scholarly journals A comparative shape analysis of the cervical spine between individuals with cervicogenic headaches and asymptomatic controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Masharawi ◽  
Aumayma Murad Mansour ◽  
Natan Peled ◽  
Asaf Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Cervicogenic Headaches ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
And Control

AbstractAs some researchers theorized that cervicogenic headache (CEH) might be related to bony and discal features of the cervical spine, this retrospective study examined the shapes of the cervical vertebrae and intervertebral discs (IVDs) of individuals with CEH and compared them to asymptomatic controls. Scans of 40 subjects in their late 20’s–mid 30’s affected with CEH and 40 asymptomatic controls were obtained (overall = 19,040 measurements, age-sex matched, 20 males and 20 females in each group). The following cervical spine variables were measured: Supine lordosis, vertebral body-heights, A-P lengths, mediolateral widths and sagittal-wedging; IVDs heights and sagittal-wedging; pedicle heights, widths and transverse angles; laminar widths and transverse angles; articular facet angles, spinal canal, and transverse foramen lengths, widths, and areas. Both groups had similar shape variation along the cervical in all the measured parameters. There were no significant left–right differences in all measured parameters and no significant differences between the CEH and control groups concerning sex and age. Cervical IVDs were lordotic in shape, whereas their adjacent vertebral bodies were kyphotic in shape except for C2. In conclusion, the shape of the cervical spine and IVDs in subjects in their late 20’s–mid 30’s affected with CEH is identical to asymptomatic controls.

scholarly journals LOCATIONS AND LENGTHS OF OSTEOPHYTES IN THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. LOCALIZACIONES Y LONGITUD DE LOS OSTEOFITOS EN LAS VÉRTEBRAS CERVICALES

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharin Chanapa ◽  
Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Arm Pain ◽  
Articular Facet ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Lateral Area

Muchos pacientes sufren de disfagia, vértigo, dolor en el brazo, entumecimiento o debilidad. Estos problemas pueden ser debidos a la aparición de osteofitos en las vértebras cervicales. El propósito de esta investigación ha sido estudiar las localizaciones y tamaño de los osteofitos en las vértebras cervicales. Se han usado 200 columnas cervicales (139 varones y 61 mujeres) de vértebras secas C3-C7, de un promedio de edad de 71 años (36-98 años). Se han encontrado osteofitos en 184 columnas (92 %), la mayoría en C5, C6, C4, C7 y C3 (83, 77, 74, 65 y 64%, respectivamente). La media del tamaño de los osteofitos en C3 (4.44 ±1.31 mm) ha sido mayor que los de C4-C7. La mayor cantidad de osteofitos se encontraron en los cuerpos vertebrales, carilla articular y foramen transverso (49,35 y 16%) respectivamente. La mayor longitud de los osteofitos en el cuerpo de las vértebras se encontraron en la vértebra fue 4.28 ±1.65 mmen C6, en la cara articular fue 5.07 ±1.57 mmen  C5 y en el transverso foramen fue  2.49 ±1.57 mmen C6. La longitud de los osteofitos del lado anterior superior y de la cara inferior del cuerpo ha sido más larga que la de los lados posterior y lateral. La longitud de los osteofitos muestra una correlación significativa y directa con la edad. Conclusión: Los osteofitos que han aparecido en el cuerpo de las vértebras, la cara y el foramen transverso pueden incidir en las estructuras cercanas. Este estudio puede ayudar a explicar algunos problemas clínicos como la disfagia, insuficiencia vertebrobasilar y braquialgia. Many patients suffer from dysphagia, vertigo, arm pain, numbness or weakness. These problems may arise from osteophytes in the cervical vertebrae. The purpose was to study the distribution and lengths of osteophyte in the cervical vertebrae. We used 200 cervical columns (139 male and 61 female) of dry C3-C7 vertebrae. Osteophytes were found in 184 columns (92%), mostly at C5, C6, C4, C7 and C3 (83, 77, 74, 65 and 64% respectively) . The average length of osteophytes of C3 (4.44 ± 1.31 mm) was longer than those of C4-C7. The quantity of osteophytes mostly was found at vertebral bodies, articular facets and transverse foramen (49, 35 and 16%) respectively. The greatest osteophyte length of vertebral bodies was at C6 (4.28 ± 1.65 mm.), that of articular facet was at C5 (5.07 ± 1.57 mm.) and that of foramen transversarium was at C6 (2.49 ± 1.57 mm.). The osteophyte length of anterior area of superior and inferior surface of body was longer than posterior and lateral area.  The osteophyte length was significantly correlated with age. Conclusion: The osteophytes that occurred at vertebral bodies, facet and transverse foramen may impinge on nearby structures. This study may help in explaining some clinical problems such as dysphagia, vertebrobasilar insufficiency and brachialgia.  

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE KINEMATICS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE USING OPEN (INTERVENTIONAL) MRI

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
O. Emohare ◽  
A. H. McGregor ◽  
P. Wragg ◽  
W. M. W. Gedroyc
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Segmental Motion ◽  
Functional Images ◽  
Vertebral Kinematics ◽  
C2 Vertebra ◽  
Cervical Level

The scope of serial studies into the kinematics of the cervical vertebrae, have been limited by the methods available for imaging. Plain radiography has been one of the main methods by which data has been collected. The widespread use of this method has, however, been restricted by factors including exposure to ionizing radiation and magnification errors. With the advent of Interventional Magnetic Resonance (iMR) scanners, however, the authors sought to determine the utility of an iMR scanner in obtaining functional images of the cervical vertebrae, from which repeatable measurements of vertebral kinematics can be collected. 20 healthy volunteers (mean age 25.4 ± 3.7 years) were recruited. They had their cervical vertebrae scanned in three positions: neutral, flexed and extended. Sagittal images were obtained for each subject from between the level of the C2 vertebra to the T1 vertebra and measurements of inter-segmental motion were made, using established clinical methodology. Clear images of the cervical vertebrae were obtained in all positions from which measures of motion were made. Greatest angular motions were found to occur in the mid-cervical level, C4/C5. Non-osseous structures, including the intervertebral discs and nerve roots were well visualized. Our results suggest that iMR scanning may have an important role in the imaging of cervical spine and its associated structures. It offers a modality that allows the determination of both normal and abnormal kinematics on a large scale.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of an electromechanical adjusting instrumental compared to cervical spine manipulation in the treatment of cervicogenic headaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Russell Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cervicogenic Headaches ◽  
Cervical Spine Manipulation ◽  
Group A

Background: Cervicogenic headaches are usually chronic, debilitating and tend to be unresponsive to common headache medications. Manual therapy has been shown to be an effective form of management for cervicogenic headache. The Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument is a hand-held device offered as an alternative to manual therapy for musculoskeletal treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument compared to cervical spine manipulation in terms of subjective and objective measures in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Methodology: This study was a randomised single-blinded clinical trial. There were 41 participants between the ages of 18 and 59 years who were randomly divided into two groups of 21 and 20 respectively by means of a randomisation table drawn up by the statistician. Participants in Group A received cervical spine manipulation while those in Group B received the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument. Subjective headache intensity was determined using a Numerical Pain Rating Scale. The effect of neck pain on the participants’ activities of daily living before and after treatment was assessed using the Neck Disability Index. The effect of the headache on the participants’ activities of daily living before and after treatment was assessed using the Headache Disability Index. Objective cervical range of motion in all six planes of motion was assessed using a CROM goniometer. Participants in both groups received six interventions over a three-week period with a minimum interval of 48 hours between each intervention. The subjective and objectives assessments were taken at baseline, post-third and post-sixth interventions. The data was analysed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect on each outcome measure separately of time and treatment group interaction. Profile plots were generated to show the rates of changes in outcomes over time by the intervention group. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For most of the outcomes, there was no clinical or statistical interaction present, i.e. the intervention effect was similar in both groups irrespective of the intervention. Conclusion: The trends in each of the outcomes suggest that the Electromechanical Adjusting Instrument is as effective as cervical spine manipulation for the treatment of cervicogenic headache

Effect of Active Head Restraint on Cervical Vertebrae Injuries Lessening

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wen Zhou ◽  
Si Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Interspinous Ligament ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Ligamenta Flava

A three-dimensional multi-body model of the 50th percentile male human and discretized neck was built to evaluate the effect of active head restraint on cervical vertebrae injuries lessening in vehicle rear impact. The discretized neck includes of cervical spine vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles. The BioRID-II adult male dummy restrained using safety belt was seated on a sled, whose longitudinal velocity measured from rear impact FEM simulation was applied to simulate the relative motion of the head and neck. According to the interspinous ligament loads and the ligamenta flava loads of the cervical spine, an active head restraint and an impact absorber were designed to lessening the neck injuries in vehicle rear end collisions.

Stress Changes in Intervertebral Discs of the Cervical Spine After Arthrodesis

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Tchako ◽  
Ali Sadegh
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Lower Cervical Spine ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Spine Model ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Cervical Spine Fusion ◽  
Geometric Measurement

An improved and detailed 3D FE model of human cervical spine model was created using digitized geometric measurement tool. The vertebral bodies of the model were fused at three locations. The unfused and the fused models were physiologically loaded and the changes in stresses in intervertebral discs were compared. A moment of 1.5 Nm was used in combination with a 50 N compressive preload. The results showed that the lower cervical spine fusion induces the most stress changes in the neighboring discs.

Upper Cervical Spine Anomalies and Osseous Nasopharyngeal Depth

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Osborne ◽  
Samuel Pruzansky ◽  
Herbert Koepp-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Cervical

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of anomalies of the upper cervical vertebrae on the antero-posterior diameter of the nasopharyngeal port. The osseous nasopharyngeal depth was determined from lateral roentgencephalograms for 38 congenital palatopharyngeal incompetent (CPI) patients with anomalies of the upper cervical vertebrae, 38 CPI patients without cervical anomalies, and 76 matched control subjects. Comparison of these measures between groups revealed a significantly greater osseous nasopharyngeal depth in those CPI patients with cervical anomalies. No significant difference existed between the CPI patients without cervical anomalies and their matched controls or between the two matched control groups.

scholarly journals The benefits of manual therapy and active cervical exercises in pacients with cerviogenic headache

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Manuela Lalu ◽  
Petru Mihancea ◽  
Olivia Andreea Marcu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Cervicogenic Headache ◽  
Upper Cervical Spine ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Cervicogenic Headaches ◽  
Upper Cervical ◽  
Orofacial Region

Abstract Introduction: Cervicogenic headache stems from a dysfunctional mechanism that frequently affects the upper region of the cervical spine, often involving multiple tissues connected with the occipital, submandibular, and orofacial region. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of a personalized program of manual therapy and specific exercises in patients with cervicogenic headaches. Material and Methods: The study included 44 patients. Specific functional tests of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex, namely the evaluation of the cranio-cervical-mandibular complex (according to Rocabado), cervical flexion-rotation test, cervical flexor endurance test, cervical extensors endurance test, and palpation of trigger points and cervical spine dynamics, were employed. Results: The analysis of demographic data shows a significantly increased prevalence of headache among women. The symptomatology that almost always accompanies episodes of cervicogenic headache is localized neck pain. The intensity and frequency of the symptoms are strongly associated with alterations in the dynamics of the upper cervical spine and chronic sleep disorders. Conclusion: Cranio-cervical manual therapy has proven effective in patients with cervicogenic headaches. The implementation of a strategy based on manual therapy and active exercise had a superior statistical and clinical result compared to the exclusively manual therapeutic approach.

Characterization of Irregular Stress Distributions Induced by Klippel Feil Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Leung ◽  
Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn ◽  
Rolando F. Roberto
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Vertebral Fusion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Spine Segment

Klippel Feil Syndrome (KFS) is a congenital disorder characterized by failure of segmentation of cervical vertebrae, resulting in “fusions” at any level of the cervical spine. Clinical diagnosis of KFS occurs at a mean age of 7.1 years, with children diagnosed with KFS often exhibiting reduced motion and function characterized by reduction of upward and downward motions of the head on the neck (flexion/extension), axial rotation, and tilting of the head side to side (lateral bending). More importantly, however, previous KFS studies have acknowledged possible compromises to the structural integrity and overall health of the cervical spine in the presence of abnormal fusion. Instances of instabilities such as fracture and large amounts of mobility at vertebral segments adjacent to fusion have been recorded, both posing significant neurological and physiological dangers to an individual afflicted with KFS. While fusion and instability appear to be interrelated, more intrinsic evaluation of KFS-related instabilities is needed. Current KFS studies, relying predominantly on static radiographic modalities, have been unsuccessful in identifying factors contributing to craniocervical (CC) destabilization in the presence of congenital vertebral fusion. It has been hypothesized that fusion of vertebral bodies induces abnormal stress distributions that catalyze instances of fracture along any KFS spine segment. Using Finite Element (FE) Modeling and Analysis to characterize motion alterations and irregular stress patterns associated with vertebral fusion, a high fidelity computational representation of a KFS affected cervical spine segment spanning the base of the occiput to C6 was constructed. Computer Tomography (CT) images were used for vertebral reconstruction with soft tissue components such as intervertebral discs (IVDs), articular cartilages (ACs), and the transverse ligament were modeled as homogenous solid components.

Maxillo-Nasal Dysplasia (Binder Syndrome) and Associated Malformations of the Cervical Spine

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. K. Olow-Nordenram ◽  
C. T. RÅdberg
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Chorda Dorsalis ◽  
Rare Malformation ◽  
Associated Malformations ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
A Minor

Forty-three patients with maxillo-nasal dysplasia have been subjected to a radiographic examination of the cervical spine. In 44.2 per cent malformations of the cervical vertebrae of a minor or major type were revealed. Dysplasia of the vertebral bodies related to persistence of the chorda dorsalis, a very rare malformation, was found in six cases. No correlation between the incidence or severity of the malformations and the degree of malocclusion of the jaws and facial deformity, characteristic of Binder syndrome, were noted. The maxillo-nasal dysplasia and the spinal malformations probably have a common cause during the embryologic stage.

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