Optimum operating conditions for chiral separations in liquid chromatography

The Analyst ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. W. Scott ◽  
Thomas E. Beesley
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chiral Separations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

scholarly journals Enzymatic Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil from Local Restaurants in East Colombia Using a Combined Lipase System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Mary Angélica Ferreira Vela ◽  
Juan C. Acevedo-Páez ◽  
Nestor Urbina-Suárez ◽  
Yeily Adriana Rangel Basto ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification

The search for innovation and biotechnological strategies in the biodiesel production chain have become a topic of interest for scientific community owing the importance of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to implement an enzymatic transesterification process to obtain biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO). The transesterification was performed by varying reaction times (8 h, 12 h and 16 h), enzyme concentrations of lipase XX 25 split (14%, 16% and 18%), pH of reaction media (6, 7 and 8) and reaction temperature (35, 38 and 40 °C) with a fixed alcohol–oil molar ratio of 3:1. The optimum operating conditions were selected to quantify the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated. The highest biodiesel production was reached with an enzyme concentration of 14%, reaction time of 8 h, pH of 7 and temperature of 38 °C. It was estimated a FAMEs production of 42.86% for the selected experiment; however, best physicochemical characteristics of biodiesel were achieved with an enzyme concentration of 16% and reaction time of 8 h. Results suggested that enzymatic transesterification process was favorable because the amount of methyl esters obtained was similar to the content of fatty acids in the WFO.

SELECTION OF COLUMN AND OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF PROTEINS IN CANADIAN WHEAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KRUGER ◽  
B. A. MARCHYLO
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
Rp Hplc

Chromatographic conditions were optimized and three commercially available columns were evaluated for separation of alcohol-soluble storage proteins of Neepawa wheat using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Optimal separation was achieved using an extracting solution of 50% 1-propanol, 1% acetic acid, and 4% dithiothreitol and an HPLC elution time of 105 min at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. HPLC columns evaluated (SynChropak RP-P, Ultrapore RPSC and Aquapore RP-300) varied in selectivity and resolution. The column providing the greatest versatility was Aquapore RP-300 available in cartridge form. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient-gel electrophoresis analysis of protein peaks resolved by RP-HPLC indicated that many of the eluted peaks contained more than one protein species. Chromatographic protein patterns obtained for Neepawa wheat grown at different locations and in different years were qualitatively the same.Key words: Protein, high-performance liquid chromatography, wheat

Performance Analysis of a Variable Speed-Ratio Metal V-Belt Drive

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computational Scheme ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Belt Drive ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Multiple Band ◽  
Ratio Change ◽  
Metal Block

A model of the metal V-belt drive (MBD), considering its detailed multiple-band and metal-block structure, and the ratio-change effect during its operation, is constructed and analyzed. A computational scheme is devised that adapts the analysis to the computation of the MBD’s performance for any specified drive-schedule. General performance characteristics of the MBD and an example illustrating its response to a given drive-schedule are presented. The use of the analysis and the computational scheme in the design of the MBD and in finding the optimum operating conditions is discussed.

Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Chrome-Tanned Solid Wastes Generated in the Leather Industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Tahiri ◽  
Ali Messaoudi ◽  
Abderrahman Albizane ◽  
Mohamed Azzi ◽  
Mohamed Bouhria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Dyes Adsorption

Abstract In this work, the ability of chrome shavings and of crust leather buffing dusts to remove dyes from aqueous solutions has been studied. Buffing dusts proved to be a much better adsorbent than chrome shavings for cationic dyes. The adsorption of anionic dyes is very important on two studied wastes. The pH has an obvious influence on the adsorption of dyes. Adsorption of cationic dyes is less favourable under acidic conditions (pH <3.5) and at high pH values (pH >10.5). The adsorption of anionic dyes on both adsorbents is more favourable under acidic conditions (pH <3). The adsorption on chrome shavings is improved by the use of finer particles. The kinetic adsorption was also studied. Adsorption isotherms, at the optimum operating conditions, were determined. Adsorption follows the Langmuir model. The isotherm parameters have been calculated. The column technique could be applied to treat significant volumes of solutions.

scholarly journals Modification of Cassava Starch Using Lactic Acid Hydrolysis in The Rotary-UV Dryer to Improve Physichocemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 01018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Denny Firmansyah ◽  
Rahmi Hidayatunajah ◽  
Isti Pudjihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Significant Difference

Food security should be supported in an effort to utilize local products into import substitution products. Cassava starch has the potential to be developed into semi-finished products in the form of flour or starch which does not contain gluten but can inflate large baking process, potentially as a substitute for wheat flour-the main ingredient for making bread. The characteristic of the starch is influenced by the type of starch composition and structure. Natural starch has physicochemical properties i.e. a long time cooking and pasta formed hard. These constraints allow us to modify cassava starch by a combination of lactic acid hydrolysis and drying with rotary UV system. Modified cassava starch is expected to be used as a substitute for wheat flour. The aim of the research which is a combination of lactic acid hydrolysis and drying using a rotary UV system is to examine the optimum operating conditions in the drying process of starch hydrolysis with parameter the physicochemical and rheological properties of modified cassava starch. The initial process study is to hydrolyze cassava starch using lactic acid. Furthermore, hydrolyzed cassava starch is then dried using UV light in the rotary dryers system. There are a variety of changing variables, i.e. time of irradiation cassava starch-lactic acid hydrolysis products in the rotary UV light and air drying temperature. The research results show that modified starch has a better characteristic than the natural starch. From the analysis, the best point of swelling power, solubility and baking expansion is consequently 15.62 g/g; 24.19 %; 2.21 ml/gr. The FTIR result shows that there is no significant difference of the chemical structure because the starch modification only change the physical characteristics. From the SEM analysis, we can know that the size of the starch’s granule changes between the natural starch and the modified starch..

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