Bifidobacteria exert species-specific effects on constipation in BALB/c mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3587-3600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Lujun Hu ◽  
Qi Xu ◽  
Tian Jiang ◽  
Shuguang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific

Edible bifidobacteria exerted species-specific effects in relieving constipation.

Density-dependent and species-specific effects on self-organization modulate the resistance of mussel bed ecosystems to hydrodynamic stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo I. Zardi ◽  
Katy Rebecca Nicastro ◽  
Christopher D. McQuaid ◽  
Monique de Jager ◽  
Johan van de Koppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Mussel Bed ◽  
Hydrodynamic Stress ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific

Variation in vegetation cover and seedling performance of tree species in a forest-savanna ecotone

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Issifu ◽  
George K. D. Ametsitsi ◽  
Lana J. de Vries ◽  
Gloria Djaney Djagbletey ◽  
Stephen Adu-Bredu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Transplant Experiment ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Savanna Woodland ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractDifferential tree seedling recruitment across forest-savanna ecotones is poorly understood, but hypothesized to be influenced by vegetation cover and associated factors. In a 3-y-long field transplant experiment in the forest-savanna ecotone of Ghana, we assessed performance and root allocation of 864 seedlings for two forest (Khaya ivorensis and Terminalia superba) and two savanna (Khaya senegalensis and Terminalia macroptera) species in savanna woodland, closed-woodland and forest. Herbaceous vegetation biomass was significantly higher in savanna woodland (1.0 ± 0.4 kg m−2 vs 0.2 ± 0.1 kg m−2 in forest) and hence expected fire intensities, while some soil properties were improved in forest. Regardless, seedling survival declined significantly in the first-year dry-season for all species with huge declines for the forest species (50% vs 6% for Khaya and 16% vs 2% for Terminalia) by year 2. After 3 y, only savanna species survived in savanna woodland. However, best performance for savanna Khaya was in forest, but in savanna woodland for savanna Terminalia which also had the highest biomass fraction (0.8 ± 0.1 g g−1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1 g g−1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 g g−1) and starch concentration (27% ± 10% vs 15% ± 7% and 10% ± 4%) in roots relative to savanna and forest Khaya respectively. Our results demonstrate that tree cover variation has species-specific effects on tree seedling recruitment which is related to root storage functions.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Effects of Ant Inhabitants on Bromeliad Nutrition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0152113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Z. Gonçalves ◽  
Rafael S. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo S. Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo Q. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific

Species-specific Effects of Nitromethylene Heterocycle Insecticides on Nicotinic Receptors in Locust Neurons and Mouse N1E-115 and BC3H1 Cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-461
Author(s):  
Marga Oortgiesen ◽  
Ruud Zwart ◽  
Henk P.M. Vijverberg
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The effects of nitromethylene heterocycle (NMH) insecticides on subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors were investigated in locust thoracic ganglion neurons, mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, and mouse BC3H1 muscle cells by using electrophysiological techniques. In locust neurons, all of the six NMH insecticides tested induced transient inward currents resembling nicotinic ACh-induced inward currents, while, in the continued presence of the NMH compounds, the ACh-induced inward current was blocked. The amplitude of the inward current and the blocking effects of the NMH insecticides were enhanced by concentrations between 0.1 and 10μM. Cross-desensitisation with the ACh-induced inward current confirmed that the NMH-induced inward current was governed by the activation of nACh receptors. Mammalian endplate type nACh receptors in BC3H1 cells and mammalian neuronal type nACh receptors in N1E-115 cells were much less sensitive to the NMH insecticides than the locust neuronal nACh receptors. At a concentration of 10μM, which blocked 80–100% of the ACh-induced inward current in locust neurons, NMH insecticides only partially blocked the ACh-induced inward currents mediated by the two subtypes of mammalian nACh receptors. NMH insecticides also failed to induce significant agonist effects in the mammalian cells at this concentration. The results provide a possible explanation for the selectively greater toxicity of NMH insecticides to insects than to vertebrates, at the level of nACh receptor subtypes and, hence, demonstrate that this in vitro approach is valuable for the investigation of species-specific interactions of compounds at their target site.

scholarly journals Nutritional influences on enzyme activities in saliva of Asian and African elephants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Boehlke ◽  
Sabrina Schuster ◽  
Lucas Kauthe ◽  
Oliver Zierau ◽  
Christian Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAsian and African elephants show morphological adaptations to their ecological niche including the oral cavity. Variety and preferences of forage plants differ between both herbivorous elephant species. Diet can affect salivary enzymes. Asian elephants were shown to have a higher salivary amylase activity than African elephants. Species-specific differences were presumed to be influenced by feeding during collection procedure. This study aimed to determine the influence of feeding on enzyme activities in saliva of both elephant species to differentiate from species-specific effects. Additionally, season and housing conditions on salivary enzyme activities in non-fed elephants of both species were investigated. Salivary amylase (sAA), lysozyme (sLYS) and peroxidase (sPOD) activity were measured photometrically or fluorometrically. Results of this study reinforce previous observations of higher basic sAA activity in Asian elephants compared to African elephants. Salivary LYS and sPOD activity showed neither species-specific nor housing-specific differences. Independent from season, most elephants of both species revealed a lack of or low sPOD activity. Feeding caused a temporary decrease of sAA, sLYS and sPOD activity in both elephant species kept in four of eight tested zoos. Furthermore, sAA activity in Asian elephants was higher and sLYS activity lower in Spring than in Autumn. This study summarizes that sAA and sLYS are components of Asian and African elephant saliva in an active conformation in contrast to sPOD. Diet varying between season and zoos might influence sAA and sLYS activities primarily in Asian elephants but temporary low effects suggest sufficient buffer capacity of elephant saliva of both species.

Species-Specific Effects of Herbivory on the Oviposition Behavior of the Moth Manduca sexta

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina E. Reisenman ◽  
Jeffrey A. Riffell ◽  
Kristin Duffy ◽  
Adrien Pesque ◽  
David Mikles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Species-specific effects of passive warming in an Antarctic moss system

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 190744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Prather ◽  
Angélica Casanova-Katny ◽  
Andrew F. Clements ◽  
Matthew W. Chmielewski ◽  
Mehmet A. Balkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Passive Warming ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Antarctic Moss

Polar systems are experiencing rapid climate change and the high sensitivity of these Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems make them especially vulnerable to accelerated ecological transformation. In Antarctica, warming results in a mosaic of ice-free terrestrial habitats dominated by a diverse assemblage of cryptogamic plants (i.e. mosses and lichens). Although these plants provide key habitat for a wide array of microorganisms and invertebrates, we have little understanding of the interaction between trophic levels in this terrestrial ecosystem and whether there are functional effects of plant species on higher trophic levels that may alter with warming. Here, we used open top chambers on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, to examine the effects of passive warming and moss species on the abiotic environment and ultimately on higher trophic levels. For the dominant mosses, Polytrichastrum alpinum and Sanionia georgicouncinata , we found species-specific effects on the abiotic environment, including moss canopy temperature and soil moisture. In addition, we found distinct shifts in sexual expression in P . alpinum plants under warming compared to mosses without warming, and invertebrate communities in this moss species were strongly correlated with plant reproduction. Mosses under warming had substantially larger total invertebrate communities, and some invertebrate taxa were influenced differentially by moss species. However, warmed moss plants showed lower fungal biomass than control moss plants, and fungal biomass differed between moss species. Our results indicate that continued warming may impact the reproductive output of Antarctic moss species, potentially altering terrestrial ecosystems dynamics from the bottom up. Understanding these effects requires clarifying the foundational, mechanistic role that individual plant species play in mediating complex interactions in Antarctica's terrestrial food webs.

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