scholarly journals Knock out of the PHOSPHATE 2 Gene TaPHO2-A1 Improves Phosphorus Uptake and Grain Yield under Low Phosphorus Conditions in Common Wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Ouyang ◽  
Xia Hong ◽  
Xueqiang Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xue He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Low Phosphorus

scholarly journals Grain yield and competitive ability against weeds in modern and heritage common wheat cultivars are differently influenced by sowing density

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariateresa Lazzaro ◽  
Ambrogio Costanzo ◽  
Dalia Hosam Farag ◽  
Paolo Bàrberi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Crop Stand

Sowing density can have a strong impact on crop stand development during wheat growing cycle. In organic and low-input agriculture, and therefore with minimum or nil use of chemical herbicides, increased sowing density is expected to affect not only grain yield but also weed suppression. In this study we tested, under Mediterranean conditions, six common wheat cultivars (three modern and three heritage) and two three-component mixtures (arranged by combining the three modern or the three heritage cultivars). The different crop stands were tested at sowing densities of 250 (low) and 400 (high, similar to standard sowing density used by local farmers) viable seeds m-2 for two growing seasons. We did not detect a significant effect of crop stand diversity (single cultivars vs mixtures) on grain yield and weed suppression. Differences were ascribed to type of cultivars used (heritage vs modern). Compared to high sowing density, in modern cultivars grain yield did not decrease significantly with low sowing density whereas in heritage cultivars it increased by 15.6%, possibly also because of 21.5% lower plant lodging. Weed biomass increased with low sowing density both in heritage and modern cultivar crop stand types. However, heritage crop stands had, on average, a lower weed biomass (56%) than modern crop stands. Moreover, weed biomass in heritage crop stands at low density (6.82 ± 1.50 g m-2) was lower than that of modern cultivars at the same sowing density (15.54 ± 3.35 g m-2), confirming the higher suppressive potential of the former. We can conclude that lower sowing density can be advisable when using heritage crop stands as it keeps productivity while decreasing plant lodging and maintaining weeds under control.

scholarly journals Effects of Mono-Ammonium Phosphate and K-Humate Applications on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency of Bread Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Yossif ◽  
Sait Gezgin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Basic Reaction ◽  
Dry Conditions

Study was aimed to determine the effect of mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4) and K-Humate application on grain yield and grain phosphorus uptake efficiency which applied on Central Anatolian calcareous and basic reaction soil. The research was conducted at Bahri Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute field in dry conditions during 2018 - 19 to determine the effect of phosphorus doses @ 0, 17.5 and 35.0 kg ha-1 and K-Humate @ 0 and 12 kg ha-1 on Bayraktar 2000 variety of bread wheat crop grain yield, agronomic (AE), physiological (PE) and apparent recovery (AR) phosphorus uptake efficiency. Results of the research revealed that increased phosphorus rate, enhances grain yield and amount of grain phosphorus uptake increase, while the grain AE, PE and AR were decreasing significantly. Additionally, with the K-Humate application with respect to control, the grain yield was positively affected in P0 and P17.5, while the grain phosphorus uptake amount was increased by 13%, in the P35 application the grain yield and the grain phosphorus uptake amount decreased by 9% and 5% respectively. In another direction, with the K-Humate application depending on control, in P17.5 application grain AE and AR were increased by 13% and 12% respectively, while grain PE decreased by 54%. Besides, with the K-Humate application according to control and in the P35 application grain AE, PE and AR were decreased by 66%, 51% and 40% respectively.

scholarly journals Optimizing Genetic Parameters of CSM-CERES Wheat and CSM-CERES Maize for Durum Wheat, Common Wheat, and Maize in Italy

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Mereu ◽  
Gallo ◽  
Spano
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Management Options

The expected increase in population and the pressure posed by climate change on agricultural production require the assessment of future yield levels and the evaluation of the most suitable management options to minimize climate risk and promote sustainable agricultural production. Crop simulation models are widely applied tools to predict crop development and production under different management practices and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to parameterize CSM-CERES-Wheat and CSM-CERES-Maize models, implemented in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software, to predict phenology and grain yield of durum wheat, common wheat, and maize in different Italian environments. A 10-year (2001–2010) dataset was used to optimize the genetic parameters for selected varieties of each species and to evaluate the models considering several statistical indexes. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method, and trial and error approach were used to optimize the cultivar-specific parameters of these models. Results show good model performances in reproducing crop phenology and yield for the analyzed crops, especially with the parameters optimized with the trial and error procedure. Highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) correlations between observed and simulated data were found for both anthesis and yield in model calibration and evaluation (p ≤ 0.01 for grain yield of maize in model evaluation). Root mean square error (RMSE) values range from six to nine days for anthesis and from 1.1 to 1.7 t ha-1 for crop yield and index of agreement (d-index) from 0.96 to 0.98 for anthesis and from 0.8 to 0.87 for crop yield. The set of genetic parameters obtained for durum wheat, common wheat, and maize may be applied in further analyses at field, regional, and national scales to guide operational (farmers), strategic, and tactical (policy makers) decisions.

scholarly journals Effect of late-season nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and on flour rheological quality and stability in common wheat, under different production situations

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Blandino ◽  
Federico Marinaccio ◽  
Amedeo Reyneri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Application ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Technological Quality

The increasing demand for a high and homogeneous technological quality of common wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) points out the necessity of improving wheat with by a higher protein (GPC) and gluten content, strength of dough (W) and dough stability. Among the current crop practices, late-season nitrogen (N) fertilization, from heading to flowering, is generally considered the practice that has the most effects on the storage proteins and technological quality of the grain. In order to explore the influence late-season N application can have on the dough properties and on the formation of homogeneous lots in more detail, a research was set up between 2007 and 2013, over 6 growing seasons at different sites in North West Italy using the Bologna cultivar in each of the trials. Three different late-season N fertilization strategies were compared: T1, control without a late distribution of N; T2, foliar N fertilization at flowering; T3, top-dress granular soil fertilization at the beginning of heading. A randomized complete block experimental design with four replicates was adopted. The grain yield, GPC, W and P/L indexes were analyzed. Moreover, the rheological and enzymatic properties of the samples were studied using a Mixolab® analyser (Chòpin Technologies, Paris, France). Grain yield was found to be unaffected by the fertilization treatments, while the late N application (T2, T3) significantly increased GPC. Only the granular N fertilization (T3) increased the W index compared to T1, while the P/L index was not affected by any of the fertilization strategies. Furthermore, the T3 strategy was always more effective in reducing the variability of the W index than the T2 and the T1 strategies. Water absorption and dough development time were higher in T3, than in T1, while intermediate results were reached for T2. The effect of late-season N fertilization was also significant on the starch behaviour of the dough, as an increase in starch gelatinization and retrogradation was observed. In short, the top-dress granular N fertilizer applied at the beginning of heading (T3) led to a more constant increase in GPC and flour rheological quality than the foliar application. Moreover, the adoption of this fertilization strategy resulted in a reduction in qualitative variability under different environmental and soil conditions.

Prediction of phosphorus uptake by a mechanistic model in a low phosphorus highly weathered soil as affected by mycorrhizae inoculation

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Ernani ◽  
J. C. P. Santos ◽  
J. Kaminski ◽  
D. S. Rheinheimer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Weathered Soil ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Genetic analysis of grain yield and leaf chlorophyll content in common wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zhang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
G. Chen ◽  
J. Tian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Reduced root cortical burden improves growth and grain yield under low phosphorus availability in maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1579-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Galindo-Castañeda ◽  
Kathleen M. Brown ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Low Phosphorus

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence in Corn Genotypes for High and Low Phosphorus in Pará, Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Weder Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Carneiro Maciel ◽  
Benício Lourenço Duarte Júnior ◽  
Joênes Mucci Peluzio ◽  
Layanni Ferreira Sodré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Santa Maria

Aims: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence between ten corn genotypes in the 2017/18 crop, under high and low phosphorus. Study Design: The experimental design used in each test was randomized blocks, the treatments were: ten genotypes in two levels of phosphorus and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Sítio Vitória, municipality of Santa Maria das Barreiras, state of Pará, Brazil, in the 2017/18 crop. Methodology: The experimental plot consisted of four lines five meters long, spaced with 0.90 m between the lines, with approximately 55,000 plants per hectare in the harvest. The genotypes used: 2B655, AG 1051, AG 8088, AL BANDEIRANTE, ANHEMBI, BR 206, BRS 3046, CATIVERDE, ORION e PR 27D28. The following agronomic characteristics were evaluated: plant height, ear height, ear diameter, ear length, number of grains per row, yield per plant and grain yield. Genetic divergence was estimated from Mahalanobis distances and genotypes were grouped by Tocher optimization methods. Results: Genetic dissimilarity measurements, at each dose of phosphorus, showed a high magnitude (D2= 9.72 to 1484.87). Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into four groups at low phosphorus and two groups at high phosphorus. The characteristics that most contributed to genetic divergence, in the two levels of phosphorus, were yield per plant and grain yield. Conclusion: There was a higher genetic divergence between genotypes AG 1051 and BANDEIRANTE in the low phosphorus assay and between the genotypes ANHEMBI and AL BANDEIRANTE in the high phosphorus assay. With this, these crosses are promising to obtain lineages in both tests.

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