scholarly journals Development of novel artificial intelligence systems to predict facial morphology after orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment in Japanese patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Tanikawa ◽  
Takashi Yamashiro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
System Error ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms

AbstractFrom a socio-psychological standpoint, improving the morphology of the facial soft-tissues is regarded as an important therapeutic goal in modern orthodontic treatment. Currently, many of the algorithms used in commercially available software programs that are said to provide the function of performing profile prediction are based on the false assumption that the amount of movement of hard-tissue and soft-tissue has a proportional relationship. The specification of the proportionality constant value depends on the operator, and there is little evidence to support the validity of the prediction result. Thus, the present study attempted to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems that predict the three-dimensional (3-D) facial morphology after orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment based on the results of previous treatment. This was a retrospective study in a secondary adult care setting. A total of 137 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery (n = 72) and orthodontic treatment with four premolar extraction (n = 65) were enrolled. Lateral cephalograms and 3-D facial images were obtained before and after treatment. We have developed two AI systems to predict facial morphology after orthognathic surgery (System S) and orthodontic treatment (System E) using landmark-based geometric morphometric methods together with deep learning methods; where cephalometric changes during treatment and the coordinate values of the faces before treatment were employed as predictive variables. Eleven-fold cross-validation showed that the average system errors were 0.94 mm and 0.69 mm for systems S and E, respectively. The total success rates, when success was defined by a system error of < 1 mm, were 54% and 98% for systems S and E, respectively. The total success rates when success was defined by a system error of < 2 mm were both 100%. AI systems to predict facial morphology after treatment were therefore confirmed to be clinically acceptable.

scholarly journals Combining Intraoral and Face Scans for the Design and Fabrication of Computer-Assisted Design/Computer-Assisted Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) Implant-Supported Bars for Maxillary Overdentures

Scanning ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mangano ◽  
Carlo Mangano ◽  
Bidzina Margiani ◽  
Oleg Admakin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Digital Impression ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Computer Assisted Design ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Passive Fit ◽  
Ether Ketone

Purpose. To present a digital method that combines intraoral and face scanning for the computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication of implant-supported bars for maxillary overdentures. Methods. Over a 2-year period, all patients presenting to a private dental clinic with a removable complete denture in the maxilla, seeking rehabilitation with implants, were considered for inclusion in this study. Inclusion criteria were fully edentulous maxilla, functional problems with the preexisting denture, opposing dentition, and sufficient bone volume to insert four implants. Exclusion criteria were age<55 years, need for bone augmentation, uncompensated diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised status, radio- and/or chemotherapy, and previous treatment with oral and/or intravenous aminobisphosphonates. All patients were rehabilitated with a maxillary overdenture supported by a CAD/CAM polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) implant-supported bar. The outcomes of the study were the passive fit/adaptation of the bar, the 1-year implant survival, and the success rates of the implant-supported overdentures. Results. 15 patients (6 males, 9 females; mean age 68.8±4.7 years) received 60 implants and were rehabilitated with a maxillary overdenture supported by a PEEK bar, designed and milled from an intraoral digital impression. The intraoral scans were integrated with face scans, in order to design each bar with all available patient data (soft tissues, prosthesis, implants, and face) in the correct spatial position. When testing the 3D-printed resin bar, 12 bars out of 15 (80%) had a perfect passive adaptation and fit; in contrast, 3 out of 15 (20%) did not have a sufficient passive fit or adaptation. No implants were lost, for a 1-year survival of 100% (60/60 surviving implants). However, some complications (two fixtures with peri-implantitis in the same patient and two repaired overdentures in two different patients) occurred. This determined a 1-year success rate of 80% for the implant-supported overdenture. Conclusions. In this study, the combination of intraoral and face scans allowed to successfully restore fully edentulous patients with maxillary overdentures supported by 4 implants and a CAD/CAM PEEK bar. Further studies are needed to confirm these outcomes.

Long-term evaluation of lower incisors gingival recessions after orthodontic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Pernet ◽  
Cristina Vento ◽  
Nikolaos Pandis ◽  
Stavros Kiliaridis
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Lower Incisors

Summary Aim The development of gingival recessions has been associated with orthodontic treatment; however, a clear etiology is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to further clarify potential association between the development of labial and lingual recessions and inclination of the lower incisors during orthodontic treatment, vertical facial morphology, width of the alveolar bone process, height and width of their symphysis after orthodontic treatment and at long-term retention. Methods On dental casts and good quality lateral cephalograms of 126 orthodontically treated patients, relevant measurements were performed and gingival recessions were assessed and recorded before, immediately after treatment and at long-term retention. Results Taking into account the whole sample at three different occasions, on the buccal side, the lateral incisors have significantly less recessions than the central incisor. On the lingual side, tooth 32 presented with lower risk of recession compared to all other three incisors. No association was found between the width of the alveolar bone process at the apex (Wapex), at the level of the crest (Wcrest) and at mid of the root (Wmid), the width (D), the vertical skeletal pattern (AnsPns-Go’Me) and the onset of buccal or lingual recessions. Development of new recessions was clearly associated with males and with increasing age. The symphysis height (Me-Wcrest) was statistically related with the onset of lingual recessions on 32 and 42. The ratio between the symphysis height and the width at the crest level demonstrated a statistically significant association with the presence of buccal and lingual recessions. Excessive proclination (≥10°) of the lower incisors demonstrated an association with the onset of recessions in 25 per cent of the cases. Conclusion Based on the sample of this study, there is some evidence that increased symphysis height (Me-Wcrest), and ratio between the symphysis height and the width at the crest level as well as big change of lower incisor inclination during treatment are associated with the development of recessions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Profile Attractiveness between Class III Orthodontic Camouflage and Predictive Tracing of Orthognathic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohamad Nagi Bou Wadi ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Daniel Salvatore Freitas ◽  
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽  
Renata Cristina Gobbi de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Subjective Analysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the profile attractiveness between orthodontic camouflage of the Class III malocclusion and the predictive tracing simulating orthognathic surgery evaluated by dentists and laypeople. Settings and sample population. The sample consisted of 21 patients (9 male; 12 female) with Class III malocclusion treated with orthodontic camouflage and Class III intermaxillary elastics. Material and Methods. The mean initial age of the patients was 24.38 years (SD 3.32), and the mean ANB angle was −1.91° (SD 0.83°). Patients presented skeletal Class III and normal growth patterns. Initial and final lateral cephalograms of each patient were used. The initial cephalogram was used to perform the treatment simulation of orthognathic surgery, and its silhouette was compared to the silhouette obtained from the final cephalogram after Class III orthodontic camouflage. A subjective analysis of profile attractiveness was performed by 47 laypeople and 60 dentists, with scores from 1 (less attractive) to 10 (most attractive). Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare profile attractiveness between the orthodontic treatment and the predictive tracing groups and between dentists and laypeople. Results. The predictive tracing of orthognathic surgery showed to be statistically significantly more attractive (mean score 4.57, SD 2.47) than that of the Class III camouflage orthodontic treatment (mean score 4.22, SD 2.40), with a mean numerical but significant difference of 0.35 (SD 2.01) (P<0.001). Laypeople were more critical than dentists in evaluating profile attractiveness, but numerical difference between the groups was also small. Conclusion. The profile silhouette of predictive tracing simulating orthognathic surgery showed to be more attractive than that of Class III camouflage orthodontic treatment; however, differences were small but statistically significant. Laypeople showed to be more critical than dentists.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Landmark Identification in Serial Lateral Cephalograms of Class III Patients Who Underwent Two-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihee Hong ◽  
Inhwan Kim ◽  
Jin-Hyoung Cho ◽  
Kyung-Hwa Kang ◽  
Minji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Landmark Identification ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fixed Retainers

Abstract To compare the accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted landmark identification in serial lateral cephalograms of Class III patients who underwent two-jaw orthognathic surgery using a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. 3,188 lateral cephalograms of Class III patients were allocated into the training and validation sets (3,004 cephalograms of 751 patients) and test set (184 cephalograms of 46 patients; subdivided into the genioplasty and non-genioplasty groups, n=23 per group)]. Each patient in the test set had four cephalograms: initial (T0), pre-surgery [T1, presence of orthodontic brackets (OBs)], post-surgery [T2, presence of OBs and surgical plates and screws (S-PS)], and debonding [T3, presence of S-PS and fixed retainers (FR)]. Statistical analysis was performed using mean errors of 20 landmarks between human gold standard and the CNN model. The total mean error was 1.17 mm without significant difference among four time-points. Before and after surgery, ANS, A point, and B point showed an increased error, while Mx6D and Md6D showed a decreased error. No difference in errors existed at B point, Pogonion, Menton, Md1C, and Md1R between the genioplasty and non-genioplasty groups. The CNN model can be used for landmark identification in serial cephalograms despite presence of OB, S-PS, FR, genioplasty, and bone remodeling.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence: Applications in orthognathic surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bouletreau ◽  
M. Makaremi ◽  
B. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Louvrier ◽  
N. Sigaux
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery

scholarly journals Morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone due to retraction of anterior teeth: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Sun ◽  
Wenhsuan Lu ◽  
Yunfan Zhang ◽  
Liying Peng ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Labial Side ◽  
Incisor Retraction ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Abstract Backgroud To analyze the morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases and the relationship between incisor retraction and remodeling of the alveolar base represented by points A and B displacements. Methods Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 308 subjects in the maxilla and 154 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured. Then the correlation between incisor movement and the displacements of points A and B was analyzed. Results The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.001) except the labial side of the mandible (P > 0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was verified between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B in both horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to significant position changes of points A and B. The decrease of anterior alveolar bone due to significant incisor retraction should be taken into account in treatment planning.

Changes in the Complexity of Orthodontic Treatment for Patients Referred to a Teaching Hospital

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Stephens ◽  
N. W. Harradine
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Specialist Treatment ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Removable Appliance

The records of 200 orthodontic patients accepted for treatment by the Orthodontic Department of the Bristol Dental Hospital in 1977 were compared with 200 taken on in 1985 in order to determine whether there had been any change in the proportion of referred cases requiring more complex procedures. Within each sample, cases were categorized as follows: (a) suitable for removable appliance treatment by an undergraduate or general practitioner; (b) requiring simple one arch fixed appliance treatment such as might he attempted by a general practitioner after a period of further training; (c) needing specialist treatment such as full multibracketed fixed appliances or orthognathic surgery. It was found that there had been no change in the proportions of simple and complex cases referred during the 8-year period although the proportion of patients now receiving complex treatment had increased greatly. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.

Measurement of cortical plate volume based on CBCT of frontal teeth in studies with retrusion and normality

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
N. G. Meskhiya ◽  
I. S. Kopetskiy ◽  
I. A. Nikolskaya ◽  
D. A. Eremin ◽  
O. N. Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Bone Structures

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is the preferred imaging method for a comprehensive orthodontic examination. Thanks to the development of this technique, clinicians today can make most accurate measurements without fear of errors associated with projection distortion or localization of landmarks on radiographs. The quality of CBCT images gives to orthodontists the ability to analyze bone structures, teeth (even impacted teeth), and soft tissue in three dimensions. The accuracy of measurements of hard and soft tissues from CBCT images determines the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment planning. A fundamentally new approach has been proposed, which makes it possible to thoroughly study the bone tissue surrounding the tooth at the stages of planning orthodontic treatment. Аnalysis of radiation studies of patients with dentoalveolar anomalies was carried out to select the optimal treatment tactics and to control its effectiveness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document