First results of undersea muography with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector

AbstractTidal measurements are of great significance since they may provide us with essential data to apply towards protection of coastal communities and sea traffic. Currently, tide gauge stations and laser altimetry are commonly used for these measurements. On the other hand, muography sensors can be located underneath the seafloor inside an undersea tunnel where electric and telecommunication infrastructures are more readily available. In this work, the world’s first under-seafloor particle detector array called the Tokyo-bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) was deployed underneath the Tokyo-Bay seafloor for conducting submarine muography. The resultant 80-day consecutive time-sequential muographic data were converted to the tidal levels based on the parameters determined from the first-day astronomical tide height (ATH) data. The standard deviation between ATH and muographic results for the rest of a 79-day measurement period was 12.85 cm. We anticipate that if the length of the TS-HKMSDD is extended from 100 m to a full-scale as large as 9.6 km to provide continuous tidal information along the tunnel, this muography application will become an established standard, demonstrating its effectiveness as practical tide monitor for this heavy traffic waterway in Tokyo and in other important sea traffic areas worldwide.

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First Results of Undersea Muography with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector MAGMA-HKMSDD Collaboration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-541987/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki K.M. Tanaka ◽

Cristiano Bozza ◽

Rosa Coniglione ◽

Jon Gluyas ◽

Sara Steigerwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

The Other ◽

Sea Surface ◽

Tokyo Bay ◽

Particle Detector ◽

Gauge Station ◽

First Results

Abstract Tidal measurements are of great significance since they may provide us with essential data to apply towards protection of coastal communities and sea traffic. Currently, the tide gauge stations, satellite-based, pressure-based and ultrasonic-based techniques are commonly used. However, with these techniques, sensors have to be either floated on the sea surface or sunk onto the seafloor. The former option makes it difficult to conduct the tide measurements in high traffic maritime sea channels, and the latter option requires the construction of undersea electric and telecommunication infrastructures to support real time monitoring. On the other hand, with muography, sensors can be located underneath the seafloor inside, for example, an undersea tunnel where the electric and telecommunication infrastructures are more readily available. In this work, the world’s first under-seafloor particle detector array called the Tokyo-bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) was deployed underneath the Tokyo-Bay seafloor for conducting submarine muography. Time-sequential muographic data were converted to the tidal levels above the detector and compared with the data acquired from the nearby tide gauge station. The results were consistent, indicating that submarine muography could be an alternative tool for tide measurements. We anticipate that if the length of the TS-HKMSDD is extended from 100 m to a full-scale as large as 9.6 km to provide continuous tidal information along the tunnel, muography will become an established standard, demonstrating its effectiveness as practical tide monitor for this heavy traffic waterway in Tokyo and in other important sea traffic areas worldwide.

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Radiational tides: their double-counting in storm surge forecasts and contribution to the Highest Astronomical Tide

Ocean Science ◽

10.5194/os-14-1057-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1057-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joanne Williams ◽

Maialen Irazoqui Apecechea ◽

Andrew Saulter ◽

Kevin J. Horsburgh

Keyword(s):

Tide Gauge ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Double Counting ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Astronomical Tide ◽

Operational Forecasts ◽

The Difference ◽

The Uk ◽

Total Water Level

Abstract. Tide predictions based on tide-gauge observations are not just the astronomical tides; they also contain radiational tides – periodic sea-level changes due to atmospheric conditions and solar forcing. This poses a problem of double-counting for operational forecasts of total water level during storm surges. In some surge forecasting, a regional model is run in two modes: tide only, with astronomic forcing alone; and tide and surge, forced additionally by surface winds and pressure. The surge residual is defined to be the difference between these configurations and is added to the local harmonic predictions from gauges. Here we use the Global Tide and Surge Model (GTSM) based on Delft-FM to investigate this in the UK and elsewhere, quantifying the weather-related tides that may be double-counted in operational forecasts. We show that the global S2 atmospheric tide is captured by the tide-and-surge model and observe changes in other major constituents, including M2. The Lowest and Highest Astronomical Tide levels, used in navigation datums and design heights, are derived from tide predictions based on observations. We use our findings on radiational tides to quantify the extent to which these levels may contain weather-related components.

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Geodetic SAR for Height System Unification and Sea Level Research—Observation Concept and Preliminary Results in the Baltic Sea

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12223747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 3747

Author(s):

Thomas Gruber ◽

Jonas Ågren ◽

Detlef Angermann ◽

Artu Ellmann ◽

Andreas Engfeldt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Sea Level ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Early Results ◽

Height System ◽

First Results ◽

The Baltic ◽

Sea Area ◽

The Impact

Traditionally, sea level is observed at tide gauge stations, which usually also serve as height reference stations for national leveling networks and therefore define a height system of a country. One of the main deficiencies to use tide gauge data for geodetic sea level research and height systems unification is that only a few stations are connected to the geometric network of a country by operating permanent GNSS receivers next to the tide gauge. As a new observation technique, absolute positioning by SAR using active transponders on ground can fill this gap by systematically observing time series of geometric heights at tide gauge stations. By additionally knowing the tide gauge geoid heights in a global height reference frame, one can finally obtain absolute sea level heights at each tide gauge. With this information the impact of climate change on the sea level can be quantified in an absolute manner and height systems can be connected across the oceans. First results from applying this technique at selected tide gauges at the Baltic coasts are promising but also exhibit some problems related to the new technique. The paper presents the concept of using the new observation type in an integrated sea level observing system and provides some early results for SAR positioning in the Baltic sea area.

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Refurbishment of orthotropic steel bridge decks by bolted solutions

IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis ◽

10.2749/newyork.2019.1111 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ulrike Kuhlmann ◽

Simon Bove

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Bridge Decks ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

Fatigue Tests ◽

Steel Bridge ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Longitudinal Stiffeners ◽

Mechanical Fasteners ◽

First Results ◽

The 1960S

An increasing number of steel road bridges in Germany, but also in Europe and North America, show severe fatigue damages induced by the increase in heavy traffic loads. In addition, these road bridges from the 1960s to the 1980s were executed with fatigue-critical details, which are no longer state of the art today. Longitudi- nal stiffeners of orthotropic steel bridge decks, fitted between the cross girders are an example. Due to the particular importance of these bridges, e.g. crossing the Rhine, for the regional infrastructure network, the refurbishment has to be realized under consideration of the running traffic. Thus, refurbishment solutions are needed that are robust and durable with the least possible intervention in the current traffic. Bolted bearing- type shear connections are particularly suitable in this context, as they can usually be classified in higher fa- tigue detail categories than welds. However, for longitudinal stiffeners with a closed cross section such as a Y- shape or a trough shape normal bolting is not applicable. Therefore, the development of a refurbishment solution using mechanical fasteners and considering the only one-sided accessibility of stiffeners with a closed section by the use of blind rivets was the focus of two German research projects [1], [2]. In this paper, this innovative refurbishment solution by means of mechanical fasteners including blind rivets is presented. Fa- tigue tests on large-scale components consisting of longitudinal stiffeners butted up to a cross girder web with and without repair measure as well as small size fatigue tests on blind rivets were realized. First results of the currently still ongoing research [1] are presented.

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Author Correction: First results of undersea muography with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01979-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka ◽

Masaatsu Aichi ◽

Cristiano Bozza ◽

Rosa Coniglione ◽

Jon Gluyas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tokyo Bay ◽

First Results

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NUMERICAL PREDICTION ON TYPHOON TIDE IN TOKYO BAY

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v9.43 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Takeshi Ito ◽

Mikio Hino ◽

Jiro Wantanbe ◽

Kazuko Hino

Keyword(s):

Numerical Calculation ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Difference Equations ◽

Equations Of Motion ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Tokyo Bay ◽

Astronomical Tide ◽

Finite Difference Equations ◽

Mathematical Problems ◽

Stable Forms

The paper discusses firstly mathematical problems on the numerical calculation of storm surges. The partial differential equations of motion adopted here take into account the Coriolis force and the nonlinear terms such as the inertial terms and a quadratic form of bottom friction. As a result, special care must be taken in order to obtain stable forms of finite-difference equations. It is shown that inadequate forms accumulate errors to cause divergence of the step by step calculations. A set of stable forms of the finite-difference equations of motion and continuity has been derived. Sometimes, it is convenient to divide the numerical integration region into two or more sub-regions, the mesh-dimensions of which are not equal. A method is described to calculate both regions by one procedure. Japan coasts were frequently damaged by severe storm surges (Typhoon Tides). To protect the metropolitan area from storm surges, a proposal has been made to construct a dike across Tokyo Bay. A numerical calculation has been made by means of IBM 7090 to estimate for several opening width of the proposed dike its effects on the reduction of surges. Interactions between daily tides (astronomical tide) and surges are also discussed.

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Status of IGS repro3 activities at GFZ

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7980 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Männel ◽

Andre Brandt ◽

Markus Bradke ◽

Andreas Brack ◽

Pierre Sakic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tide Gauge ◽

Special Focus ◽

Large Network ◽

International Gnss Service ◽

Scale Free ◽

Earth Rotation Parameters ◽

Receiving Antenna ◽

First Results ◽

Consistent Solution ◽

Analysis Center

Based on a large network of continuously operated GNSS tracking stations, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has a valuable contribution to the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System. In order to provide the highest accurate and consistent solution, the IGS refined the strategy and the set of associated models for the ongoing third reprocessing campaign. Beyond updated background models, a major improvement is the combined reprocessing of three GNSS, namely GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. Furthermore, signal-specific receiving antenna calibrations for Galileo and scale-free transmission phase center positions are applied. These modifications will allow exciting new investigations based on the delivered products. Hosting an IGS Analysis Center and an Analysis Center of the IGS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring Project (TIGA), GFZ will contribute with two solutions to the IGS reprocessing efforts.In this contribution, we will present the first outcomes of the ongoing preparations and preliminary results of the GFZ reprocessing activities. In the first part, we will present selected results of dedicated tests with a special focus on correction models and parametrization options. Secondly, we will present the initial results of the AC solution as a basis to discuss also further applications of the derived products (e.g., orbits, Earth rotation parameters). Finally, the first results of our TIGA-related reprocessing will be presented which are based on the previously discussed orbits and satellite clocks.

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Periodic Sea-Level Oscillation in Tokyo Bay Detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1069909/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka ◽

Masaatsu Aichi ◽

Szabolcs József Balogh ◽

Cristiano Bozza ◽

Rosa Coniglione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tide Gauge ◽

Periodic Oscillation ◽

Oscillation Period ◽

Tokyo Bay ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Level Oscillation ◽

Tide Gauge Measurements ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Temporal And Spatial Characteristics

Abstract Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 that passed through the region 400 km south of the bay. The measured oscillation period and decay time were respectively 3 hours and 10 hours. These measurements were found to be consistent with previous tide gauge measurements. Meteotsunamis are known to take place in bays and lakes, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteotsunamis are similar to seismic tsunamis. However, their generation and propagation mechanisms are not well understood. The current result indicates that a combination of muography and trans-bay or trans-lake underwater tunnels will offer an additional tool to measure meteotsunamis at locations where tide gauges are unavailable.

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Storm surge forecasting: quantifying errors arising from the double-counting of radiational tides

10.5194/os-2018-63 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanne Williams ◽

Maialen Irazoqui Apecechea ◽

Andrew Saulter ◽

Kevin J. Horsburgh

Keyword(s):

Tide Gauge ◽

Storm Surges ◽

Double Counting ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Sea Level Changes ◽

Astronomical Tide ◽

Operational Forecasts ◽

The Difference ◽

The Uk ◽

Total Water Level

Abstract. Tide predictions based on tide-gauge observations are not just the astronomical tides, they also contain radiational tides – periodic sea level changes due to atmospheric conditions and solar forcing. This poses a problem of double-counting for operational forecasts of total water level during storm surges. In some surge forecasting, a regional model is run as tide-only, with astronomic forcing alone; and tide-and-surge, forced additionally by surface winds and pressure. The surge residual is defined to be the difference between these configurations and is added to the local harmonic predictions from gauges. Here we use the Global Tide and Surge Model based on Delft-FM to investigate this in the UK and elsewhere, quantifying the weather-related tides that may be double-counted in operational forecasts. We show that the global S2 atmospheric tide is captured by the tide-surge model, and observe changes in other key constituents, including M2. We also quantify the extent to which the Highest Astronomical Tide, which is derived from tide predictions based on observations, may contain weather-related components.

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Deriving offshore tidal datums using satellite altimetry around Malaysian seas

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/880/1/012011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 880 (1) ◽

pp. 012011

Author(s):

M H Hamden ◽

A H M Din ◽

D D Wijaya ◽

M F Pa’suya

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Satellite Altimetry ◽

Spline Interpolation ◽

Tide Gauge ◽

Precise Orbit Determination ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Tidal Range ◽

Kriging Interpolation ◽

Tide Gauges ◽

Astronomical Tide

Abstract Tidal datums are important for calculating spatial coordinates especially the elevation relative to mean sea level and also crucial for defining the state sovereignty boundaries over maritime areas. Normally, sea level was measured by tide gauges along the coastal for tidal datums computation. However, knowledge of tides is still restricted in coastal areas. Furthermore, tidal range at offshore was simply assumed to be similar as coastal due to the difficulties installing offshore tide gauges. The launching of satellite altimeter technologies with precise orbit determination since 1993 had provided significant accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) measurements. The observed SSH from satellite altimetry can be offered as tide gauge measurements at each location globally. This study aims to derive offshore tidal datums using satellite altimetry around Malaysian seas. SSH time series from TOPEX, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Geosat Follow On (GFO) were analysed using harmonic analysis approach to estimate harmonic constants. A minimum of 19 years tidal predictions were then performed using UTide software to determine Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) and Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT). These tidal datums were interpolated into regular 0.125° grids and were assessed with ten selected coastal tide gauges. The findings showed the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of spline interpolation yielded better accuracy, 25.5 cm (LATMSL) and 17.4 cm (HATMSL) as compared to the RMSE of Kriging interpolation, 31.8 cm (LATMSL) and 33.8 cm (HATMSL). In conclusion, deriving offshore tidal datums can serve as input data to unify marine database with coastal areas and also can support many marine applications.

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