scholarly journals Exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies of adverse pregnancy outcomes and disinfection byproducts

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will D King ◽  
Linda Dodds ◽  
B Anthony Armson ◽  
Alexander C Allen ◽  
Deshayne B Fell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Association between exposure to drinking water disinfection byproducts and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funanani Mashau ◽  
Esper Jacobeth Ncube ◽  
Kuku Voyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Regulatory Data ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Currently, there is contradictory evidence for the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs). We examine the association between maternal exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including premature birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). In total, 1,167 women older than 18 years were enrolled at public antenatal venues in two geographical districts. For each district, we measured the levels of residential drinking water DBPs (measured in THMs) through regulatory data and routine water sampling. We estimated the individual uptake of water of each woman by combining individual water use and uptake factors. Increased daily internal dose of total THMs during the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of delivering premature infants (AOR 3.13, 95% CI 1.36–7.17). The risk of premature birth was also positiviely associated with exposure to total THMs during the whole pregnancy (AOR 2.89, 95% CI 1.25–6.68). The risk of delivering an SGA and LBW infant was not associated with maternal exposure to THMs. Our findings suggest that exposure to THMs is associated with certain negative pregnancy outcomes. The levels of THMs in water should be routinely monitored.

Disinfection Byproducts, Polymorphisms, and Susceptibility to Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S67-S68
Author(s):  
Manolis Kogevinas ◽  
Evridiki Patelarou ◽  
Cristina M. Villanueva ◽  
Mariona Bustamante ◽  
Sylvaine Cordier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Racial Disparities in Pregnancy Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Suiru Dzekem ◽  
Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽  
Christopher O. Olopade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Exposure to air pollutants and other environmental factors increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is growing evidence that adverse outcomes related to air pollution disproportionately affect racial and ethnic minorities. This paper explores the importance of race as a risk factor for air pollution-related poor pregnancy outcomes. Methods We systematically reviewed epidemiologic studies investigating the effects of exposure to air pollution on pregnancy outcomes in the United States. Results Findings across all reviewed studies show more adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight and stillbirths) due to air pollution among Blacks and Hispanics than among non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusion This paper enhances our general understanding of the impact of air pollution on birth outcomes and, specifically, of disparities in birth outcomes for infants born to Black and Hispanic mothers.

scholarly journals Drinking water disinfection by-products exposure and health effects on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funanani Mashau ◽  
Esper Jacobeth Ncube ◽  
Kuku Voyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
By Products

Abstract Epidemiological studies have found that maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes although the findings tend to be inconsistent. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence in associated with drinking water DBP exposure in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Peer-reviewed articles were identified using electronic databases searched for studies published in the English language. Studies selected for review were evaluated for exposure assessment, confounders, and analyses risks of bias in the selection, outcomes assessment, and attrition. A comprehensive search and screening yielded a total of 32 studies, of which 12 (38%) reported a statistical association between maternal exposure to DBPs and adverse pregnancy outcomes. A maternal exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) shows an increased risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and slightly increased risk of pregnancy loss. Risks of bias were low among the studies included in the review. Evidence on association relating to adverse pregnancy outcomes to DBP exposure is still less significant. There is a need for future robust research in this field, with the use of urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) biomarkers as a direct exposure assessment method for this field.

Association between Thiopurines Use and Pregnancy Outcomes in Female Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Heng Guo ◽  
Weina Wang ◽  
Xingang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Background: Conflicting data exist regarding the influence of thiopurines exposure on adverse pregnancy outcomes in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of the safety of thiopurines in pregnant IBD women. Methods: All relevant articles reporting pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD received thiopurines during pregnancy were identified from the databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) with the publication data up to April 2020. Data of included studies were extracted to calculate the relative risk (RR) of multiple pregnancy outcomes: congenital malformations, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous abortion. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Results: Eight studies matched with the inclusion criteria and a total of 1201 pregnant IBD women who used thiopurines and 4189 controls comprised of women with IBD received drugs other than thiopurines during pregnancy were included. Statistical analysis results demonstrated that the risk of preterm birth was significantly increased in the thiopurine-exposed group when compared to IBD controls (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79; p=0.049; I 2 =41%), while no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Thiopurines’ use in women with IBD during pregnancy is not associated with congenital malformations, LBW, SGA, or spontaneous abortion, but appears to have an association with an increased risk of preterm birth.

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