scholarly journals Neural synchrony in mother–child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Hanna Schleihauf ◽  
Ezgi Kayhan ◽  
Daniel Matthes ◽  
Pascal Vrtička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns of caregiver–child conversations have been linked to children’s socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate family environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has been proposed as a neural mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at the temporal dynamics of neural synchrony during mother–child conversation. Preschoolers (20 boys and 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) and their mothers (M age 36.37 years) were tested simultaneously with fNIRS hyperscanning while engaging in a free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural synchrony (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn was coded for conversation patterns comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency and intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that turn-taking, but not relevance, contingency or intrusiveness predicted neural synchronization during the conversation over time. Results are discussed to point out possible variables affecting parent–child conversation quality and the potential functional role of interpersonal neural synchronization for parent–child conversation.

scholarly journals TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING THREE CONCEPT GENERATION TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2961-2970
Author(s):  
Julie Milovanovic ◽  
Mo Hu ◽  
Tripp Shealy ◽  
John Gero
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Concept Generation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe research presented in this paper explores features of temporal design neurocognition by comparing regions of activation in the brain during concept generation. A total of 27 engineering graduate students used brainstorming, morphological analysis, and TRIZ to generate concepts to design problems. Students' brain activation in their prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Temporal activations were compared between techniques. When using brainstorming and morphological analysis, highly activated regions are consistently situated in the medial and right part of the PFC over time. For both techniques, the temporal neuro-physiological patterns are similar. Cognitive functions associated to the medial and right part of the PFC suggest an association with divergent thinking and adaptative decision making. In contrast, highly activated regions over time when using TRIZ appear in the medial or the left part of the prefrontal cortex, usually associated with goal directed planning.

scholarly journals A Guide to Parent-Child fNIRS Hyperscanning Data Processing and Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4075
Author(s):  
Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Stefanie Hoehl ◽  
Pascal Vrtička
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Wavelet Transform Coherence ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Random Pair ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Parent Child

The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent–child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of human social interaction. However, despite the rise of developmental hyperscanning studies over the last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on parent–child fNIRS hyperscanning data analysis in MATLAB and R. We provide an example dataset of 20 dyads assessed during a cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain signal acquired using 16 channels located over bilateral frontal and temporo-parietal areas. We use MATLAB toolboxes Homer2 and SPM for fNIRS to preprocess the acquired brain signal data and suggest a standardized procedure. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between dyads using Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and illustrate how to run a random pair analysis to control for spurious correlations in the signal. We then use RStudio to estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to account for the bounded distribution of coherence values for interpersonal neural synchrony analyses. With this guide, we hope to offer advice for future parent–child fNIRS hyperscanning investigations and to enhance replicability within the field.

scholarly journals A Guide to Parent-Child fNIRS Hyperscanning Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Stefanie Hoehl ◽  
Pascal Vrticka
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Wavelet Transform Coherence ◽  
Pair Analysis ◽  
Random Pair ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Parent Child

The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent-child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of human social interaction. However, despite the rise of developmental hyperscanning studies over the last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning data analysis in MATLAB and R. We provide an exemplary dataset of 20 dyads assessed during a cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain activity measured using 16 channels located over bilateral frontal and temporo-parietal areas. We use MATLAB toolboxes Homer2 and SPM for fNIRS to preprocess the acquired data, and suggest a standardized procedure previously employed in several publications. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between dyads using Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and illustrate how to run a random pair analysis to control for spurious correlations in the signal. We then use RStudio to estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to account for the bounded distribution of coherence values for interpersonal neural synchrony analyses. With this guide, we hope to offer advice for future parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning investigations and to enhance replicability within the field.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Synchrony Special Issue The role of anterior prefrontal cortex (area 10) in face-to-face deception measured with fNIRS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Pinti ◽  
Andrea Devoto ◽  
Isobel Greenhalgh ◽  
Ilias Tachtsidis ◽  
Paul W Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Anterior Prefrontal Cortex

Abstract Anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC, Brodmann area 10) activations are often, but not always, found in neuroimaging studies investigating deception, and the precise role of this area remains unclear. To explore the role of the PFC in face-to-face deception, we invited pairs of participants to play a card game involving lying and lie detection while we used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain activity in the PFC. Participants could win points for successfully lying about the value of their cards or for detecting lies. We contrasted patterns of brain activation when the participants either told the truth or lied, when they were either forced into this or did so voluntarily and when they either succeeded or failed to detect a lie. Activation in the anterior PFC was found in both lie production and detection, unrelated to reward. Analysis of cross-brain activation patterns between participants identified areas of the PFC where the lead player’s brain activity synchronized their partner’s later brain activity. These results suggest that during situations that involve close interpersonal interaction, the anterior PFC supports processing widely involved in deception, possibly relating to the demands of monitoring one’s own and other people’s behaviour.

Getting in synch: Unpacking the role of parent–child synchrony in the development of internalizing and externalizing behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho ◽  
Caroline P. Hoyniak ◽  
Lauren S. Wakschlag ◽  
Susan B. Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing Behaviors ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Parent Child

Abstract While substantial research supports the role of parent–child interactions on the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, few studies have explored biological mechanisms for this association. The current study explored behavioral and neural parent–child synchronization during frustration and play as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across a span of 1.5 years. Parent–child dyads first came to the laboratory when the child was 4–5 years old and completed the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS: BioSync) task while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were recorded. Parents reported on their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) four times over 1.5 years. Latent growth curve (LGC) modeling was conducted to assess neural and behavioral synchrony as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories. Consistent with previous investigations in this age range, on average, internalizing and externalizing behaviors decreased over the four time points. Parent–child neural synchrony during a period of play predicted rate of change in internalizing but not externalizing behaviors such that higher parent–child neural synchrony was associated with a more rapid decrease in internalizing behaviors. Our results suggest that a parent–child dyad's ability to coordinate neural activation during positive interactions might serve as a protective mechanism in the context of internalizing behaviors.

scholarly journals New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Thomas Gronwald ◽  
Felix Scholkmann ◽  
Hamoon Zohdi ◽  
Dominik Wyser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Internal Load

In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.

Interpersonal Neural Synchronization during Interpersonal Touch Underlies Affiliative Pair Bonding between Romantic Couples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Long ◽  
Lifen Zheng ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Siyuan Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Pair Bonding ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Neural Synchronization ◽  
Interpersonal Touch ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
Opposite Sex

Abstract Interpersonal touch plays a key role in creating and maintaining affiliative pair bonds in romantic love. However, the neurocognitive mechanism of interpersonal touch in affiliative pair bonding remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) during interpersonal touch underlies affiliative pair bonding between romantic couples. To test this hypothesis, INS between heterosexual romantic couples and between opposite-sex friends was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based hyperscanning, while the pairs of participants touched or vocally communicated with each other. The results showed significantly greater INS between the mentalizing and sensorimotor neural systems of two members of a pair during interpersonal touch than during vocal communication between romantic couples but not between friends. Moreover, touch-induced INS was significantly correlated with the self-reported strength of romantic love. Finally, the results also showed that men’s empathy positively modulated the association between touch-induced INS increase and the strength of romantic love. These findings support the idea that INS during interpersonal touch underlies affiliative pair bonding between romantic couples and suggest that empathy plays a modulatory role in the neurocognitive mechanism of interpersonal touch in affiliative pair bonding.

scholarly journals Synchrony of mind and body are distinct in mother-child dyads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Reindl ◽  
Sam Wass ◽  
Victoria Leong ◽  
Wolfgang Scharke ◽  
Sandra Wistuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Interpersonal Synchrony ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Behavioral Synchrony ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHyperscanning studies have begun to unravel the brain mechanisms underlying social interaction, indicating a functional role for interpersonal neural synchronization (INS), yet the mechanisms that drive INS are poorly understood. While interpersonal synchrony is considered a multimodal phenomenon, it is not clear how different biological and behavioral synchrony markers are related to each other. The current study, thus, addresses whether INS is functionally-distinct from synchrony in other systems – specifically the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and motor behavior. To test this, we used a novel methodological approach, based on concurrent functional near-infrared spectroscopy-electrocardiography, recorded while N = 34 mother-child and stranger-child dyads (child mean age 14 years) engaged in cooperative and competitive tasks. Results showed a marked differentiation between neural, ANS and behavioral synchrony. Importantly, only in the neural domain was higher synchrony for mother-child compared to stranger-child dyads observed. Further, ANS and neural synchrony were positively related during competition but not during cooperation. These results suggest that synchrony in different behavioral and biological systems may reflect distinct processes. Mother-child INS may arise due to neural processes related to social affiliation, which go beyond shared arousal and similarities in behavior.

scholarly journals Neural synchrony predicts children’s learning of novel words

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Piazza ◽  
Ariella Cohen ◽  
Juliana Trach ◽  
Casey Lew-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Neural Synchrony ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Temporal Correlations ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Novel Words ◽  
Children's Learning

AbstractSocial interactions have a well-studied influence on early development and language learning. Recent work has begun to investigate the neural mechanisms that underlie shared representations of input, documenting neural synchrony or coupling (measured using intersubject temporal correlations of neural activity) between individuals exposed to the same stimulus. Neural synchrony has been found to predict the quality of engagement with a stimulus and with communicative cues, but studies have yet to address how neural synchrony among children may relate to real-time learning. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we recorded the neural activity of 45 children (3.5-4.5 years) during joint book reading with an adult experimenter. The custom children’s book contained four novel words and objects embedded in an unfolding story, as well as a range of narrative details about object functions and character roles. We observed synchronized neural activity between child participants during book reading and found a positive correlation between learning and intersubject neural synchronization in parietal cortex, an area implicated in narrative-level processing in adult research. Our findings suggest that children’s learning is facilitated by active neural engagement with the dynamics of natural social input.

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