scholarly journals Probing penile hemodynamics by using photoplethysmography as objective indicators for male erection quality and sexual function

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Hung Pong ◽  
Yi-Kai Chang ◽  
Ching-En Hsu ◽  
Po-Cheng Chen ◽  
Yu-Chuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Reflection Time ◽  
Convenient Technique ◽  
Objective Indicators

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is mostly due to the lack of blood flow into the penis. In the past 20 years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used in measuring the concentrations and temporal dynamics of different hemoglobin types. However, the dynamics of the light absorption (photoplethysmography; PPG) have not been applied to survey penile hemodynamics and erection quality. This paper compared the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) to study vascular ED with standard penile Doppler ultrasonography. Men diagnosed with vascular ED for at least 6 months and nominated for penile ultrasonography were included. PPG signals were collected during the ultrasound examination. All beat-to-beat PPG waveforms were aligned with the peak and averaged to one representative template waveform for feature analysis, including amplitude differences (APD) index, reflection time index (RTI), augmentation index (AI), and perfusion index (PI). An inverse correlation was found between end-erection amplitude and both erection hardness score (EHS) and resistive index (RI). APD index and EHS as well as the international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF) and RI were positively correlated. RTI and AI were inversely correlated to IIEF and RI. PI was positively correlated to RI. PPG may therefore be useful as a noninvasive, convenient, technique for sexual function evaluation.

Abstract 18907: Relationships Between Renal Haemodynamics With Cardiac and Aortic Haemodynamics in the Early Stages of Essential Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kintis ◽  
Costas Tsioufis ◽  
Anastasia Mazaraki ◽  
Evaggelia Koutra ◽  
Lefki Nikolopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Renal Haemodynamics ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cardiac Haemodynamics

Introduction: The relationship of renal haemodynamics with cardiac and aortic hameodynamics is still unclear. Hypothesis: We evaluated the relationship of increased renal resistive index (RRI) with Augmentation index (AIx) and cardiac haemodynamics by means of mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea) in untreated patients with essential hypertension. Methods: 76 newly diagnosed untreated non diabetic patients with stage I-II essential hypertension [35 males, aged 50 years, office blood pressure (BP) = 143/ 91 mm Hg], underwent ABPM, complete echocardiographic study for determination of E/Ea and blood sampling for assessment of metabolic profile. Moreover, data on renal resistive index (RRI), obtained by Doppler ultrasound sampling of the intrarenal arteries, as well as augmentation index (AIx), were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Based on the mean value of RRI (0.60), hypertensives were classified into those with high and low RRI. Hypertensives with high RRI values compared to those with low values were older (55.6±9.8 vs 44.4±11.6 years, p < 0.001), had lower 24-hour diastolic BP (77.5±7.7 vs 84.3±6.7 mmHg, p < 0.001), lower 24-hour HR (71.2±10.3 vs 76.2±9.2 bpm, p < 0.05), higher levels of AIx (27.2±8.2 vs 17.8±14.8 %, p < 0.01), and higher values of E/Ea (lateral) (7.7±1.8 vs 6.2±2.3, p < 0.05). In the total population, RRI was negatively related to 24-hour diastolic BP (r = -0.523, p < 0.001) and 24-hour HR (r = -0.281, p < 0.05), while it was positively associated with CRP (r = 0.335, p < 0.05), TChol (r = 0.296, p < 0.01), age (r = 0.443, r < 0.001), AIx (r = 0.413, p = 0.001) and E/Ea(lateral) (r = 0.465, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 24-hour diastolic BP and E/Ea (lateral) were independent associated with RRI (R2 = 0.434, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Increased vascular resistance of intrarenal arteries is associated with impaired aortic and cardiac haemodynamics, as reflected by increased AIx and E/Ea (lateral) values. RRI may be considered a useful surrogate of haemodynamics in essential hypertension.

THE EFFECT OF LEG PREFERENCE ON MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY DURING SINGLE-LEG EXTENSION EXERCISE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Venturelli ◽  
Cantor Tarperi ◽  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Luca Festa ◽  
Luana Toniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Leg Extension

To investigate how leg preference affects net efficiency (ηnet), we examined central and peripheral hemodynamics, muscle fiber type, activation and force of preferred (PL) and non-preferred (NPL) leg. Our hypothesis was that PL greater efficiency could be explained by adaptations and interactions between central, peripheral factors and force. Fifteen young participants performed single-leg extension exercise at absolute (35W) and relative (50%peak power-output (Wpeak)) workloads with PL and NPL. Oxygen uptake, photoplethysmography, Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared-spectroscopy deoxy-hemoglobin [HHb], integrated electromyography (iEMG), maximal isometric force (MVC), rate of force development (RFD50-100) and muscle biopsies of both vastus lateralis, were studied to assess central and peripheral determinants of ηnet. During exercise executed at 35W, ηnet was 17.5±5.1% and 11.9±2.1% (p<0.01) in NP and NPL respectively, while during exercise at the 50% of Wpeak, was in PL = 18.1±5.1% and in NPL = 12.5±1.9 (p<0.01). The only parameter correlated with ηnet was iEMG which showed an inverse correlation for absolute (r=-0.83 and -0.69 for PL and NPL) and relative workloads (r=-0.92 and -0.79 for PL and NPL). MVC and RFD50-100 were higher in PL than in NPL but not correlated to ηnet. This study identified a critical role of leg preference in the efficiency during single-leg extension exercise. The whole spectrum of the central and peripheral, circulatory and muscular determinants of ηnet did not explain the difference between PL and NPL efficiency. Therefore, the lower muscle activation exhibited by the PL is likely the primary determinant of this physiological phenomenon.

scholarly journals Neural synchrony in mother–child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Hanna Schleihauf ◽  
Ezgi Kayhan ◽  
Daniel Matthes ◽  
Pascal Vrtička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns of caregiver–child conversations have been linked to children’s socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate family environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has been proposed as a neural mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at the temporal dynamics of neural synchrony during mother–child conversation. Preschoolers (20 boys and 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) and their mothers (M age 36.37 years) were tested simultaneously with fNIRS hyperscanning while engaging in a free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural synchrony (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn was coded for conversation patterns comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency and intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that turn-taking, but not relevance, contingency or intrusiveness predicted neural synchronization during the conversation over time. Results are discussed to point out possible variables affecting parent–child conversation quality and the potential functional role of interpersonal neural synchronization for parent–child conversation.

scholarly journals Incontinência Urinária de Esforço e Disfunção Sexual Feminina: O Papel da Reabilitação do Pavimento Pélvico

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Andreia Preda ◽  
Susana Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscles ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation ◽  
Urine Leakage

Introduction: The prevalence of urinary incontinence in Portuguese women is 21.4% and has a very negative impact on quality of life including women’s sexual activity. Pelvic floor rehabilitation is the first line treatment used in stress urinary incontinence and may be a tool in the treatment of sexual dysfunction in women with urinary incontinence. The aim of this review is to ascertain whether pelvic floor rehabilitation can improve sexual function in women with stress urinary incontinence.Material and Methods: We reviewed 12 articles in PubMed using the keywords: ‘urinary incontinence’, ‘female sexual dysfunction’ and ‘pelvic floor physical therapy’.Results: Pelvic floor rehabilitation is linked to a decrease in frequency of urinary leakage episodes as well as an improvement of coital incontinence. Furthermore, sexual function evaluation scores post-treatment revealed a positive change. Higher parity, higher adherence to treatment, improvement in the strength of pelvic floor muscles, and a decrease in the frequency of urine leakage were associated with higher improvement in sexual function.Discussion: Sexual function should be considered in the approach of urinary incontinence and standard tools of evaluation are essential tools for clinical assessment and follow-up. More evidence is required to identify the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in sexual dysfunction of Portuguese women with urinary incontinence.Conclusion: Pelvic floor rehabilitation improves sexual function of women with stress urinary incontinence not only because it decreases the episodes of urine leakage but also because it strengthens pelvic floor muscles.

scholarly journals Novel biomarkers of kidney injury and fibrosis in patients with different severity of hypertension: relation to vascular reactivity and stiffness

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
S. A. Mironova ◽  
Yu. S. Yudina ◽  
M. A. Ionov ◽  
N. G. Avdonina ◽  
I. V. Emelyanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Estimated Gfr ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Aortic Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Aortic Blood Pressure

Aim. To compare the relationships between conventional and new potentially more early investigational biomarkers (urine and ultrasound) of kidney injury and central aortic blood pressure, vascular stiffness and reactivity, endothelial dysfunction in patients with different severity of hypertension.Material and methods. Urine levels NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP, albuminuria and serum levels of сystatin C and creatinine were measured in 92 hypertensive patients with mild and severe hypertension, 46 male (mean age 50,7±12,2 years). Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the level of serum creatinine and cystatin C by MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas. Instrumental examination included measuring office blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (SpaceLabs 90207), applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, Artcor Medical) with the calculation of central aortic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity and augmentation index and Doppler ultrasonography with assessment of intraparenchymal renal arterial resistance indices — resistive index and pulsatility index (Vivid 7 dimension). Endothelial function was assessed by reactive hyperemia index with EndoPAT device (Itamar Medicals).Results. There were no differences in conventional levels of biomarkers between patients, however, cystatin C level increased and serum cystatin C estimated GFR and serum creatinine and cystatin C estimated GFR (CKD EPI formula) (sCr,Cys-estimated GFR) levels decreased with the severity of hypertension. These novel biomarkers were associated with increased central aortic blood pressure, arterial stiffness and intraparenchymal renal arterial resistance indices. Decreased sCr,Cys-estimated GFR levels were associated with lower reactive hyperemia index. There were no differences in NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP levels in patients with hypertension. However, NGAL levels were associated with increased augmentation index, resistive index in intralobular and pulsatility index in arcuate arteries, KIM-1 and L-FABP levels were associated with increased systolic and diastolic central aortic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity only in patients with severe and resistant hypertension.Conclusion. Serum cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP levels seem to be biomarkers of increased systemic and intrarenal vascular stiffness in patients with different severity of hypertension.

scholarly journals Water-Diffusion Slowdown in the Human Visual Cortex on Visual Stimulation Precedes Vascular Responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kohno ◽  
Nobukatsu Sawamoto ◽  
Shin-ichi Urayama ◽  
Toshihiko Aso ◽  
Kenji Aso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Water Diffusion ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Total Hemoglobin

We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the temporal dynamics of changes in water diffusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the brain cortex of eight subjects undergoing visual stimulation, and compared them with changes of the vascular hemoglobin content (oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin) acquired simultaneously from intrinsic optical recordings (near infrared spectroscopy). The group average rise time for the diffusion MRI signal was statistically significantly shorter than those of the BOLD signal and total hemoglobin content optical signal, which is assumed to be the fastest observable vascular signal. In addition, the group average decay time for the diffusion MRI also was shortest. The overall time courses of the BOLD and optical signals were strongly correlated, but the covariance was weaker with the diffusion MRI response. These results suggest that the observed decrease in water diffusion reflects early events that precede the vascular responses, which could originate from changes in the extravascular tissue.

scholarly journals Deconvolution of hemodynamic responses along the cortical surface using personalized functional near infrared spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Machado ◽  
Z Cai ◽  
T Vincent ◽  
G Pellegrino ◽  
J-M Lina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Concentration Changes

AbstractIn functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), deconvolution analysis of oxy and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration changes allows estimating specific hemodynamic response functions (HRF) elicited by neuronal activity, taking advantage of the fNIRS excellent temporal resolution. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is also becoming the new standard reconstruction procedure as it is more accurate than the modified Beer Lambert law approach at the sensor level. The objective of this study was to assess the relevance of HRF deconvolution after DOT constrained along the cortical surface. We used local personalized fNIRS montages which consists in optimizing the position of fNIRS optodes to ensure maximal sensitivity to subject specific target brain regions. We carefully evaluated the accuracy of deconvolution when applied after DOT, using realistic simulations involving several HRF models at different signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels and on real data related to motor and visual tasks in healthy subjects and from spontaneous pathological activity in one patient with epilepsy. We demonstrated that DOT followed by deconvolution was able to accurately recover a large variability of HRFs over a large range of SNRs. We found good performances of deconvolution analysis for SNR levels usually encountered in our applications and we were able to reconstruct accurately the temporal dynamics of HRFs in real conditions.

Prognostic Value of Perioperative Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Neonatal and Infant Congenital Heart Surgery for Adverse In-Hospital Clinical Events

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannika Dodge-Khatami ◽  
Urda Gottschalk ◽  
Christine Eulenburg ◽  
Ulrike Wendt ◽  
Clivia Schnegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Lactate Levels

Background: Perioperative monitoring with multisite near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for congenital cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass may aid in predicting adverse clinical outcomes. Methods: Forty-one consecutive neonates and infants undergoing bypass were monitored with right + left cerebral and renal NIRS. Near-infrared spectroscopy and lactate were measured at 20 time points, from baseline 1 day preoperatively, during bypass and modified ultrafiltration (MUF; 10 minutes), until 24 hours postoperatively. Adverse events were extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)/death, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) or length of hospital stay. Results: Perioperative mean renal NIRS remained higher than baseline (n = 41) as did cerebral NIRS in all undergoing biventricular repair. During bypass (n = 41), mean right and left cerebral NIRS were equal. During MUF, cerebral and renal NIRS values increased ( P < .001). Cerebral NIRS and lactate inversely correlated during the first six postoperative hours. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation /death occurred in four patients, correlating with cerebral and renal NIRS below 45% ( P = .030) and 40% ( P = .019) at anytime, respectively, and with mean lactate levels >9.3 mmol/L in the first postoperative 24 hours ( P < .001). Among survivors, renal NIRS below 30% at any time predicted a longer ICU stay. Conclusions: At bypass conclusion, 10 minutes of MUF does not adversely affect cerebral or renal NIRS. Left and right cerebral NIRS are equal, so that biparietal cerebral NIRS monitoring is probably not warranted. Perioperative cerebral and renal NIRS readings, respectively, below 45% and 40% correlate with ECMO/death and renal NIRS below 30% with prolonged ICU stay. Cerebral NIRS and lactate levels showed a strong inverse correlation during the first six postoperative hours.

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