scholarly journals In search of a Goldilocks zone for credible AI

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Allan ◽  
Nir Oren ◽  
Jacqui Hutchison ◽  
Douglas Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Multiple Tests ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Scene Content ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Source Accuracy

AbstractIf artificial intelligence (AI) is to help solve individual, societal and global problems, humans should neither underestimate nor overestimate its trustworthiness. Situated in-between these two extremes is an ideal ‘Goldilocks’ zone of credibility. But what will keep trust in this zone? We hypothesise that this role ultimately falls to the social cognition mechanisms which adaptively regulate conformity between humans. This novel hypothesis predicts that human-like functional biases in conformity should occur during interactions with AI. We examined multiple tests of this prediction using a collaborative remembering paradigm, where participants viewed household scenes for 30 s vs. 2 min, then saw 2-alternative forced-choice decisions about scene content originating either from AI- or human-sources. We manipulated the credibility of different sources (Experiment 1) and, from a single source, the estimated-likelihood (Experiment 2) and objective accuracy (Experiment 3) of specific decisions. As predicted, each manipulation produced functional biases for AI-sources mirroring those found for human-sources. Participants conformed more to higher credibility sources, and higher-likelihood or more objectively accurate decisions, becoming increasingly sensitive to source accuracy when their own capability was reduced. These findings support the hypothesised role of social cognition in regulating AI’s influence, raising important implications and new directions for research on human–AI interaction.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Glass Ceiling focus on Women Administration in Higher Education in Malaysia: A Critical

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 1993-2000
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Political Condition ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
First World ◽  
Different Sources

Malaysia as a country has grown quite a lot over the last two decades despite the political condition often troubled with allegations of corruption but speaking economically and in social context, it can be claimed that as a country, Malaysia has fared in a decent manner and it has been able to maintain stability which has helped to elevate the progress of the nation. The social structure of Malaysia is in such a manner where there is a broad distribution of multiple ethnicities and cultures that it has been able to maintain but in accordance to the latest Gender Development Index, as till 2017, Malaysia ranks 57th among the 189 countries (http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GDI) and is categorized as a country with “VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT”. The paper makes an attempt to analyze and evaluate the various factors that have direct and indirect implications in acting as factors to influence the presence of “glass ceiling” in the higher education sector with focus on women administration. The objective is to explore and identify the different reasons behind women having to struggle in a country that has such a commendable mark in the HDI where the ones leading are from generally characterized first world countries. The discussion would highlight ways as suggested and put forth by the respondents who have been exposed to “glass ceiling” in various aspects of their career from the different sources and their opinion as to how they were able to overcome and how the upcoming young generation, the women who are aspiring to join the workforce in the coming future can prepare themselves in a manner that would assist them to prepare themselves in ways that the effects and impacts of “glass ceiling” can be reduced and tackled. The role of the components from the society to have an active role in making the effects to be reduced is extremely crucial and has to be dealt with in a manner that can serve the society in the long run.

scholarly journals What does the interactive brain hypothesis mean for social neuroscience? A dialogue

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1693) ◽  
pp. 20150379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne De Jaegher ◽  
Ezequiel Di Paolo ◽  
Ralph Adolphs
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Robotics

A recent framework inspired by phenomenological philosophy, dynamical systems theory, embodied cognition and robotics has proposed the interactive brain hypothesis (IBH). Whereas mainstream social neuroscience views social cognition as arising solely from events in the brain, the IBH argues that social cognition requires, in addition, causal relations between the brain and the social environment. We discuss, in turn, the foundational claims for the IBH in its strongest form; classical views of cognition that can be raised against the IBH; a defence of the IBH in the light of these arguments; and a response to this. Our goal is to initiate a dialogue between cognitive neuroscience and enactive views of social cognition. We conclude by suggesting some new directions and emphases that social neuroscience might take.

scholarly journals WACANA EKOFEMINISME TIRTO.ID

Jurnal Common ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Luxy Nabela Fariz ◽  
Pundra Rengga Andhita
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Relationship

This research aims to study how tirto.id's attitude towards ecofeminism discourse in Kartini Kendeng conflict with PT. Semen Indonesia in Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using Teun A. Van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) model which focuses on the elements of text, social cognition and social analysis. There are three data collection techniques that are carried out, namely, interviews, observation and literacy studies. The results showed that tirto.id had a fairly good consistency in raising the ecofeminism issue. Judging from the text elements, tirto.id presents themes, titles, leads, story telling and graphics that support the ecofeminism issue appearing in the community as a joint study that needs to be examined. Related to social cognition elements, tirto.id tried to build critical awareness about ecofeminism issue in Kartini Kendeng conflict with PT. Semen Indonesia. Until today the conflict is not over, Kartini Kendeng has consistently rejecting PT. Semen Indonesia, because it is cited, will have a destructive effect that has implications for the surrounding society. That capture is how tirto.id wants to build message through their writings. While from the social context elements, tirto.id has a holistic consideration compiling to raise the ecofeminism issue through the reporting of Kartini Kendeng. This report provides an opportunity for studies to open up the relationship between humans and the potential of environmental damage. tirto.id's consideration of preaching a special portion of the issue was able to take on the role of a bridge between reality inside and outside the text, giving rise to an inclusive perspective on women and the environment.

scholarly journals Capitalism with a Purpose: Can Business Ethics Fight Inequality?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1Sup1) ◽  
pp. 182-199
Author(s):  
Rosa Fioravante ◽  
Mara Del Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Current System ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Economic crises - such as the Great Recession of 2008 or the 2020 crisis triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic - have always represented an opportunity to address the relationship between macroeconomic variables and business and society’s reactions to them. Indeed, negative economic conjuncture, slump and stagnation, represent a challenge and may elicit the opportunity to rethink the role of business in tackling systemic global problems of the current system - such as persisting and raising inequalities and environmental unsustainability – by focusing on Business Ethics both as a theory and a practice. Accordingly, the present work aims at shedding light on the link between the systematic production of inequality within the current economic system and the opportunities for entrepreneurs and managers to significantly reduce it by engaging in business ethics practices. For this purpose, the theoretical framework proposed rests on a step “back” to the discussion of the relation between economic sphere and society, particularly when addressing the issue of value creation/extraction and a step “forward” in the discussion on the purpose of the enterprise and the social role of the entrepreneur. In doing so, three main issues will be addressed: VALUE CREATION - the role of the enterprise in value creation between capital and labour; RESPONSIBILITY - responsible vs irresponsible capitalism; SOCIAL ACTOR - the conception of the enterprise as a social rather than only and economic actor. Bridging perspectives coming from economics, business studies and economic sociology, this paper depicts a robust theoretical and conceptual framework to be used for further empirical research.

The Social Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasana T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social

The seventh chapter argues for the importance of the social context in continuing to influence whether social cognition is engaged or not, and describes a version of the delayed sudden death virus outbreak thought experiment without the death and virus components, set in modern society. This chapter then reviews classical social psychological studies that illustrate the power of the social context in shaping social cognition and resulting behaviour. It describes different types of social contexts, and explores the role of consistency motives in guiding human behaviour. Finally, it makes an appeal for a spectrum metaphor for social behavior, rather than alternative metaphors that categorise the phenomenon too narrowly.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Cognition in Predicting the Social Functioning in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Zahra Saffarian ◽  
Behrouz Doulatshahi ◽  
Abbas Pourshabaz ◽  
Najmeh Rasti Kerdar
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Research on the influence of team i-deals level on team innovation-from the perspective of collective thriving

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03087
Author(s):  
Weiwei Hu ◽  
Di Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Moderating Role

Based on the social cognition theory, this study explores how the median value of i-deals group influences team innovation through collective thriving, and the moderating role of chaxu climate in it. Through the empirical analysis of 367 questionnaires (70 supervisors’ questionnaires and 297 employees’ questionnaires) from 70 teams, it is proved that collective thriving has an mediating effect between team i-deals and team innovation, while chaxu climate positively regulates the positive impact of collective thriving on team innovation, that is, the higher the chaxu climate, the stronger the positive impact of collective thriving on team innovation.

scholarly journals Limits of the Local: Expanding Perspectives on Literacy as a Social Practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Brandt ◽  
Katie Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Methodological Bias

This essay reflects on how the social practice model of literacy, an approach that defines reading and writing as situated, social practices, under-theorizes certain aspects of literacy, making it hard to account fully for its workings in local contexts. We trace this theoretical blind spot to the ways that the social practice model was formulated as a challenge to the “Great Divide” or “autonomous” models of literacy. We suggest that in rejecting a conception of literacy as a deterministic force, the revisionists critique veers too far in a reactive direction. By exaggerating the power of local contexts to define the meaning and forms that literacy takes and by under-theorizing the potentials of the technology of literacy, methodological bias and conceptual impasses are created. To open new directions for literacy research we suggest more attention be paid to the material dimensions of literacy. Drawing on the work of Bruno LaTour (1993, 1996), we seek to theorize the transcontextualized and transcontextualizing potentials of literacy = particularly its ability to travel, integrate, and endure. Finally, we propose a set of analytical constructs that treat literacy not solely as an outcome or accomplishment of local practices, but also as a participant in them. By restoring a “thing status” to literacy, we can attend to the role of literacy in human action. The logic of such a perspective suggests that understanding what literacy is doing with people in a setting is as important as understanding what people are doing with literacy in a setting.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shaun Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Standard Theory ◽  
Basic Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social

I outline the motivation for thinking about the connections between action and interaction. I then provide a preview of the remaining chapters. The first part of this book focuses on the nature of action, starting with questions about action individuation, context, the notion of “basic action,” and the temporal structure of action. These topics lead to questions about intention and the sense of agency and ultimately to the idea that we need to consider action in the social contexts of interaction. The second part looks at the role of interaction in discussions of social cognition, building a contrast between standard theory of mind, and embodied and enactive accounts. In the third part I explore possible implications of these considerations for some critical social-political questions concerning autonomy, recognition, justice, and the effects of norms and social institutions on our actions and interactions.

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