Lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of fats and oils in ionic liquids: a further study on the reaction system

Efficient CO2 conversion by formate dehydrogenase is limited by the low CO2 concentrations that can be reached in traditional buffers. The use of ionic liquids was proposed as a manner to increase CO2 concentration in the reaction system. It has been found, however, that the required cofactor (NADH) heavily degraded during the enzymatic reaction and that acidity was the main reason. Acidity, indeed, resulted in reduction of the conversion of CO2 into formic acid and contributed to overestimate the amount of formic acid produced when the progression of the reaction was followed by a decrease in NADH absorbance (method N). Stability of NADH and the mechanism of NADH degradation was investigated by UV, NMR and by DFT calculations. It was found that by selecting neutral–basic ionic liquids and by adjusting the concentration of the ionic liquid in the buffer, the concentration of NADH can be maintained in the reaction system with little loss. Conversion of CO2 to methanol in BmimBF4 (67.1%) was more than twice as compared with the conversion attained by the enzymatic reaction in phosphate buffer (24.3%).

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Combination use of hydrophobic ionic liquids and LiCl as a good reaction system for the chemical conversion of cellulose to glucose

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c2gc35811e ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2816 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Akio Kamimura ◽

Tomoki Okagawa ◽

Natsumi Oyama ◽

Tamami Otsuka ◽

Makoto Yoshimoto

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Reaction System ◽

Chemical Conversion ◽

Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

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Task-specific Ionic Liquids as Efficient, Green and Recyclable Reagents and Solvents for Oxidation of Olefins

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.3184/0308234054506758 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 (6) ◽

pp. 388-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zhiming Wang ◽

Congna Wang ◽

Weiliang Bao ◽

Taokei Ying

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Carboxy Group ◽

Carbonyl Compounds ◽

Reaction System ◽

The Novel ◽

Oxidation Of Olefins ◽

Pyridinium Cations

Two kinds of task-specific ionic liquids (Ils) composed of imidazolinium or pyridinium cations with a carboxy group and hydrogensulfate as counterion have been synthesised and their application in oxidation of olefins has been studied. The carbonyl compounds were obtained from the oxidation of chain olefins, and 1,2-cycloalkandiols were obtained from cycloalkenes in the novel oxidation systems which are easily manipulated. The products can be easily isolated from the reaction system and the ILs can readily be recovered and reused.

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Ring-opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate using ionic liquids as catalysts

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2011.11.1.883 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jiancheng Zhou ◽

Ling Cheng ◽

Dongfang Wu

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Ring Opening ◽

Ethylene Carbonate ◽

Molar Fraction ◽

Reaction System ◽

Monomer Conversion ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Ring Opening Polymerization ◽

Polymerization Catalysts ◽

Chain Cleavage

AbstractThe ring-opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate was examined using ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorozincate ([bmim]Cl-(ZnCl2)x), as polymerization catalysts. It was shown that the polymerization was accompanied with decarboxylation and chain cleavage reaction. As the reaction time increased, the monomer conversion increased and the content of ethylene carbonate units in the resultant polymer decreased, while the polymer molecular weight increased at first, reached a maximum and then decreased. It was also found that not only the polymerizing activity of the [bmim]Cl-(ZnCl2)x but also its performance for suppressing the decarboxylation and chain cleavage increased with the molar fraction of ZnCl2. It was deduced that the catalytic performance of ionic liquids mainly depended on their inorganic anions and that the larger the amount of these anions in the reaction system, the better the catalytic performance. The polymerizing activity of ionic liquids was much higher than conventional catalysts often used for the polymerization of ethylene carbonate.

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Use of ionic liquids for improvement of cellulosic ethanol production

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.1.1-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Qijun Wang ◽

Yuanxin Wu ◽

Shengdong Zhu

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Ethanol Production ◽

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Cellulosic Ethanol ◽

Heterogeneous Reaction ◽

Reaction System ◽

The Other ◽

Fermentable Sugars ◽

Hydrolysis Process

Cellulosic ethanol production has drawn much attention in recent years. However, there remain significant technical challenges before such production can be considered as economically feasible at an industrial scale. Among them, the efficient conversion of carbohydrates in lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is one of the most challenging technical difficulties in cellulosic ethanol production. Use of ionic liquids has opened new avenues to solve this problem by two different pathways. One is pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass using ionic liquids to increase its enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. The other is to transform the hydrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass from a heterogeneous reaction system to a homogeneous one by dissolving it into ionic liquids, thus improving its hydrolysis efficiency.

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Sustainable Method for the Synthesis of Alternative Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Terephthalate Plasticizer in the Presence of Protic Ionic Liquids

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10040457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Aleksander Grymel ◽

Piotr Latos ◽

Karolina Matuszek ◽

Karol Erfurt ◽

Natalia Barteczko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Reaction System ◽

Organometallic Compounds ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Yield ◽

Bottom Phase ◽

Protic Ionic Liquids ◽

New Approach ◽

Acidic Ionic Liquids

Inexpensive Brønsted acidic ionic liquids based on trimethylamine and sulfuric acid are proposed as both solvents and catalysts in the synthesis of alternative plasticizer bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, which has a broad spectrum of applications in plasticization processes. The utilization of 50 mol % of Brønsted ionic liquid led to the full conversion of terephthalic acid after 8 h of reaction at 120 °C. Additionally, a 100% selectivity of bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate was obtained. The advantage of the presented reaction system is based on the formation of a biphasic system during the reaction. The bottom phase consists of an ionic liquid and water, and the upper phase is created by the ester and unreacted alcohol. This phenomenon helps overcome the equilibrium of the reaction and drives it towards a high yield of product. The presented new approach is proposed as a safe, cost-effective, and alternative method to conventional processes with organometallic compounds that, in turn, leads to greener and a more economically viable technology.

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Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2019/9209210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Weizheng Zhou ◽

Zhongming Wang ◽

Md. Asraful Alam ◽

Jingliang Xu ◽

Shunni Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Reaction System ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Solvent System

In this work, different kinds of ionic liquids and reaction conditions for the extraction of lipid from microalgae biomass were optimized and repeated use of ionic liquids for microalgal lipid extraction was evaluated. Morphological changes of microalgae cells were compared in terms of pre- and post-treatment to understand the mechanisms of ionic liquid treatment. Ionic liquid [BMIM][MeSO4] showed the best lipid extraction efficiency at 70°C and with reaction time of 2 hours. The ratios (ILs : methanol) of 1 : 7 and 1 : 3 were the optimum ratios to complete the extraction of the lipids from microalgae. The initial 50% volume fraction of [BMIM][MeSO4] was 16.04% of dry weight, which showed the highest five average extraction rates. The loss of ionic liquid in the reaction system and the increase in water content of ionic liquids were considered as the main reasons for the decrease in the extraction rate. It is suggested that the potential of lipid extraction in this IL-methanol co-solvent system is promising due to the high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and other characteristics.

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Synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids as catalysts

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra00337b ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 14710-14716

Author(s):

Wenliang Wu ◽

Hongshuai Gao ◽

Bin Hai ◽

Binqi Wang ◽

Min Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Reaction System ◽

Fatty Alcohols ◽

Ionic Surfactants ◽

Green Catalyst ◽

Alkyl Polyglycosides

Alkyl polyglycosides (APG), produced from glucose and fatty alcohols, are one kind of renewable green non-ionic surfactants. It is of great significance to develop a green catalyst reaction system for synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides.

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