Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

The use of microchip controlled TE-10 smoke machine system with 3R4F research cigarettes as a part of the experimental design in order to create an atmosphere with environmental tobacco smoke constituents.

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Prevalence of smoking restrictions and child exposure to secondhand smoke in cars and homes: a repeated cross-sectional survey of children aged 10-11 years in Wales

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006914 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e006914-e006914 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. F. Moore ◽

L. Moore ◽

H. J. Littlecott ◽

N. Ahmed ◽

S. Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Exposure ◽

Smoking Restrictions ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

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Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nty215 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 1531-1538 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jing Zhao ◽

Xiaojing Li ◽

Susan LeRoy Stewart ◽

Weiguo Gao ◽

Fei Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Large Scale ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Olympic Games ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Introduction We explored the impact of a temporary tobacco-free public policy for the 2008 Summer Olympics on the smoking prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure among the population of a co-hosting city, Qingdao, China. Methods The Qingdao Diabetes Survey was analyzed for 2006 (n = 4599) and 2009 (n = 4680), which are survey years before and after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period (July 2007 to January 2009). We analyzed the differences in self-reported smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke at home and/or workplace, and compared odds of smoking by survey year and of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers. Results From 2006 to 2009, the male smoking prevalence declined from 51.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.0% to 53.9%) to 42.6% (95% CI = 40.2% to 45.1%), and the proportion of lighter smokers decreased more. Among nonsmokers, the secondhand smoke exposure rate declined from 62.2% (95% CI = 60.5% to 63.9%) to 56.8% (95% CI = 55.1% to 58.6%). Regression analyses show 34% lower odds of men smoking after Olympics (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.57% to 0.77%). Rural residents and individuals who are not retired were more likely to smoke. Female nonsmokers report 17% less exposure to secondhand smoke after Olympics (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70% to 0.98%). Urban nonsmokers were more likely to be exposed than their rural counterparts. Conclusions Smoking prevalence among men and secondhand smoke exposure among women significantly decreased in Qingdao, China, after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period. As only the proportion of lighter smokers decreased, this may help explain why urban nonsmokers reported increased exposure. Unintended increased secondhand smoke exposure and cessation support need to be addressed in large-scale policy campaigns. Implications Hosting the Olympic Games can help to initiate large-scale tobacco-free public policies for hosting cities. Although previous studies have demonstrated reduction in nonsmoker exposure to secondhand smoke, the impact on the hosting city’s smoking prevalence or exposure rates is unclear. After the Olympic Games in Qingdao, China, smoking prevalence among men significantly decreased, mostly due to light smokers. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and/or workplace significantly decreased among female nonsmokers. Urban nonsmokers had an unintended consequence of increased secondhand smoke exposure after the tobacco-free Olympic policy period. Concurrent promotion of cessation support for heavier smokers may be needed.

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The Impact of State Preemption of Local Smoking Restrictions on Public Health Protections and Changes in Social Norms

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2012/632629 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Paul D. Mowery ◽

Steve Babb ◽

Robin Hobart ◽

Cindy Tworek ◽

Allison MacNeil

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Tobacco Control ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Public Support ◽

Local Policy ◽

Public Places ◽

Smoking Restrictions ◽

Smoke Free Policy ◽

Multiple Data ◽

The Impact

Introduction. Preemption is a legislative or judicial arrangement in which a higher level of government precludes lower levels of government from exercising authority over a topic. In the area of smoke-free policy, preemption typically takes the form of a state law that prevents communities from adopting local smoking restrictions.Background. A broad consensus exists among tobacco control practitioners that preemption adversely impacts tobacco control efforts. This paper examines the effect of state provisions preempting local smoking restrictions in enclosed public places and workplaces.Methods. Multiple data sources were used to assess the impact of state preemptive laws on the proportion of indoor workers covered by smoke-free workplace policies and public support for smoke-free policies. We controlled for potential confounding variables.Results. State preemptive laws were associated with fewer local ordinances restricting smoking, a reduced level of worker protection from secondhand smoke, and reduced support for smoke-free policies among current smokers.Discussion. State preemptive laws have several effects that could impede progress in secondhand smoke protections and broader tobacco control efforts.Conclusion. Practitioners and advocates working on other public health issues should familiarize themselves with the benefits of local policy making and the potential impact of preemption.

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29.A. Workshop: Implementation of smokefree prisons across a national prison estate: experience from Scotland

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Development Planning ◽

Good Communication ◽

Smoke Free Policy ◽

Prison Policy ◽

Smokefree Policy ◽

Oral Presentations ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Objective To present findings from the multi-methods, 3-Phase Tobacco in Prisons (TIPs) study, a comprehensive evaluation of the development, preparation for, implementation and outcomes of smoke free policy across Scotland's prison. Prisons had partial exemption from UK policy banning smoking in enclosed public spaces, and became one of few workplaces with continued exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). Prison smoking bans have been introduced elsewhere, but evidence of the process and impact of implementing smokefree prisons is sparse. By presenting papers using different methods (objective measurements of SHS; qualitative focus group/interview data, surveys with people in custody and staff; prisoner purchasing data and an economic analysis), the workshop will demonstrate the success of implementing smokefree prison policy and the factors contributing to this success and related outcomes. It will discuss some of the challenging issues and decisions which other jurisdictions may face when considering a smokefree policy. Format The format of the workshop will comprise oral presentations from members of the TIPs research team. This will begin with an overview of a) the rationale for and challenges of implementing smokefree policies in the prison context, and b) the methods used during the three phases of the TIPs study. There will then be presentations on: (i) SHS exposure pre-post ban; (ii) experiences and opinions of staff including the use of e-cigarettes in prisons; (iii) the impact of smokefree policy on prisoner spend in the 'canteen' (prison shop); the impact of smokefree prison policy on medications dispensing; (v) the economic impacts of the smoke-free prison policy. As a study of an entire national prison service. This evaluation of the development, planning, implementation and impact of smokefree policy demonstrates the importance of research evidence for policy implementation, providing new evidence for other jurisdictions contemplating bans on smoking in prisons. Key messages Smokefree prison policy can be successfully implemented with support, partnership working and good communication. Exposure to secondhand smoke in prisons rapidly declines.

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Passive smoking and knowledge of its health hazards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1362 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Algabbani ◽

N Bin Dhim

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Health Risks ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Passive Smoking ◽

National Study ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Introduction Exposure to secondhand smoke is a major public health issue that requires assessing its magnitude. This study assesses the current status of passive smoking and its determinates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods This national study conducted in the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia through web-based-computer assisted telephone interviews. The two main measurements were passive smoking among nonsmokers and smoking behaviors in microenvironments among smokers. Data on socio-economic and demographical data, smoking status, attitude, and knowledge on passive smoking impacts were also collected. Data was weighted by age, gender, and region to account for the different probabilities of selection. Results Exposure to secondhand smoke among non-smokers was 44%. Smoking at home with the presence of children in the same room was prevalent (25% cigarettes smokers, 30% waterpipe smokers). About 18% of smokers smoke inside their cars while children on-board. Only 34.4% of smokers perceived, “to a very large extent”, the harms of their smoking might be doing to others. As the knowledge on secondhand smoking exposure health risks increases the smokers were less likely to smoke in microenvironment (R= -0.16, p value< 0.01). Almost half of the population (49.1wt.%) were “extremely concerned” about the effect of passive smoking on their health in the future. Conclusions Passive smoking is prevalent in the Saudi population and a proportion of smokers smokes in microenvironments with the presence of children. Further preventive and promotion strategies are needed to protect the public from the hazards of passive smoking with special attention to vulnerable populations. Key messages Identify the association between knowledge of the associated health risks with exposure to passive smoking and smoker behaviors that expose nonsmokers to tobacco smoke in private micro-environments. Assess the impact of individual knowledge of passive smoking associated health risks and vulnerability to passive tobacco smoke exposure.

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A Qualitative Study on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Behavior and Attitudes of Smokers and Non-smokers in South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-478285/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jieun Hwang ◽

Hae-ryong Chun ◽

Eunsil Cheon

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Human Society ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Group Interviews ◽

Education Culture ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human society, including education, culture, and economy, and has also brought changes in health behaviors such as drinking alcohol, nutrition intake, and practicing healthy living. This study conducted a qualitative research in the Korean context to examine the changes in the smoking behavior of smokers and secondhand smoke exposure of non-smokers during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with 36 Korean participants (18 men and 18 women): groups were composed of cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, heated tobacco products users, or non-smokers. ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless tobacco products, in the case of users who were not participating in engaging in social interaction, such as working from home or online classes, the frequency of using increased, and for users who continued engaging in social interactions, the amount of using increased each time they used. Smokers showed a tendency to avoid smoking rooms and to smoke alone in places where there were no people. In addition, non-smokers’ exposure to secondhand smoke did not decrease, but since non-smokers used masks, they reported more relief about the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke than before.ConclusionsSmokers being a high-risk group for COVID-19 did not result in smoking cessation among smokers. Therefore, policy and educational campaigns to raise awareness about the dangers of smoking and to encourage smoking cessation are needed in the future.

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Concurrent Alcohol Use and Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Smoking Topography, Toxicant Exposure, and Abuse Liability

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 280-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eleanor L S Leavens ◽

Taylor L Morgan ◽

Emma I Brett ◽

Kelsey Patzkowsky ◽

Jessica Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondhand Smoke ◽

Alcohol Intoxication ◽

Volume Flow Rate ◽

Abuse Liability ◽

Double Blind ◽

Toxicant Exposure ◽

Smoking Topography ◽

Plasma Nicotine ◽

The Impact ◽

Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

Abstract Introduction Relative to non-waterpipe (WP) smokers, WP smokers are more than twice as likely to use alcohol and frequently consume alcohol before or during smoking sessions. Co-use of alcohol and WP may result in greater toxicant exposure compared to WP smoking alone. To date, no study systematically has investigated the impact of acute alcohol intoxication on WP smoking topography, exposure to tobacco-related toxicants, or abuse liability. Methods Dyads of current WP smokers and drinkers (N = 42; age = 21–32 years) completed two in-laboratory ad libitum smoking sessions (≤2 hours) following 12-hour nicotine abstinence in a double-blind, randomized crossover design in which they consumed a placebo versus active drink (sustained breath alcohol concentration = .08). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and plasma nicotine concentration were assessed. Questionnaires assessed smoking experience and smoking urge. Smoking topography was measured continuously throughout each smoking session. Results The alcohol session was associated with increased inhaled volume, flow rate, and WP session duration compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, participants reported a more positive overall smoking experience following the alcohol session and greater smoking urges pre- and post-smoking session. Although both sessions resulted in significant increases in eCO and plasma nicotine, no significant differences emerged in eCO or nicotine exposure between the active and placebo sessions. Conclusions Co-use of alcohol and WP may contribute to the maintenance of WP smoking through enhanced smoking experiences, increased urge to smoke, and significant exposure to addictive nicotine. Regulations may be necessary to limit the sale of alcohol in WP smoking lounges and reduce exposure to secondhand smoke. Implications The findings suggest co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco likely maintain WP use and dependence by enhancing the smoking experience and increasing urges to smoke. These findings have implications for regulations aimed at limiting co-use of alcohol and WP tobacco in WP lounges and limiting exposure to secondhand smoke. Clinical trials registration NCT03096860

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