerve. SIGNIFICANCE: This marker can be used to rapidly find the facial nerve, even in diseased or postsurgical temporal bones.

Using the processus cochleariformis as a multipurpose landmark in middle cranial fossa surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ulug
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Intact Bone ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa Surgery

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate that the anatomical structure known as the processus cochleariformis, with its intimate and constant relationships to inner-ear structures, can be used as a reliable landmark during middle cranial fossa surgery, alone or in conjunction with other landmarks.Study design:An anatomical study using cadaveric temporal bones to define six reproducible measurements that relate the processus cochleariformis to inner-ear structures, and to define 14 other measurements that relate inner-ear structures to adjacent structures within the intact bone.Method:Using 10 cadaver specimens, 20 reproducible measurements were defined. The first six of these defined the relation of the processus cochleariformis to inner-ear structures in the middle cranial fossa approach. The other measurements defined the exact location of the inner-ear structures and adjacent structures within the intact bone.Results:The vertical crest lies at a 20° angle from the processus cochleariformis to the coronal plane, and at a distance of 5 to 6 mm from the processus cochleariformis. The point at which the medial margin of the basal turn of the cochlea crosses the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve lies at a 0° angle from the processus cochleariformis to the coronal plane, and at a distance of 6.5 to 7.5 mm from the processus cochleariformis. The superior semicircular canal lies at a 45° angle from the processus cochleariformis to the coronal plane. The other measurements obtained give important clues about the position of the cochlea, vestibulum, greater superficial petrosal nerve and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve.Conclusions:If the classical landmarks are indiscernible during middle cranial fossa surgery, then the processus cochleariformis, with its intimate and constant relationships to inner-ear structures, is a safe and constant landmark.

The Pattern of Facial Nerve Branching: A Cadaveric and Clinical Study

FACE ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 273250162110595
Author(s):  
Haithem Elhadi Babiker ◽  
Yousif Eltohami ◽  
Ahmed Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Different Populations

Background: Thorough understanding of the branches of the facial nerve is critical during parotidectomy. Many variations of the branching patterns have been observed among different populations. The objective of this study was to determine the different branching patterns in a Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 facial nerves were dissected. There were 40 cadavers (bilateral) and 10 patients (unilateral) who underwent parotidectomy. Only specimens with benign parotid pathology with intact facial nerve were included. Out of the 90 facial nerves examined, 41 were males and 9 females. Forty-six specimens (51%) were left; and 44 (49%) were right facial nerves. Facial nerve branching patterns were classified into 5 types as described by Katz and Kopuz. Results: The most common branching pattern was type III found in 42 cases (46.6%). The second most common was type I which was seen in 18 cases (20%). This is the most common type reported in the literature. Types II, IV, and V were found to be 8.8%, 12.2%, and 11% respectively. Conclusion: Facial nerve branching patterns are very variable and can be very complex. Significant differences exist between races. Surgeons who perform parotidectomy should be very familiar with these differences to avoid surgical misadventures.

scholarly journals Facial nerve branching pattern as seen in parotidectomy in Kashmiri population: our experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baba Aijaz Khaliq ◽  
Jasif Nisar ◽  
Aamir Yousuf ◽  
Tabish Maqbool ◽  
Rauf Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Kashmiri Population ◽  
Type V ◽  
A Prospective Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A prospective study to analyze the facial nerve branching pattern as seen in various parotidectomy surgeries in Kashmiri population. Main objective was to find out various branching patterns among peripheral branches of facial nerve in parotid tissue so that new young ENT surgeons could get benefited and it should be easy for them to perform parotid surgeries with less complications and unpredictable outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective study was conducted in 35 patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy in our department of otorhinolaryngology GMC Srinagar over a period of one and half year. Facial nerve branching pattern was classified according to the description given by Davis et al. Branching pattern of main trunk was also observed in all cases.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common type of branching pattern of facial nerve in our study was type I seen in 12 (34.2%) patients, followed by type III seen in 9 (25.7%), followed by type II in 5 (14.2%), type IV in 4 (11.4%) patients, followed by type V in 3 (8.5%) and VI in 2 (5.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Type I branching pattern is the most common branching pattern of the facial nerve (34.2%) followed by type III (25.7%), following the pattern as described by Davis. Main trunk was found single in 32 (91.4%%) patients however in 3 (8.57%) patients trunk was dividing in 2 branches before dividing in peripheral branching pattern as described above. </p>

Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
E.M. Kuhn ◽  
K.D. Marenus ◽  
M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

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