scholarly journals Tightly linked Rps12 and Rps13 genes provide broad-spectrum Phytophthora resistance in soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak K. Sahoo ◽  
Anindya Das ◽  
Xiaoqiu Huang ◽  
Silvia Cianzio ◽  
Madan K. Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Phytophthora Resistance ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Serious Disease

AbstractThe Phytophtora root and stem rot is a serious disease in soybean. It is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae. Growing Phytophthora resistant cultivars is the major method of controlling this disease. Resistance is race- or gene-specific; a single gene confers immunity against only a subset of the P. sojae isolates. Unfortunately, rapid evolution of new Phytophthora sojae virulent pathotypes limits the effectiveness of an Rps (“resistance to Phytophthora sojae”) gene to 8–15 years. The current study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of Rps12 against a set of P. sojae isolates using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that contain recombination break points in the Rps12 region. Our study revealed a unique Rps gene linked to the Rps12 locus. We named this novel gene as Rps13 that confers resistance against P. sojae isolate V13, which is virulent to recombinants that contains Rps12 but lack Rps13. The genetic distance between the two Rps genes is 4 cM. Our study revealed that two tightly linked functional Rps genes with distinct race-specificity provide broad-spectrum resistance in soybean. We report here the molecular markers for incorporating the broad-spectrum Phytophthora resistance conferred by the two Rps genes in commercial soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals Different Domains of Phytophthora sojae Effector Avr4/6 Are Recognized by Soybean Resistance Genes Rps4 and Rps6

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daolong Dou ◽  
Shiv D. Kale ◽  
Tingli Liu ◽  
Qinghua Tang ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Avirulence Genes ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Soybean Leaves

At least 12 avirulence genes have been genetically identified and mapped in Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen causing root and stem rot of soybean. Previously, the Avr4 and Avr6 genes of P. sojae were genetically mapped within a 24 kb interval of the genome. Here, we identify Avr4 and Avr6 and show that they are actually a single gene, Avr4/6, located near the 24-kb region. Avr4/6 encodes a secreted protein of 123 amino acids with an RXLR-dEER protein translocation motif. Transient expression of Avr4/6 in soybean leaves revealed that its gene product could trigger a hypersensitive response (HR) in the presence of either Rps4 or Rps6. Silencing Avr4/6 in P. sojae stable transformants abolished the avirulence phenotype exhibited on both Rps4 and Rps6 soybean cultivars. The N terminus of Avr4/6, including the dEER motif, is sufficient to trigger Rps4-dependent HR while its C terminus is sufficient to trigger Rps6-mediated HR. Compared with alleles from avirulent races, alleles of Avr4/6 from virulent races possess nucleotide substitutions in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene but not in the protein-coding region.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Soybean Plant Introductions with Resistance to Phytophthora sojae

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Gordon ◽  
S. A. Berry ◽  
S. K. St. Martin ◽  
A. E. Dorrance
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Rps Gene ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
The Individual

Phytophthora sojae, which causes Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean, is a serious disease worldwide and is managed primarily by deploying cultivars with resistance. Thirty-two soybean plant introductions (PIs), all but three of which were from South Korea, were proposed as new sources of single-gene resistance to P. sojae. The objective of this study was to characterize the inheritance of resistance to P. sojae in these PIs. Twenty-two soybean populations from crosses of these PIs and the susceptible cv. Williams were inoculated with P. sojae OH17 (vir 1b, 1d, 2, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4, 5, 6, 7), and OH25 (vir 1a, 1b, 1c, 1k, 7). These isolates were selected because they are virulent on soybeans with all known Rps genes and many Rps gene combinations. Thirteen of the twenty-two populations had consistent segregation responses following inoculations between the two generations. In two PIs, resistance was conferred by two genes to OH17 and three genes to OH25. Resistance to both isolates was conferred by a single gene in PI 398440 although the individual families were not resistant to the same isolates. The data suggest that six of the populations have three-Rps gene combinations as previously proposed, while another four may have either a novel Rps gene or a four-Rps gene combination. Based on this phenotypic analysis, novel and uncharacterized Rps genes may be present in this material. More importantly, these PIs may serve as sources of novel Rps genes that can be used to more effectively manage Phytophthora root and stem rot.

scholarly journals Fine mapping of a Phytophthora -resistance locus RpsGZ in soybean using genotyping-by-sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingzhi Jiang ◽  
Yanbo Cheng ◽  
Zhandong Cai ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Ze Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Resistance

Abstract Background: Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by Phytophthora sojae ( P. sojae ), is one of the most serious limitation to soybean-production in the world. Identification of resistant gene(s) and incorporating them into elite varieties are an effective way for breeding to prevent soybean from being harmed by this disease. A valuable mapping population of 228 F 8:11 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of resistant cultivar Guizao1 and susceptible cultivar BRSMG68 and a high-density genetic linkage map with an average distance of 0.81 centimorgan (cM) between adjacent bin markers in this population were used to map and explore the candidate gene(s).Results: In this study, the PRR resistance in Guizao1 was controlled by a single Mendelian locus, and was fine mapped to a 367.371-kb genomic region on chromosome 3 that harbours 19 genes, including 7 disease resistance (R)-like genes in the reference Willliams 82 genome. Quantitative real-time PCR assays of possible candidate genes revealed that Glyma.03g05300 was likely involved in PRR resistance.Conclusions: These findings of fine mapping of a novel Rps locus will serve as a basis for cloning, transferring of resistant genes and breeding of P. sojae resistant soybean cultivars through marker-assisted selection.

Identification of three closely linked loci conferring broad-spectrum Phytophthora sojae resistance in soybean variety Tosan-231

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Matsuoka ◽  
Mami Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuya Yamada ◽  
Yuhi Kono ◽  
Naohiro Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Soybean Variety

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping and Molecular Characterization of a Broad-spectrum Phytophthora sojae Resistance Gene in Chinese Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zhong ◽  
Yinping Li ◽  
Suli Sun ◽  
Canxing Duan ◽  
Zhendong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Lrr Domain

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) causes serious annual soybean yield losses worldwide. The most effective method to prevent PRR involves growing cultivars that possess genes conferring resistance to Phytophthora sojae (Rps). In this study, QTL-sequencing combined with genetic mapping was used to identify RpsX in soybean cultivar Xiu94-11 resistance to all P. sojae isolates tested, exhibiting broad-spectrum PRR resistance. Subsequent analysis revealed RpsX was located in the 242-kb genomic region spanning the RpsQ locus. However, a phylogenetic investigation indicated Xiu94-11 carrying RpsX is distantly related to the cultivars containing RpsQ, implying RpsX and RpsQ have different origins. An examination of candidate genes revealed RpsX and RpsQ share common nonsynonymous SNP and a 144-bp insertion in the Glyma.03g027200 sequence encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) region. Glyma.03g027200 was considered to be the likely candidate gene of RpsQ and RpsX. Sequence analyses confirmed that the 144-bp insertion caused by an unequal exchange resulted in two additional LRR-encoding fragments in the candidate gene. A marker developed based on the 144-bp insertion was used to analyze the genetic population and germplasm, and proved to be useful for identifying the RpsX and RpsQ alleles. This study implies that the number of LRR units in the LRR domain may be important for PRR resistance in soybean.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Moses J. Kiryowa ◽  
Aston Ebinu ◽  
Vincent Kyaligonza ◽  
Stanley T. Nkalubo ◽  
Pamela Paparu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Bean Anthracnose ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a highly variable pathogen of common beans that easily overcomes resistance in cultivars bred with single-gene resistance. To determine pathogenic variability of the pathogen in Uganda, samples of common bean tissues with anthracnose symptoms were collected in eight districts of Uganda, namely Kabarole, Sironko, Mbale, Oyam, Lira, Kapchorwa, Maracha and Kisoro. 51 isolates sporulated successfully on Potato Dextrose Agar and Mathur’s media and were used to inoculate 12 differential cultivars under controlled conditions. Five plants per cultivar were inoculated with each isolate and then evaluated for their reaction using the 1 – 9 severity scale. Races were classified using the binary nomenclature system proposed by Pastor Corrales (1991). Variation due to cultivar and isolate effects was significant (P≤0.001) for severity. The 51 isolates from eight districts grouped into 27 different races. Sironko district had the highest number of races followed by Mbale and Kabarole. Races 2047 and 4095 were the most frequently found, each with 10 isolates grouped under them. Race 4095 was the most virulent since it caused a susceptible (S) reaction on all 12 differential cultivars and the susceptible check. This was followed by races 2479, 2047 and 2045 respectively. Two races, 4094 and 2479, caused a susceptible reaction on the differential cultivar G2333, which nevertheless, showed the most broad spectrum resistance followed by cultivars Cornell 49-242, TU, and AB136 respectively. These cultivars are recommended for use in breeding programs aiming at breeding for broad spectrum resistance to bean anthracnose in Uganda.

scholarly journals Molecular Mapping of the Stb4 Gene for Resistance to Septoria tritici Blotch in Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika B. Adhikari ◽  
Jessica R. Cavaletto ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Jorge Omar Gieco ◽  
Ana Rosa Schlatter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Field Season

Breeding wheat for resistance is the most effective means to control Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). At least eight genes that confer resistance to STB in wheat have been identified. Among them, the Stb4 locus from the wheat cv. Tadinia showed resistance to M. graminicola at both seedling and adult-plant stages. However, no attempt has been made to map the Stb4 locus in the wheat genome. A mapping population of 77 F10 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) derived from a three-way cross between the resistant cv. Tadinia and the susceptible parent (Yecora Rojo × UC554) was evaluated for disease resistance and molecular mapping. The RILs were tested with Argentina isolate I 89 of M. graminicola for one greenhouse season in Brazil during 1999, with an isolate from Brazil (IPBr1) for one field season in Piracicaba (Brazil) during 2000, and with Indiana tester isolate IN95-Lafayette-1196-WW-1-4 in the greenhouse during 2000 and 2001. The ratio of resistant:susceptible RILs was 1:1 in all three tests, confirming the single-gene model for control of resistance to STB in Tadinia. However, the patterns of resistance and susceptibility were different between the Indiana isolate and those from South America. For example, the ratio of RILs resistant to both the Indiana and Argentina isolates, resistant to one but susceptible to the other, and susceptible to both isolates was approximately 1:1:1:1, indicating that Tadinia may contain at least two genes for resistance to STB. A similar pattern was observed between the Indiana and Brazil isolates. The gene identified with the Indiana tester isolate was assumed to be the same as Stb4, whereas that revealed by the South American isolates may be new. Bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite markers linked to the presumed Stb4 gene. The AFLP marker EcoRI-ACTG/MseI-CAAA5 and microsatellite Xgwm111 were closely linked to the Stb4 locus in coupling at distances of 2.1 and 0.7 centimorgans (cM), respectively. A flanking marker, AFLP EAGG/ M-CAT10, was 4 cM from Stb4. The Stb4 gene was in a potential supercluster of resistance genes near the centromere on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7D that also contained Stb5 plus five previously identified genes for resistance to Russian wheat aphid. The microsatellite marker Xgwm111 identified in this study may be useful for facilitating the transfer of Stb4 into improved cultivars of wheat.

scholarly journals Fine Mapping of a New Race-Specific Blast Resistance Gene, Pi-hk2, in Japonica Heikezijing from Taihu Region of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanwan He ◽  
Nengyan Fang ◽  
Ruisen Wang ◽  
Yunyu Wu ◽  
Guoying Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Heikezijing, a japonica rice landrace from the Taihu region of China, exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to more than 300 isolates of the blast pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae). In our previous research, we fine mapped a broad-spectrum resistance gene, Pi-hk1, in chromosome 11. In this research, 2010-9(G1), one of the predominant races of blast in the Taihu Lake region of China, was inoculated into 162 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) and two parents, Heikezijing and Suyunuo, for mapping the resistance-blast quantitative trait loci (QTL). Three QTL (Lsqtl4-1, Lsqtl9-1, and Lsqtl11-1) associated with lesion scores were detected on chromosomes 4, 9, and 11 and two QTL (Lnqtl1-1 and Lnqtl9-1) associated with average lesion numbers were detected on chromosomes 1 and 9. The QTL Lsqtl9-1 conferring race-specific resistance to 2010-9(G1) at seedling stages showed logarithm of the odds scores of 9.10 and phenotypic variance of 46.19% and might be a major QTL, named Pi-hk2. The line RIL84 with Pi-hk2 derived from a cross between Heikezijing and Suyunuo was selected as Pi-hk2 gene donor for developing fine mapping populations. According to the resistance evaluation of recombinants of three generations (BC1F2, BC1F3, and BC1F4), Pi-hk2 was finally mapped to a 143-kb region between ILP-19 and RM24048, and 18 candidate genes were predicted, including genes that encode pleiotropic drug resistance protein 4 (n = 2), WRKY74 (n = 1), cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid-binding domain containing protein (n = 1), protein kinase (n = 1), and ankyrin repeat family protein (n = 1). These results provide essential information for cloning of Pi-hk2 and its potential utility in breeding resistant rice cultivars by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Gene-level quantitative trait mapping in an expandedC. elegansmultiparent experimental evolution panel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke M. Noble ◽  
Matthew V. Rockman ◽  
Henrique Teotónio
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Ancestral Population ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Quantitative Trait Mapping ◽  
Trait Variance ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Evolution Experiment

ABSTRACTTheCaenorhabditis elegansmultiparental experimental evolution (CeMEE) panel is a collection of genome-sequenced, cryopreserved recombinant inbred lines useful for mapping the genetic basis and evolution of quantitative traits. We have expanded the resource with new lines and new populations, and here report updated additive and epistatic mapping simulations and the genetic and haplotypic composition of CeMEE version 2. Additive QTL explaining 3% of trait variance are detected with >80% power, and the median detection interval is around the length of a single gene on the highly recombinant chromosome arms. Although CeMEE populations are derived from a long-term evolution experiment, genetic structure is dominated by variation present in the ancestral population and is not obviously associated with phenotypic differentiation.C. elegansprovides exceptional experimental advantages for the study of phenotypic evolution.

scholarly journals Molecular assessment of pathotype diversity of Phytophthora sojae in Canada highlights declining sources of resistance in soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Tremblay ◽  
Debra L McLaren ◽  
Yong Min Kim ◽  
Stephen Strelkov ◽  
Robert Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Molecular Assay ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Molecular Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
Specific Expertise

The large-scale deployment of Rps (resistance to Phytophthora sojae) genes in soybean has led to the rapid evolution of the virulence profile (pathotype) of P. sojae populations. Determining the pathotypes of P. sojae isolates is important in selecting soybean germplasm carrying the proper Rps, but this process is fastidious and requires specific expertise. In this work, we used a recently developed molecular assay to assess the pathotypes of P. sojae isolates obtained throughout the provinces of Québec, Ontario and Manitoba. In preliminary assays, the molecular tool showed equivalent prediction of the pathotypes as a phenotyping assay and proved to be much faster to apply while eliminating intermediate values. Following the analysis of nearly 300 isolates, 24 different pathotypes were detected in Québec and Ontario, compared to only eight in Manitoba, where soybean culture is more recent. Pathotype 1a, 1c, 1d was predominant in Québec, while 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1k was the most common in Manitoba. Overall, the results showed that 98 and 86% of the isolates carried pathotype 1a or 1c, respectively, suggesting that Rps1a and Rps1c were no longer effective in Canada. Based on the history of soybean varieties used in surveyed fields, it was found that 84% of them contained Rps genes that were no longer resistant against the pathotypes of the isolates found in the fields. While highlighting an easier and more precise option to assess pathotypes, this study presents the first pan-Canadian survey of P. sojae and stresses the importance of carefully managing the declining sources of resistance.

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