scholarly journals Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Totty ◽  
Naomi Warren ◽  
Isabella Huddleston ◽  
Karthik R. Ramanathan ◽  
Reed L. Ressler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compound Stimulus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Context Dependent

AbstractEnvironmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses with a Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm that evokes freeze-to-flight transitions. Similar to previous work in mice, we show that male and female rats display context-dependent flight-like behavior in the SCS paradigm. Flight behavior was dependent on contextual fear insofar as it was only evoked in a shock-associated context and was reduced in the conditioning context after context extinction. Flight behavior was only expressed to white noise regardless of temporal order within the compound. Nonetheless, rats that received unpaired SCS trials did not show flight-like behavior to the SCS, indicating it is associative. Finally, we show that pharmacological inactivation of two brain regions critical to the expression of contextual fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), attenuates both contextual fear and flight responses. All of these effects were similar in male and female rats. This work demonstrates that contextual fear can summate with cued and innate fear to drive a high fear state and transition from post-encounter to circa-strike defensive modes.

scholarly journals Behavioral and brain mechanisms mediating conditioned flight behavior in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Totty ◽  
Naomi Warren ◽  
Isabella Huddleston ◽  
Karthik R. Ramanathan ◽  
Reed L. Ressler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compound Stimulus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Stria Terminalis ◽  
Conditioning Context ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Innate Fear

ABSTRACTEnvironmental contexts and associative learning can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently unknown how contexts bias defensive transitions. Here we investigated context-dependent flight responses in the Pavlovian serial-compound stimulus (SCS) paradigm. We show here that SCS-evoked flight behavior in male and female rats is dependent on contextual fear. Flight was reduced in the conditioning context after context extinction and could be evoked in a different shock-associated context. Although flight was exclusive to white noise stimuli, it was nonetheless associative insofar as rats that received an equal number of unpaired USs did not show flight-like behavior. Finally, we found that inactivation of either the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) attenuated both contextual fear and flight responses. This work demonstrates that contextual fear summates with cued and innate fear to drive a high fear state and freeze-to-flight transitions.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Type I mRNA Levels in Brain Regions From Male and Female Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Gayle ◽  
Sergey E. Ilyin ◽  
Carlos R. Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Chronic alcohol feeding and its influence on c-Fos and heat shock protein-70 gene expression in different brain regions of male and female rats

Metabolism ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1562-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Nakahara ◽  
Makoto Hirano ◽  
Hideyuki Uchimura ◽  
Sima Shirali ◽  
Colin R. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Creatine kinase-B mRNA levels in brain regions from male and female rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey E Ilyin ◽  
Gayatri Sonti ◽  
George Molloy ◽  
Carlos R Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Creatine Kinase B

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and expression of novel sulphotransferase-like cDNAs from human and rat brain

2000 ◽  
Vol 346 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. FALANY ◽  
Xiaowei XIE ◽  
Jin WANG ◽  
Jorge FERRER ◽  
Josie L. FALANY
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Affinity Tag ◽  
Calculated Molecular Mass ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The sulphotransferase (SULT) gene family is involved with the conjugation of many small drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. In this report, we describe the cloning and expression of novel cDNAs from human and rat brain, which are structurally related to the SULTs. These cDNAs have been termed ‘brain sulphotransferase-like’ (BR-STL), because of their similarity to the SULTs and their selective expression in brain tissue. The proteins encoded by the human and rat BR-STL cDNAs (hBR-STL-1 and rBR-STL cDNA respectively), denoted as hBR-STL and rBR-STL, are 98% identical and 99% similar in sequence. The hBR-STL-1 cDNA contains an 852-nt open reading frame encoding a 284-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 33083 Da. Northern-blot analyses of RNA isolated from eight human tissues indicate that the hBR-STL message is selectively expressed in brain. Characterization of different brain regions showed that message levels were highest in cortical brain regions. rBR-STL message levels were relatively low in brains of 1-day-old male and female rats, but increased to adult levels in RNA from 7-day-old rats, and remained at that level in adult animals. The hBR-STL and rBR-STL cDNAs were expressed in both Escherichia coli and Sf9 insect cells in the presence or absence of an N-terminal histidine-affinity tag (His-tag). Polyclonal antibodies were raised in chickens against purified His-tagged hBR-STL, and were used to detect the presence of rBR-STL in adult male and female rat brain cytosol. The high degree of sequence conservation, and the selective localization of the BR-STL message in brain, suggest an important function in the central nervous system.

Estradiol potentiates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the oval bed nucleus of the striaterminalis of male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gardner Gregory ◽  
Emily R. Hawken ◽  
Staci Angelis ◽  
Jean-Francois Bouchard ◽  
Éric C. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bed Nucleus ◽  
Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Acute slice preparation for electrophysiology increases spine numbers equivalently in the male and female juvenile hippocampus: a DiI labeling study

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 958-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Trivino-Paredes ◽  
P. C. Nahirney ◽  
C. Pinar ◽  
P. Grandes ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neuronal Dendrites ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Cornu Ammonis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hippocampal slices are widely used for in vitro electrophysiological experiments to study underlying mechanisms for synaptic transmission and plasticity, and there is a growing appreciation for sex differences in synaptic plasticity. To date, several studies have shown that the process of making slices from male animals can induce synaptogenesis in cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) pyramidal cells, but there is a paucity of data for females and other brain regions. In the current study we use microcrystals of the lipophilic carbocyanine dye DiI (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) to stain individual neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampal subfields of postnatal day 21 male and female rats. We show that the preparation of sections for electrophysiology produces significant increases in spines in sections obtained from females, similar to that observed in males. We also show that the procedures used for in vitro electrophysiology also result in significant spine increases in the DG and CA1 subfields. These results demonstrate the utility of this refined DiI procedure for staining neuronal dendrites and spines. They also show, for the first time, that in vitro electrophysiology slice preparations enhance spine numbers on hippocampal cells equivalently in both juvenile females and males. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study introduces a new DiI technique that elucidates differences in spine numbers in juvenile female and male hippocampus, and shows that slice preparations for hippocampal electrophysiology in vitro may mask these differences.

Contextual fear cues inhibit eating in food-deprived male and female rats

Appetite ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Reppucci ◽  
Meghana Kuthyar ◽  
Gorica D. Petrovich
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Male And Female Rats
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