scholarly journals Patch selection by bumble bees navigating discontinuous landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana P. Fragoso ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Murray K. Clayton ◽  
Johanne Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Patch Selection ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Set Up

AbstractPollen and nectar resources are unevenly distributed over space and bees must make routing decisions when navigating patchy resources. Determining the patch selection process used by bees is crucial to understanding bee foraging over discontinuous landscapes. To elucidate this process, we developed four distinct probability models of bee movement where the size and the distance to the patch determined the attractiveness of a patch. A field experiment with a center patch and four peripheral patches of two distinct sizes and distances from the center was set up in two configurations. Empirical transition probabilities from the center to each peripheral patch were obtained at two sites and two years. The best model was identified by comparing observed and predicted transition probabilities, where predicted values were obtained by incorporating the spatial dimensions of the field experiment into each model’s mathematical expression. Bumble bees used both patch size and isolation distance when selecting a patch and could assess the total amount of resources available in a patch. Bumble bees prefer large, nearby patches. This information will facilitate the development of a predictive framework to the study of bee movement and of models that predict the movement of genetically engineered pollen in bee-pollinated crops.

scholarly journals Patch Selection by Bumble Bees Navigating Discontinuous Landscapes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Fragoso ◽  
Qi Jiang ◽  
Murray Clayton ◽  
Johanne Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Patch Selection ◽  
Probability Models ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Pollen and nectar resources are unevenly distributed over space and bees must make routing decisions when navigating patchy resources. Determining the patch selection process used by bees is crucial to understanding bee foraging over discontinuous landscapes. To elucidate this process, we developed four distinct probability models of bee movement where the size and the distance to the patch determined the attractiveness of a patch. A field experiment with a center patch and four peripheral patches of two distinct sizes and distances from the center was set up in two configurations. Empirical transition probabilities from the center to each peripheral patch were obtained at two sites and two years. The best model was identified by comparing observed and predicted transition probabilities, where predicted values were obtained by incorporating the spatial dimensions of the field experiment into each model’s mathematical expression. Bumble bees used both patch size and isolation distance when selecting a patch and could assess the total amount of resources available in a patch. Bumble bees prefer large, nearby patches. This information will facilitate the development of a predictive framework to the study of bee movement and of models that predict the movement of genetically engineered pollen in bee-pollinated crops.

Soil response to chemicals used in a field experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jezierska-Tys ◽  
A. Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The effect of chemicals (Reglone 200 SL and Elastiq 550 EC) on soil microorganisms and their enzymatic activity was estimated. The study was conducted in a field experiment which was set up in the split-block design and comprised three treatments. Soil samples were taken six times, twice in each year of study. The results showed that the application of chemicals generally had no negative effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The application of Reglone 200 SL caused an increase of proteolytic and ureolytic activity and affected the activity of dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The soil subjected of Elastiq 550 EC was characterized by lower activity of dehydrogenases, protease, urease and alkaline phosphatase.

scholarly journals Recruitment Selection Process with Refernce to Trimastir Solution Pvt Ltd

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 586-589
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Business Condition ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Natural Situation ◽  
The Way

Enrollment is the way toward scanning for planned representatives and animating them to apply for employments in the association. Choice could be defined as the operation by which the organization watches over among the applicants, those people they think would best fulfill the precondition of the exercise, thinking about the present natural situation. In the current quickly changing business condition, associations have to to retort rapidly to prerequisites for individuals. It is therefore vital to set up a well-characterized enlistment policy that can be properly performed in order to get the greatest suits for vacant roles. Choosing an inappropriate competitor or rejecting the right up-and-comer could result in the partnership being exorbitant mistakes.

scholarly journals Tagging Oil-Residues in Tankers with Microparticles

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
P. O. Agnedal
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Aspect

ABSTRACT The increase in pollution by oil spills in the Baltic has lead to the Minister of Transport to set up a committee with the task to find methods for identifying ships responsible for oil spills. A preliminary study of the oil transport situation in Sweden had shown that the fingerprint method for identification will be difficult to use. The study also showed that microparticles of plastic and metal as tags might be used. In most cases the oil spills in the Baltic are due to pumping out residues mixed with ballast. In the present paper the merits of different methods for tagging these residues, including the cost aspect, are treated as well as identification of recovered oil samples. In a field experiment the oil residues in a tanker were tagged. Some of its tanks were tagged with plastic particles and some with metal particles. The tanks were treated in different ways for cleaning and the oil-water mixtures were then pumped out in the sea under controlled conditions. The different spills were kept inside an enclosure for a fortnight and samples were taken every day. In all analysed samples the tagged substance could be recovered and identified. A plan for testing this method on a larger scale is under preparation.

Foraging by bumble bees on patches of artificial flowers: a laboratory study

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1866-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Hartling ◽  
R. C. Plowright
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Bombus Atratus ◽  
Artificial Flowers ◽  
Repeat Visits

A remotely controlled artificial flower system for investigation of bumble bee foraging behaviour in the laboratory is described. The behaviour of Bombus atratus Fkln. workers from captive colonies trained to forage on patches of artificial flowers in a flight room conformed well to the predictions of optimal foraging theory. Within-patch movement was systematic, tending to minimize repeat visits to flowers sampled previously. Between-patch movement was influenced both by frequency of encounters with empty flowers in the first patch and by inter-patch distance.

scholarly journals Recent Development of the Atomic Line List

Galaxies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Van Hoof
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Atomic Line ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Line List ◽  
Atomic Lines ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Web

The Atomic Line List is an online database of wavelengths and transition probabilities of atomic lines. It is primarily set up as a tool to help identify unknown spectral features. This paper briefly describes the web interface, how the line list is constructed, and what development is currently being undertaken for the next release.

Reaction Kinetics of Thrombin Activity in Decalcified Plasma and Blood

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
L. A Pálos ◽  
G Sas ◽  
A Csurgay
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
First Order ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kinetics Of

SummaryThe reaction kinetics of the second phase of blood clotting (conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin) has been studied in euglobulin and thrombin-antithrombin systems. It was intended to set up relationships that would make mathematical expression of the processes possible and which would, moreover, help in detecting dynamic and functional relationships characteristic of the mechanism involved in coagulation.The experiments have yielded the following results:1. In the euglobulin solution containing no antithrombin the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction can be characterized with a constant deviation from the first order kinetics.2. The process of thrombin inactivation is a reaction of first order in the initial phase.3. The two basic processes (clotting by thrombin in euglobulin solution, inactivation of thrombin in defibrinated plasma) make it possible to predetermine the thrombin time of citrated plasma. Theoretical and actual clotting times were in good agreement.4. The thrombin time of plasma can be computed even if thrombin is not introduced to the system at one stride but gradually, a manner of administration which is a better imitation of what happening in vivo. 5. In connection with the computation of the “thrombin time” of citrated blood, we determined experimentally (and expressed by means of a function) the modification produced by the corpuscular elements of the blood in the reaction between fibrinogen and thrombin under atraumatic conditions.

Set-Up due to Random Waves: Influence of the Directional Spectrum

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (A3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
Directional Spectrum ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Spreading Function ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
Buoy Data

The correct estimation of set-up is very important to evaluate coastal hazard and to design coastal structures. In this paper, we derived a mathematical expression for wave set-up in the context of random waves. The solution to this expression assumes straight, parallel depth contours and constant average flow parameters in the longshore direction. We then investigated the effect of different types of sea state taking account of different frequency spectrum and spreading function assumed in the expression on estimates of wave set-up. We found the set-up was highly influenced by the frequency spectrum used. Finally, we applied this expression to estimate set-up values at locations in Italy and in the United States using buoy data provided by ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) and NDBC (National Data Buoy Centre).

Dilemma in hiring

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seema Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Organization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Management Students

Subject area The recruitment and selection process, human resource planning, talent management and succession planning. Study level/applicability The case has been tried and tested in the classroom setting with management students pursuing a Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management (PGDBM). Case overview The case is set in the southern part of India in a manufacturing organization, Plomsom Ltd (a disguised organisation). Plomsom Ltd manufactures tractors and has a pan-India presence. The sale of tractors in India fluctuates over time. Sales are largely dependent on the seasonal harvests which in turn are heavily dependent on the monsoon rains. The case is designed for understanding the importance and necessity of finding the right man at the right time with the right skills in a manufacturing set up where production output is a factor of many interdependent variables. Expected learning outcomes The learning objectives of the case are: critical analysis of recruitment and selection; importance of job analysis in recruitment and selection; understanding the role of HR planning in running the operations; understanding problems in the manufacturing sector in an Indian context. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available. Consult your librarian for access.

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