scholarly journals Peroxisomal β-oxidation acts as a sensor for intracellular fatty acids and regulates lipolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianggong Ding ◽  
Wenfei Sun ◽  
Miroslav Balaz ◽  
Anyuan He ◽  
Manuel Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractTo liberate fatty acids (FAs) from intracellular stores, lipolysis is regulated by the activity of the lipases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase and monoacylglycerol lipase. Excessive FA release as a result of uncontrolled lipolysis results in lipotoxicity, which can in turn promote the progression of metabolic disorders. However, whether cells can directly sense FAs to maintain cellular lipid homeostasis is unknown. Here we report a sensing mechanism for cellular FAs based on peroxisomal degradation of FAs and coupled with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which in turn regulates FA release by modulating lipolysis. Changes in ROS levels are sensed by PEX2, which modulates ATGL levels through post-translational ubiquitination. We demonstrate the importance of this pathway for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression using genetic and pharmacological approaches to alter ROS levels in vivo, which can be utilized to increase hepatic ATGL levels and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. The discovery of this peroxisomal β-oxidation-mediated feedback mechanism, which is conserved in multiple organs, couples the functions of peroxisomes and lipid droplets and might serve as a new way to manipulate lipolysis to treat metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Liver and Nutrition. An Optimal Diet for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Mayevskaya ◽  
V. T. Ivashkin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Aim. This review study is aimed at characterizing the nutrition of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).General findings.A high-calorie diet, followed even for a short period of time, can lead to an increase in the lipid content in hepatocytes and an increase in ALT values. These changes occur much earlier than weight gain, glucose metabolism disorders and other clinically obvious changes. So far, only the Mediterranean diet (or the Mediterranean type of food) has been scientifically confirmed as beneficial for human health. It is recommended for patients with NAFLD both by Russian and international clinical guidelines. The molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects on human health have been confirmed for such Mediterranean diet components as polyphenols, carotenoids, oleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The enrichment of the Mediterranean diet with olive oil (+10 g) reduces the risk of diabetes mellitus by 40 %. The addition of Omega-3 fatty acids to food reduces the risk of hepatocellular cancer. A balanced ratio of omega 3 and omega 6 in the diet is more important than the absolute amount of individual fatty acids. Vegetables and fruit contain two main classes of antioxidants: polyphenols and carotenoids. In patients with NAFLD, they exhibit an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro. Food produced from whole grain has a lower energy potential as compared to that produced from refined grain. Meat contains various nutrients, such as proteins, iron, zinc, B12 vitamin, as well as sodium, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, which serve as risk factors for the development of NAFLD and other cardio-metabolic disorders. In this paper, we present a clinical observation of a 51-year-old patient with NAFLD and cardio-metabolic disorders. Practical recommendations are given on changes in his lifestyle and the choice of optimal therapy with the application of multifunctional drugs affecting all disease aspects.Conclusion.The concepts of ‘correct or healthy’ nutrition and ‘lifestyle modification’ are increasingly attracting much attention both in terms of the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Proper nutrition is important for a good life prognosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 

scholarly journals Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Derived Bioactive Lipids on Metabolic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjie Duan ◽  
Yayue Song ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Chunjiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Arachidonic acid (ARA) is an important ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) are three well-known ω-3 PUFAs. These fatty acids can be metabolized into a number of bioactive lipids. Eicosanoids derived from ARA have drawn great attention because of their important and complex biofunctions. Although EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA have also shown powerful biofunctions, we have fewer studies of metabolites derived from them than those from ARA. Recently, growing research has focused on the bioaction of ω-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, which indicates their great potential for treating metabolic disorders. Most of the functional studies of these bioactive lipids focused on their anti-inflammatory effects. However, several studies elucidated their direct effects on pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and endothelial cells. These researches revealed the importance of studying the functions of metabolites derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids other than themselves. The current review summarizes research into the effects of ω-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins on metabolic disorders, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, adipose tissue dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.

COVID-19: Opinion in Prevention and dietary based management hypothesis

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Talaat Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Antiviral Activities

The pandemic of COVID-19 had started in Wuhan city china in late 2019 with a subsequent worldwide spread. The viral infection can seriousely affect multiple organs mainly lungs, kidneys, heart, liver and brain and may lead to respiratory, renal, cardiac or hepatic failure.Vascular thrombosis of unexplained mechanism that may lead to widespread blood clots in multiple organs and cytokine storms that result of overstimulation of the immune system subsequent of lung damage may lead to sudden decompensation due to hypotension and more damage to liver, kidney, brain or lungs.Until now no drug had proved efficient in getting rid of the problem and controlling the pandemic mainly depends on preventive measures.Many preventive measures can be considered to prevent the worldwide spread of viral transmission. Polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids (PUFAs) and the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFAs) and their corresponding monoglycerides had high antiviral activities against the enveloped viruses which reach to more than 10,000 -fold reduction in the viral titres in vitro and in vivo after testing of its gastric aspirate, and can contribute to the systemic immunity against the enveloped viruses.

scholarly journals Expert Opinion on the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Middle East with a Focus on the Use of Silymarin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hashem ◽  
Yogesh Shastri ◽  
Malfi Al Otaibi ◽  
Elwin Buchel ◽  
Hussam Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is amongst the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD in the Middle East is 32%, similar to that observed worldwide. The clinicians in this region face several challenges in diagnosing and treating patients with NAFLD. Additionally, there are no national or regional guidelines to address the concerns faced with current treatment options. Silymarin, derived from milk thistle, provides a rational and clinically proven approach to hepatoprotection. This article focuses on addressing regional diagnostic challenges and provides clear guidance and potential solutions for the use of Silymarin in the treatment of NAFLD in the Middle East. Both clinical and preclinical studies have highlighted the efficiency of Silymarin in managing NAFLD by reducing liver disease progression and improving patient symptoms and quality of life, alongside being safe and well tolerated. An expert panel of professionals from the Middle East convened to establish a set of regional-specific diagnostics. A consensus was established to aid general physicians to address the diagnostic challenges in the region. In conclusion, Silymarin can be considered beneficial in treating NAFLD and should be initiated as early as possible and continued as long as necessary.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and current research

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Smriti Narayan ◽  
Sonu Kumar Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Villayat Ali ◽  
Malkhey Verma
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Disease Progression ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is omega-6 fatty acids diet dipendent in a group of obese children

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. S838
Author(s):  
A. Dalbeni ◽  
A. Mantovani ◽  
A. Tagetti ◽  
S. Bonafini ◽  
V. Paon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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