Soil Salinity Has Species-Specific Effects on the Growth and Nutrient Quality of Four Texas Grasses

Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.

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Variation in vegetation cover and seedling performance of tree species in a forest-savanna ecotone

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467418000469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 74-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamza Issifu ◽

George K. D. Ametsitsi ◽

Lana J. de Vries ◽

Gloria Djaney Djagbletey ◽

Stephen Adu-Bredu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Cover ◽

Seedling Recruitment ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Tree Cover ◽

First Year ◽

Transplant Experiment ◽

Tree Seedling ◽

Savanna Woodland ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Species Specific

AbstractDifferential tree seedling recruitment across forest-savanna ecotones is poorly understood, but hypothesized to be influenced by vegetation cover and associated factors. In a 3-y-long field transplant experiment in the forest-savanna ecotone of Ghana, we assessed performance and root allocation of 864 seedlings for two forest (Khaya ivorensis and Terminalia superba) and two savanna (Khaya senegalensis and Terminalia macroptera) species in savanna woodland, closed-woodland and forest. Herbaceous vegetation biomass was significantly higher in savanna woodland (1.0 ± 0.4 kg m−2 vs 0.2 ± 0.1 kg m−2 in forest) and hence expected fire intensities, while some soil properties were improved in forest. Regardless, seedling survival declined significantly in the first-year dry-season for all species with huge declines for the forest species (50% vs 6% for Khaya and 16% vs 2% for Terminalia) by year 2. After 3 y, only savanna species survived in savanna woodland. However, best performance for savanna Khaya was in forest, but in savanna woodland for savanna Terminalia which also had the highest biomass fraction (0.8 ± 0.1 g g−1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1 g g−1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 g g−1) and starch concentration (27% ± 10% vs 15% ± 7% and 10% ± 4%) in roots relative to savanna and forest Khaya respectively. Our results demonstrate that tree cover variation has species-specific effects on tree seedling recruitment which is related to root storage functions.

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Bifidobacteria exert species-specific effects on constipation in BALB/c mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c6fo01641c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 3587-3600 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Linlin Wang ◽

Lujun Hu ◽

Qi Xu ◽

Tian Jiang ◽

Shuguang Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Effects ◽

Species Specific

Edible bifidobacteria exerted species-specific effects in relieving constipation.

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Species-Specific Effects of Ant Inhabitants on Bromeliad Nutrition

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0152113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0152113 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ana Z. Gonçalves ◽

Rafael S. Oliveira ◽

Paulo S. Oliveira ◽

Gustavo Q. Romero

Keyword(s):

Specific Effects ◽

Species Specific

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Species-specific effects of plants colonising cutover peatlands on patterns of carbon source utilisation by soil microorganisms

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.09.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 544-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Weigang Yan ◽

Rebekka R.E. Artz ◽

David Johnson

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Species Specific ◽

Carbon Source Utilisation

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Species-specific Effects of Nitromethylene Heterocycle Insecticides on Nicotinic Receptors in Locust Neurons and Mouse N1E-115 and BC3H1 Cells

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299402200613 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 454-461

Author(s):

Marga Oortgiesen ◽

Ruud Zwart ◽

Henk P.M. Vijverberg

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Receptor Subtypes ◽

Inward Current ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Blocking Effects ◽

Inward Currents ◽

Species Specific ◽

Ganglion Neurons

The effects of nitromethylene heterocycle (NMH) insecticides on subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors were investigated in locust thoracic ganglion neurons, mouse N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells, and mouse BC3H1 muscle cells by using electrophysiological techniques. In locust neurons, all of the six NMH insecticides tested induced transient inward currents resembling nicotinic ACh-induced inward currents, while, in the continued presence of the NMH compounds, the ACh-induced inward current was blocked. The amplitude of the inward current and the blocking effects of the NMH insecticides were enhanced by concentrations between 0.1 and 10μM. Cross-desensitisation with the ACh-induced inward current confirmed that the NMH-induced inward current was governed by the activation of nACh receptors. Mammalian endplate type nACh receptors in BC3H1 cells and mammalian neuronal type nACh receptors in N1E-115 cells were much less sensitive to the NMH insecticides than the locust neuronal nACh receptors. At a concentration of 10μM, which blocked 80–100% of the ACh-induced inward current in locust neurons, NMH insecticides only partially blocked the ACh-induced inward currents mediated by the two subtypes of mammalian nACh receptors. NMH insecticides also failed to induce significant agonist effects in the mammalian cells at this concentration. The results provide a possible explanation for the selectively greater toxicity of NMH insecticides to insects than to vertebrates, at the level of nACh receptor subtypes and, hence, demonstrate that this in vitro approach is valuable for the investigation of species-specific interactions of compounds at their target site.

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Nutritional influences on enzyme activities in saliva of Asian and African elephants

Journal of Comparative Physiology B ◽

10.1007/s00360-021-01378-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolin Boehlke ◽

Sabrina Schuster ◽

Lucas Kauthe ◽

Oliver Zierau ◽

Christian Hannig

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activities ◽

African Elephants ◽

Salivary Amylase ◽

Asian Elephants ◽

Forage Plants ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Morphological Adaptations ◽

Nutritional Influences ◽

Temporary Decrease ◽

Species Specific

AbstractAsian and African elephants show morphological adaptations to their ecological niche including the oral cavity. Variety and preferences of forage plants differ between both herbivorous elephant species. Diet can affect salivary enzymes. Asian elephants were shown to have a higher salivary amylase activity than African elephants. Species-specific differences were presumed to be influenced by feeding during collection procedure. This study aimed to determine the influence of feeding on enzyme activities in saliva of both elephant species to differentiate from species-specific effects. Additionally, season and housing conditions on salivary enzyme activities in non-fed elephants of both species were investigated. Salivary amylase (sAA), lysozyme (sLYS) and peroxidase (sPOD) activity were measured photometrically or fluorometrically. Results of this study reinforce previous observations of higher basic sAA activity in Asian elephants compared to African elephants. Salivary LYS and sPOD activity showed neither species-specific nor housing-specific differences. Independent from season, most elephants of both species revealed a lack of or low sPOD activity. Feeding caused a temporary decrease of sAA, sLYS and sPOD activity in both elephant species kept in four of eight tested zoos. Furthermore, sAA activity in Asian elephants was higher and sLYS activity lower in Spring than in Autumn. This study summarizes that sAA and sLYS are components of Asian and African elephant saliva in an active conformation in contrast to sPOD. Diet varying between season and zoos might influence sAA and sLYS activities primarily in Asian elephants but temporary low effects suggest sufficient buffer capacity of elephant saliva of both species.

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Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage and Phenobarbital

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.77.4.443 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 443-450

Author(s):

Karl C. K. Kuban ◽

Alan Leviton ◽

Kalpathy S. Krishnamoorthy ◽

Elizabeth R. Brown ◽

Rita Littlewood Teele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage ◽

Double Blind ◽

Germinal Matrix ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Severe Hemorrhage ◽

Institutional Differences ◽

Phenobarbital Administration

We enrolled 280 intubated babies with birth weights of less than 1,751 g in a double-blind randomized prospective clinical trial to evaluate whether phenobarbital influences the likelihood of developing subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Phenobarbital was associated with an increased risk of developing any subependymal-intraventricular-intraparenchymal hemorrhage and was not associated with a diminished risk of either severe hemorrhage or germinal matrix hemorrhage. This increased risk was apparent even after we considered the influence of phenobarbital levels, timing of phenobarbital administrations, institutional differences, quality of ultrasound scans, gestational age- and birth weight-specific effects, ascertainment bias, and other possible confounders of phenobarbital administration.

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