scholarly journals Predicting language treatment response in bilingual aphasia using neural network-based patient models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uli Grasemann ◽  
Claudia Peñaloza ◽  
Maria Dekhtyar ◽  
Risto Miikkulainen ◽  
Swathi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
Model Training ◽  
Cross Language

AbstractPredicting language therapy outcomes in bilinguals with aphasia (BWA) remains challenging due to the multiple pre- and poststroke factors that determine the deficits and recovery of their two languages. Computational models that simulate language impairment and treatment outcomes in BWA can help predict therapy response and identify the optimal language for treatment. Here we used the BiLex computational model to simulate the behavioral profile of language deficits and treatment response of a retrospective sample of 13 Spanish-English BWA who received therapy in one of their languages. Specifically, we simulated their prestroke naming ability and poststroke naming impairment in each language, and their treatment response in the treated and the untreated language. BiLex predicted treatment effects accurately and robustly in the treated language and captured different degrees of cross-language generalization in the untreated language in BWA. Our cross-validation approach further demonstrated that BiLex generalizes to predict treatment response for patients whose data were not used in model training. These findings support the potential of BiLex to predict therapy outcomes for BWA and suggest that computational modeling may be helpful to guide individually tailored rehabilitation plans for this population.

scholarly journals A computational account of bilingual aphasia rehabilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWATHI KIRAN ◽  
ULI GRASEMANN ◽  
CHALEECE SANDBERG ◽  
RISTO MIIKKULAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Optimal Rehabilitation ◽  
Target Performance ◽  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Patient Performance ◽  
Patient Demographic Information

Current research on bilingual aphasia highlights the paucity in recommendations for optimal rehabilitation for bilingual aphasic patients (Edmonds & Kiran, 2006; Roberts & Kiran, 2007). In this paper, we have developed a computational model to simulate an English–Spanish bilingual language system in which language representations can vary by age of acquisition (AoA) and relative proficiency in the two languages to model individual participants. This model is subsequently lesioned by varying connection strengths between the semantic and phonological networks and retrained based on individual patient demographic information to evaluate whether or not the model's prediction of rehabilitation matches the actual treatment outcome. In most cases the model comes close to the target performance subsequent to language therapy in the language trained, indicating the validity of this model in simulating rehabilitation of naming impairment in bilingual aphasia. Additionally, the amount of cross-language transfer is limited both in the patient performance and in the model's predictions and is dependent on that specific patient's AoA, language exposure and language impairment. It also suggests how well alternative treatment scenarios would have fared, including some cases where the alternative would have done better. Overall, the study suggests how computational modeling could be used in the future to design customized treatment recipes that result in better recovery than is currently possible.

scholarly journals Resolution of tissue signatures of therapy response in patients with recurrent GBM treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lu ◽  
Alphonsus H. C. Ng ◽  
Frances E. Chow ◽  
Richard G. Everson ◽  
Beth A. Helmink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme

AbstractThe response of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme to neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade has been challenging to interpret due to the inter-patient and intra-tumor heterogeneity. We report on a comparative analysis of tumor tissues collected from patients with recurrent glioblastoma and high-risk melanoma, both treated with neoadjuvant checkpoint blockade. We develop a framework that uses multiplex spatial protein profiling, machine learning-based image analysis, and data-driven computational models to investigate the pathophysiological and molecular factors within the tumor microenvironment that influence treatment response. Using melanoma to guide the interpretation of glioblastoma analyses, we interrogate the protein expression in microscopic compartments of tumors, and determine the correlates of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, tumor growth, treatment response, and immune cell-cell interaction. This work reveals similarities shared between glioblastoma and melanoma, immunosuppressive factors that are unique to the glioblastoma microenvironment, and potential co-targets for enhancing the efficacy of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade.

scholarly journals Assessment of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 Foci in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Predict Subclinical Hematotoxicity and Response in Somatostatin Receptor-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Advanced Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1516
Author(s):  
Thorsten Derlin ◽  
Natalia Bogdanova ◽  
Fiona Ohlendorf ◽  
Dhanya Ramachandran ◽  
Rudolf A. Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Radioligand Therapy ◽  
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes

Background: We aimed to characterize γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci formation in patients receiving somatostatin receptor-targeted radioligand therapy, and explored its role for predicting treatment-related hematotoxicity, and treatment response. Methods: A prospective analysis of double-strand break (DSB) markers was performed in 21 patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci formation were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) at baseline, +1 h and +24 h after administration of 7.4 GBq (177Lu)Lu-DOTA-TATE. Hematotoxicity was evaluated using standard hematology. Therapy response was assessed using (68Ga)Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT before enrollment and after 2 cycles of PRRT according to the volumetric modification of RECIST 1.1. Results: DSB marker kinetics were heterogeneous among patients. Subclinical hematotoxicity was associated with γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci formation (e.g., change in platelet count vs change in γ-H2AX+ cells between baseline and +1 h (r = −0.6080; p = 0.0045). Patients showing early development of new metastases had less γ-H2AX (p = 0.0125) and less 53BP1 foci per cell at +1 h (p = 0.0289), and demonstrated a distinct kinetic pattern with an absence of DSB marker decrease at +24 h (γ-H2AX: p = 0.0025; 53BP1: p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Assessment of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci formation in PBLs of patients receiving radioligand therapy may hold promise for predicting subclinical hematotoxicity and early treatment response.

Cross-language generalisation in bilingual aphasia: what are we missing when we do not analyse discourse?

Aphasiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162
Author(s):  
Aviva Lerman ◽  
Lisa A. Edmonds ◽  
Mira Goral
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Aphasia ◽  
Cross Language

The Most Important Therapy Outcomes for School-Aged Children Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3S) ◽  
pp. 1152-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Cooke ◽  
Sharon K. Millard
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Successful Therapy ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Integrated Or

Purpose The aim of this article was to identify what school-aged children who stutter consider to be the most important outcomes from therapy. Method A Delphi approach was employed for the study. Eighteen participants aged 9–13 years completed a survey, generating 90 statements that would constitute successful therapy outcomes. After categorization and reduction, 79 statements were sent to participants in a second survey to seek consensus on their importance. Fifteen participants aged 8–14 years completed this second survey. Statements with the highest median ratings and smallest standard deviations were retained. Results Twenty-one statements were retained after analysis. These reflected hopes for affective and behavioral change in the young person and in other people after therapy. Important outcomes included, but are not limited to, increased fluency, greater independence, increased confidence at school, others knowing how to support the individual, and communication situations feeling easier. Conclusions Participants identified a range of outcomes that were important to achieve as a result of speech and language therapy. The findings suggest a need for a more holistic view of what is meant by successful therapy, incorporating improvements in the ability to communicate and participate in daily situations. The findings suggest that an integrated or holistic approach to intervention would be required to achieve these goals and should include significant others from the child's environment. The important statements identified in this study could be used to inform the content of therapy and to evaluate change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7144205

Counseling for the Client Suffering from a Communication Disorder

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Kurt Kraetschmer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Language Impaired ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Insight Into

The paper discusses problems encountered in counseling and rehabilitating the client who suffers from a speech-language impairment which limits his communicative abilities and skills. The first part addresses questions germane to family counseling and provides insight into the problem of adequate environment for speech-language therapy. The second part propounds a classification of various speech-langulfge disorders which are frequently encountered in the clinical practice. It also describes the characteristic features of these disorders and appropriate intervention strategies. The last part presents two case studies from the clinical practice to show the results of an integrative approach to the rehabilitation of the speech-language impaired client.

Beyond morphosyntax in developing bilinguals and “specific” language impairment

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kohnert ◽  
Kerry Danahy Ebert
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Primary Language Impairment

In the Keynote Article, “The Interface Between Bilingual Development and Specific Language Impairment,” Johanne Paradis considers issues and evidence at the intersection of children learning two languages and primary or specific language impairment (SLI). The review focuses on morphosyntactic evidence and the fit of this evidence with maturational (domain-specific) and limited processing capacity (LPC; domain-general) theories of language impairment. We agree with Paradis that studies that systematically and simultaneously investigate the behavioral profile of dual-language learners and children with language impairment are of significant theoretical and practical value. In our commentary we aim to broaden the behavioral profile to be considered in these populations, beyond the level of morphosyntax. In line with this aim we use the term primary language impairment (PLI) for the same population referred to as SLI by Paradis.

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